Intervention Flashcards
What constitutes the health belief model?
Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived benefits Perceived barriers Cues to action Self-efficacy
Perceived susceptibility
Beliefs about the chances of getting a condition
Perceived severity
Beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and it’s consequences
Perceived benefits
Beliefs about the benefits of taking action to reduce risk of seriousness
Perceived barriers
Beliefs about the material and psychological costs of taking action
Cues to action
Factors that activate “readiness to change”
Self-efficacy
Confidence in one’s ability to take action
What’s are the states of change?
Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
Pre-contemplation stage
Has no intention of taking action for the next six months
Contemplation stage
Intention to take action in the next six months
Preparation stage
Intends to take action in the next 30 days and has taken some behavioral steps in this direction
Action stage
Has changed behavior for less than 6 months
Maintenance stage
Has changed behavior for more than 6mths
Define a theory and what it can do
Presents a systematic way of understanding situations
Set of concepts, definition and proposition
which can predict these events by illustrating relationships between the variables
What was the point of Kramish study in 1994?
Aim: improve dietary behaviours using tailored messages
Participants: persons visiting family practice clinics
Surveyed participants at the clinics for their dietary intake and stage they are at
Mailed participants newsletter within 3 weeks
Resurveyed participants after 4 months
What were the findings in kramish study?
Total Fat intake fell by 23% for tailored group, 9% for non-tailored and 3% for control.
No differences in fruit and vegetable intake
Briefly describe Diabetes Prevention Program
Aim: reduce and maintain a 7% weight loss + 150 minutes exercise
One-on-one counseling
16 lessons in the first 24 weeks
2 optional exercises per week
4-6 week group course
Disadvantage: costly
Limited continuing success if not accompanied by a supportive environment
What constitutes the social cognitive theory?
Reciprocal determinism Behavioural capability Expectations Self-efficacy Observational learning (modeling) Reinforcement
REORBS
Reciprocal determinid
The dynamic interaction of the person, behavior and the environment where the behavior is performed
Behavioural capability
Knowledge and skill to perform a given behavior
Expectation
Anticipated outcomes of a behaviour
Self-efficacy
Confidence in one’s ability to take action and overcome barriers
Modeling
Behavioural acquisition when observing the actions and outcomes of others’ behaviour
Reinforcement
Responses to a person’s behaviour that increase or decrease the likelihood of reoccurrence
Device a health intervention at a inter-personal level
Use of peers. Peer mentors are those people who have successfully faced a particular challenge. They are typically people of the same age, gender and ethnicity. They are also trained to provide intervention, act as role-models and provide social support,
What kind of interventions could be done at the institutional level?
Changes in policies
changes in availability
changes in built environment
These changes are done to support behaviour change
What is the name of the case-study on community level and what is it about?
Shape-up somerville. Used community based participatory research method (CBPR) where researchers involve community members in all aspects of research (design, implement).
What is the aim of community based participatory research / shape-up somerville?
influence every part of a eleentary schoolchild’s day
What were the major takeaways of the shape-up Somerville programme?
flexibility is important
what were the barriers for participation?
lack of time
concern about profits
concern about waste
concern about consumer acceptance
Give examples of publicity incentives
Articles and coupons in SUS newsletters
A series that spotlighted the mayor of somerville eating at approveed restaurants
catering opportunities at events, meetings and trainings
A guide that listed partcipating restaurant
Provide examples of nutrition policies
Agricultural and trade policies - trans-fat legislation, fortification and supplementation
Pricing policies- subsidies and taxation
Nutrition education policies- dietary guidelines, nutrient labelling
Avertising policies
What are the rationale for use of pricing strategies?
Price can determine food purchase behaviour
revenues generatred from taxes can be used to subsidize- cost of healthy food and drinks, costs related to improving built environment or providing community health programs
imperfect knowledge of adverse health consequences, people prefer short term gratification over LT effects
Define Price elasticity demand
measure of sensitivity to price
used to estimate the effects of altering the price of food on the amount that is purchased
PED=0
perfectly inelastic- qty dmd doesnt change with price
0
inelastic
change in qty demanded less than change in price
PE=1
unit elastic
change in qty demanded is equal to change in price
PED>1
elastic
change in qty demanded more than change in price
What are some factors that can affect Price elasticities?
Availability of close substitutes
Cost associated of switching between products- higher cost =inelastic
Necessity vs luxury - necessity more inelastic
Habitual consumption of food - inelastic
Proportion of income allocated to spending - high proportion means more elastic
CHAIN
Define Own-PEs
changes in demand of an item due to changes in its own price
Define Cross-PEs
change in demand of an item in response to price changes in another related food
