Sustainable development Flashcards
What is the risk of missing out on e-government services?
Consequences of Lack of access and inability of disadvantaged groups
Diminishes social inclusion and weakens social and economic development programs
Who is more likely to miss out on e-government services?
Disadvantaged groups
Disadvantaged groups are often more in need of governments services but are more likely to miss out on what e-government has to offer
How does lack of access to e-government services affect the underprivileged?
Underprivileged are deeply reliant on public services
They become more excluded
They lack access and/or skills become even more excluded due to their inability to access such services
What is the definition of a vulnerable or disadvantaged person in the context of e-government?
a vulnerable or disadvantaged person
Unable to access online information or e-services or for whom such access requires a disproportionate level of effort, with this lack of access placing that individual at a disadvantage
This term is applied to groups of people (children, pregnant women, elderly people, malnourished people, prisoners, migrants and refugees, people who uses drugs, and people who are ill or immune compromized, etc.) who, due to factors usually considered outside their control, do not have the same opportunities as other, more fortunate groups in society
What is marginalization?
Lack of opportunities for certain groups
Who are some examples of marginalized groups?
Children, pregnant women, elderly, malnourished, prisoners, migrants, refugees, drug users, and the ill or immune compromised
Is marginalization intentional or unintentional?
Can be both
May be intentional or unintentional, and very often, intersectionality adds another layer of complexity.
What is intersectionality?
Adds complexity to marginalization
What may result in being left behind in e-government development?
High connectivity costs or inability to access services or participate in consultative processes.
Why may vulnerable populations be overlooked in e-government development?
One-size-fits-all approach (such as a digital- by-default policy) or failure to consider power dynamics
Who is most susceptible to digital exclusion?
Socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals and groups
In some cases, such exclusion may be deliberate in the sense that it results from discrimination, injustice, the denial of services, the absence of legal status or exclusionary policies.
What can serve as an equalizer in the face of digital inequality?
Accessible e-government
if it is accessible to all members of society.
What does inclusion in e-government mean?
Utilizing digital platforms for public services that optimize, automate and accelerate the provision of traditional public services.
Why is digital inclusion important?
It is a necessity for all individuals
Every individual — regardless of age, race, gender, ethnicity, legal status, place of residence, or socioeconomic status — is entitled to basic rights and services, including e- government services.
What does the digital divide reflect?
Longstanding structural inequalities
Who is most likely to be digitally excluded?
Vulnerable populations
While vulnerable populations may stand to benefit most from digital and learning technologies, they are also the most likely to be digitally excluded.
What role can public institutions play in addressing the digital divide?
Identifying marginalized individuals and directing resources
Funding and resources are directed towards addressing any gaps identified.
Vicious Intergenerational Cycle of Poverty
What factors can lead to discrimination or deepen disadvantage?
Conditions associated with poverty
How can barriers contribute to the perpetuation of poverty?
By preventing vulnerable populations from accessing microcredit and employment
What impact does limited voice in policy processes have on poverty?
It deepens the intergenerational cycle of poverty
The individuals and populations affected have little or no voice in policy design, formulation and implementation.
Why might people remain poor even if they gain economic means?
Because they’re excluded from decision-making and society
What is lacking in terms of digital access for economically disadvantaged populations?
Services they need online
Even if economically disadvantaged populations are able to gain digital access, relatively few countries are offering the services they need online.
How many countries allow people to apply for unemployment benefits online?
48
How many countries provide a digital option for applying for social protection programs?
social protection programs such as maternity care, child subsidies, pensions, housing or food allowances
58
Both within and between countries:
What does lower income usually correlate with?
lower rate of internet penetration and e-government implementation
What is a major concern in the ‘States’?
E-government uptake
What does a significant portion of the population lose access lose access to as more services are moved online?
job openings, healthcare, education, and other government services
Who are the ‘digital poor’?
Those who are left behind due to certain inherent or perceived characteristics
or are in situations that effectively prevent them from accessing the digital opportunities enjoyed by others.
What is digital poverty?
An added dimension that further disadvantages already disadvantaged groups.
What are e-health inequalities?
Differences in the opportunity to use the Internet for health services.
it present a major challenge for developing as well as developed countries.
Why are e-health inequalities a challenge?
They can lead to new health inequalities.
if e-health implementation occurs at the expense of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.
Who is likely to benefit less from e-government development?
The most disadvantaged groups.
What did a US Federal Communication Commission’s report (2010) find?
Growing broadband needs driven by e-health data and large file exchange
e.g., 3D imaging
This is leading to “connectivity disparity” between different ethnic groups and geographies in the country
What is connectivity disparity?
Unequal access to broadband based on ethnicity and geography
US Federal Communication Commission’s report (2010)
What broadband service do health providers often use in poor communities?
Lower level of broadband service
