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sph2104 > Intervention > Flashcards

Intervention Flashcards

1
Q

What constitutes the health belief model?

A 
Perceived susceptibility 
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits
Perceived barriers
Cues to action
Self-efficacy
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2
Q

Perceived susceptibility

A

Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition

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3
Q

Perceived severity

A

Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and it’s consequences

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4
Q

Perceived benefits

A

Beliefs about the benefits of taking action to reduce risk of seriousness

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5
Q

Perceived barriers

A

Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action

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6
Q

Cues to action

A

Factors that activate “readiness to change”

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7
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Confidence in one’s ability to take action

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8
Q

What’s are the states of change?

A 
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation 
Action
Maintenance
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9
Q

Pre-contemplation stage

A

Has no intention of taking action for the next six months

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10
Q

Contemplation stage

A

Intention to take action in the next six months

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11
Q

Preparation stage

A

Intends to take action in the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction

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12
Q

Action stage

A

Has changed behavior for less than 6 months

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13
Q

Maintenance stage

A

Has changed behavior for more than 6mths

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14
Q

Define a theory and what it can do

A

Presents a systematic way of understanding situations

Set of concepts, definition and proposition

which can predict these events by illustrating relationships between the variables

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15
Q

What was the point of Kramish study in 1994?

A

Aim: improve dietary behaviours using tailored messages
Participants: persons visiting family practice clinics

Surveyed participants at the clinics for their dietary intake and stage they are at
Mailed participants newsletter within 3 weeks
Resurveyed participants after 4 months

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16
Q

What were the findings in kramish study?

A

Total Fat intake fell by 23% for tailored group, 9% for non-tailored and 3% for control.

No differences in fruit and vegetable intake

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17
Q

Briefly describe Diabetes Prevention Program

A

Aim: reduce and maintain a 7% weight loss + 150 minutes exercise

One-on-one counseling
16 lessons in the first 24 weeks
2 optional exercises per week
4-6 week group course

Disadvantage: costly
Limited continuing success if not accompanied by a supportive environment

18
Q

What constitutes the social cognitive theory?

A 
Reciprocal determinism
Behavioural capability
Expectations
Self-efficacy
Observational learning (modeling)
Reinforcement

REORBS

19
Q

Reciprocal determinid

A

The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior and the environment where the behavior is performed

20
Q

Behavioural capability

A

Knowledge and skill to perform a given behavior

21
Q

Expectation

A

Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour

22
Q

Self-efficacy

A

Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers

23
Q

Modeling

A

Behavioural acquisition when observing the actions and outcomes of others’ behaviour

24
Q

Reinforcement

A

Responses to a person’s behaviour that increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence

25
Q

Device a health intervention at a inter-personal level

A

Use of peers. Peer mentors are those people who have successfully faced a particular challenge. They are typically people of the same age, gender and ethnicity. They are also trained to provide intervention, act as role-models and provide social support,

26
Q

What kind of interventions could be done at the institutional level?

A

Changes in policies
changes in availability
changes in built environment
These changes are done to support behaviour change

27
Q

What is the name of the case-study on community level and what is it about?

A

Shape-up somerville. Used community based participatory research method (CBPR) where researchers involve community members in all aspects of research (design, implement).

28
Q

What is the aim of community based participatory research / shape-up somerville?

A

influence every part of a eleentary schoolchild’s day

29
Q

What were the major takeaways of the shape-up Somerville programme?

A

flexibility is important

30
Q

what were the barriers for participation?

A

lack of time
concern about profits
concern about waste
concern about consumer acceptance

31
Q

Give examples of publicity incentives

A

Articles and coupons in SUS newsletters
A series that spotlighted the mayor of somerville eating at approveed restaurants
catering opportunities at events, meetings and trainings
A guide that listed partcipating restaurant

32
Q

Provide examples of nutrition policies

A

Agricultural and trade policies - trans-fat legislation, fortification and supplementation
Pricing policies- subsidies and taxation
Nutrition education policies- dietary guidelines, nutrient labelling
Avertising policies

33
Q

What are the rationale for use of pricing strategies?

A

Price can determine food purchase behaviour

revenues generatred from taxes can be used to subsidize- cost of healthy food and drinks, costs related to improving built environment or providing community health programs

imperfect knowledge of adverse health consequences, people prefer short term gratification over LT effects

34
Q

Define Price elasticity demand

A

measure of sensitivity to price

used to estimate the effects of altering the price of food on the amount that is purchased

35
Q

PED=0

A

perfectly inelastic- qty dmd doesnt change with price

36
Q

0

A

inelastic

change in qty demanded less than change in price

37
Q

PE=1

A

unit elastic

change in qty demanded is equal to change in price

38
Q

PED>1

A

elastic

change in qty demanded more than change in price

39
Q

What are some factors that can affect Price elasticities?

A

Availability of close substitutes
Cost associated of switching between products- higher cost =inelastic
Necessity vs luxury - necessity more inelastic
Habitual consumption of food - inelastic
Proportion of income allocated to spending - high proportion means more elastic

CHAIN

40
Q

Define Own-PEs

A

changes in demand of an item due to changes in its own price

41
Q

Define Cross-PEs

A

change in demand of an item in response to price changes in another related food

sph2104 (10 decks)

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