UN E-Government Survey 2 Flashcards
OSI Sub components:
Instituational Framework Components
- Existence of national government portal
- Information available on the organizational structure
- Links to any sub-national/local government institutions
- Privacy statement(s) available
- Digital ID to access online services
- National e-Government/Digital Government strategy
- Information on citizens’ rights to access government information
- Legislation/law/policy/regulation
OSI Sub components:
Service Provision Components
- Police online declaration
- Online driver’s license
- Online permits
- Online residentship
- Online certificate
- e-Procurement service
- Electricity/gas payment
- Evidence of One-Stop-Shop portal(s)
- Service provision on Income taxes
- Mobile service provision available
OSI Sub components:
Content Provision Components
- National portal(s) available in more than ONE official language
- Information available about payments for government services through channels other than online
- Announcements of forthcoming procurement/ bidding processes
- Information about service provision in partnership with the private sector
- Evidence of free access to services through kiosks, community centers, post offices, libraries, public spaces, or free Wi-Fi
- Web statistics on usage of the online features/services
- Information on available scholarships or other forms of government funding for EDUCATION
- Alerts for weather and natural disasters
- Facilitation of free internet access
- Health information, Environmental information etc
OSI Sub components:
“Technial” Components
- Contact details
- Browser compatibility
- Ease of portal finding
- Mobile device accessibility
- Internal search mechanism
- Online user support
- Personal data accessibility
- Government portal(s) can be found on the first results page of any search engine typically used in that country
OSI Sub components:
Participation Components
- Municipality responsiveness emails
- Budget-related information
- Open data provision
- Real time communication
- Social networking features
- e-Voting
- E-participation portal(s)
- Information about the organization of competitions/ hackathons/ events around the use of open government data
- Availability of GIS or other geospatial data
10.
Are the online service index assessment questions available to the public?
No
Where can the features assessed in the UN E-Government Survey be found?
In the Annex of the survey
How many thematic areas do the OSI assessment questions cover?
5
What are the subindices formed by the OSI assessment questions?
Institutional Framework, Services Provision, Content Provision, Technology, E-Participation
Where can the latest publication of the UN E-Government Survey be found?
https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us
What is the most comprehensive update to the E-Government Survey assessment in 2022?
Refined formula for generating the Online Service Index
What does the new approach introduce to the OSI?
Standardization and normalization regimen
to further align the OSI with Local Online Service Index (LOSI)
What does the availability of government information and services in multiple languages or through multiple channels facilitate?
Access and inclusiveness
How many Member States have portals with content available in more than one official language?
80%
How many countries proactively share web statistics on usage?
Less than half (91)
What type of information on usage do countries share?
Web statistics
What procedure is implemented for each component indicator?
Z- score standardization
What would the EGDI depend on without Z-score standardization?
The component index with the greatest dispersion
After Z-score standardization, what becomes a good statistical indicator?
Arithmetic average sum
What does ‘equal weights’ in this context mean?
‘Equal importance’
How is the overall EGDI calculated?
Arithmetic average of three component indexes
Why are the component indexes normalized?
To fall between 0 and 1
What is the formula for calculating the standard score?
z = (x - mu) / standard deviation
OSI sub-indices:
How are the weights assigned to the subindices?
Based on relative proportion of questions
What are the five categories used in the assessment?
E-participation, Provision of Services, IF, Content provision, Technology
OSI sub-indices:
How are the scores for each category tallied?
They are standardized and weighted
OSI sub-indices:
What is the formula for calculating the overall total score for a country?
Sum of standardized and weighted scores of each subindex
OSI Sub-indices:
How are the final scores normalized?
Using a formula to yield an OSI value between 0 and 1
OSI sub-indices:
What is the weight of each sub-index?
E-participation 35%
Provision of Services 45%
IF 10%
Content provision 5%
Technology 5%
What is the formula for calculating the online index value for a given country?
[(Actual total score - Lowest total score) / Range]
What does TII stand for?
Telecommunication Infrastructure Index
What are the four indicators used in the Telecommunication Infrastructure Index?
estimated internet users, number of mobile subscribers, number of wireless broadband subscriptions, number of fixed broadband subscriptions
What does ‘Internet users per 100 inhabitants’ refer to?
individuals who used the Internet from any location in the last three months
What is ‘Mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants’?
Number of mobile service subscriptions in the last three months
What does ‘Active mobile-broadband subscriptions’ refer to?
Total of data and voice mobile-broadband subscriptions used to access the Internet at broadband speeds
What is a subscription fee required for?
Accessing the Internet
What must users have done in the previous three months to qualify for a subscription?
Accessed the Internet
What does ‘Fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants’ mean?
Fixed subscriptions to high-speed Internet or TCP/IP connection
What are some examples of fixed/wired broadband subscriptions?
Cable modem, DSL, fiber-to-home/building
What types of broadband subscriptions are excluded from the TII?
Mobile-cellular network subscriptions
Has the TII changed since 2002?
No
What components have been used in past TII surveys?
Internet users and mobile-cellular phone subscriptions
However, given the availability of suitable data, several replacements were introduced during the years
Have there been any replacements in the TII?
Yes
What indicator replaced the ‘wireless broadband subscriptions’ in 2018?
Active mobile-broadband subscriptions
Why has the number of fixed-telephone subscriptions been decreasing?
Advancements in communication technologies and preference for mobile communications and internet-based alternatives
Why was the component of ‘fixed-telephone subscriptions’ removed from the index calculation in 2020?
It is not an accurate representation of telecommunication infrastructure capacity
Therefore, in 2020, the component of “fixed-telephone subscriptions” has been removed from the index calculation.
What is the TELECOMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX (TII)?
An index that is equally decided by four component indicators
What is the purpose of implementing the Z-score standardization procedure for each component indicator?
To ensure that the TII is equally decided by all components
What happens if the Z-score standardization treatment is not implemented?
The TII would mainly depend on the component index with the greatest dispersion
How is the standard score calculated in the Z-score standardization procedure?
By subtracting the population mean from an individual raw score and dividing the difference by the population standard deviation
What is the telecommunication infrastructure composite value?
The simple arithmetic mean of four standardized indicators.
What are the four standardized indicators used to calculate the composite value?
Internet user Z-score, Mobile/Cellular telephone subscription Z-score, Active mobile broadband subscription Z-score, Fixed-broadband subscription Z-score.
How is the TII composite value normalized?
By subtracting the lowest composite value and dividing by the range of composite values for all countries.
What is the Human Capital Index (HCI)?
Weighted average composite of four indicators
What are the four indicators used to calculate HCI?
- Adult literacy rate
- Combined gross enrolment ratio
- Expected years of schooling
- Mean years of schooling
Why were digital literacy indicators not used in this survey?
Insufficient data on digital literacy
What is Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) or Gross Enrollment Index (GEI)?
A statistical measure used to determine the number of students enrolled in school at different grade levels.
and use it to show the ratio of the number of students who live in that country to those who qualify for the particular grade level
How is Gross Enrollment Ratio calculated?
By dividing the total enrollment by the population in the corresponding age group.
What does Gross Enrollment Ratio show?
The ratio of students living in a country to those who qualify for a specific grade level.
What does UNESCO define Gross Enrollment Ratio as?
The total enrollment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the population in the corresponding age group.
What are the two factors that expected years of schooling estimates are based on?
Enrolment by age & number of children of school age
What is taken into account when calculating mean and expected years of schooling?
Duration of each level of education
HCI components:
How are the component indicators standardized?
Z-score procedure
What is the human capital composite value for Country X?
Weighted arithmetic mean
What did the replacement of “fixed Internet subscriptions” do with in 2014?
wireless broadband subscriptions
When did the removal of “number of television sets” occur?
2008
How much weight is assigned to the gross enrollment ratio?
2/9
How much weight is assigned to the adult literact?
1/3
How much weight is assigned to the Both components of Years of schooling?
2/9
What features does the UN survey questionnaire assess related to online service delivery?
whole-of-government approaches, e-participation, multi-channel service delivery, usage uptake, digital divide, open government data, mobile services, innovative partnerships
What is whole-of-government?
agencies working across portfolio boundaries to achieve integrated responses to the issues of policy development, program management and service delivery
What is the importance of whole-of-government according to the SDGs?
critical for integrating sustainable development dimensions in a holistic and cross-sectorial manner at all levels.
Why should integration of services be seen as a means and not an end?
To address complex problems collaboratively.
What are the societal forces driving the movement towards integration of services?
Complex problems, citizen demand for more personalized and accessible public services, and internet opportunities presented by the Internet to transform the way the government works for the people.
What is the global trend in public administration regarding service integration?
Moving from isolated silos to formal & informal networks.
How should governments exploit the potential of ICTs?
Through coherent public sector wide policies aligned with SDGs
Why adopt a whole-of-government approach?
Effective and coordinated policy responses
Being successful requires a whole-of-government approach across ministries and agencies and between levels, as well as partnerships with non-government actors.
What is a benefit of a whole-of-government approach?
Enhanced efficiency by reducing duplication of processes and procedures in program management and service delivery
What support does the whole of government approach need?
Must be supported by a high-level political will, an example of which is an effective cross-government institution with clearly earmarked financial resources and decision-making powers
What is one benefit of integrating services?
Better service delivery
How does e-government now differ from the early 2000s?
Ongoing shift from the traditional technocratic e-government approach of the early 2000s to a digital development agenda that is Policy oriented, Data Centric and politically driven
Whole of government approach:
How to increase public value?
by promoting collaboration and coordination with private sector and civil society in the delivery of services and wealth creation through social innovation
How has e-government expanded and evolved?
From siloed approaches to whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches
What is digitalization doing to the way Governments operate?
Redefining and transforming
What are some efforts to promote whole of government?
Citizen friendly portals and websites
What is one feature of whole of government efforts?
Links to other ministries and institutions
Also Well defined sections such as e-services, social media, open government & Search results remain in the government sites.
What is e-participation?
Electronic participation of citizens and business community in e-government.
Promoting Participation of the citizens is the cornerstone of socially inclusive governance.
What is the goal of e-participation initiatives?
Should be to o improve the citizen’s access to information and public services and promote participation in public decision making which impacts the well-being of society in general and the individual in particular.
What does the concept of ‘leaving no one behind’ extend to?
‘inclusive digital participation’
What is civic participation equated with?
‘voting in elections’
Apart from voting in elections, what does public participation and citizen engagement extend to?
‘shaping public policies’ and ‘determining public service delivery’
What can e-participation serve as?
‘a catalyst for citizen engagement’ and in achieving the objectives of the 2030 Agenda
What does e-participation aim to achieve?
Increasing e-information and enhancing e-consultation and Supporting e-decision-making
e-decision-making by empowering people through co-design of policy options and co-production of service components and delivery modalities.
Does e-participation replace traditional forms of public participation?
No, it does not replace traditional forms
How should governments reach different social groups in their population?
By deploying the optimal mix of online and offline modalities
What features are assessed related to e-participation?
Archived information, datasets, access to government website in multiple languages, social networking features, e-consultation mechanisms, tools to obtain public opinion.
Recommendation:
What is the outcome of ICTs and digital tools be used to enhance the spread of information?
citizen engagement.
Reccomendation:
What is the importance of integrating offline and online communication tools?
Enhancing policy-making and service enhancements
Recommendation:
What needs to work effectively for e-participation to reach all?
Formal and informal institutions
Recommendation:
What may need to be updated to cover the digital arena for participation rights?
Constitutions, national bills of rights, and legislation
What is the importance of enabling legislation?
provides freedom of information or protects the privacy of individuals can also include online protections.
What is the role of designated public institutions in implementing online protections?
Translate legal protections into civic realities
What are informal institutions that are important for promoting e-inclusion?
Social networks and allied e-business interests
What can governments do to increase the chance of success for their e-participation strategy?
Benefit from platforms and channels already being used by citizens rather than creating new ones
Why promoting a clear idea and understanding of e-participation?
Help those groups that are difficult to reach
What should governments encourage to promote e-participation?
Issues-related participation and provide consistent feedback on consultations to the public
What can ICTs help governments become through e-participation?
Better listeners and more agile partners in sustainable development efforts
What are some methods that public managers and policy-makers can use to better understand the needs and aspirations of people?
Participatory budgeting, data mining, and interaction on social media
What is an example of a newer method of outreach for public managers?
Crowdsourcing
can be effective methods of communication at the local level
How can governments increase the likelihood of success for e-participation strategies?
Utilize platforms and channels already in use by citizens
