UMN vs LMN Injury, Movement Disorder Terms, D1/D2 patterns Flashcards
What is the difference between Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Disease in regards to:
Reflexes
UMN: Hyperactive
LMN: Diminished or Absent
What is the difference between Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Disease in regards to:
Atrophy
UMN: Mild to Disuse
LMN: Present
What is the difference between Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Disease in regards to:
Fasciculations
UMN: Absent
LMN: Present
What is the difference between Upper Motor Neuron and Lower Motor Neuron Disease in regards to:
Tone
UMN: Hypertonic
LMN: Hypotonic to Flaccid
What is Akinesia?
Inability to initiate movement (Parkinson’s Disease)
What is Ataxia?
Inability to perform coordinated movements
What is Athetosis?
SLOW twisting and writhing
What is Bradykinesia?
Slow movements
What is Chorea?
Movements that are sudden, random and involuntary
What is the Clasp-Knife Response?
Greater resistance at the beginning of ROM than at the end in a hypertonic joint
What is Clonus?
Involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of muscle from quick stretch reflex (UMN lesion)
What is Cogwheel Rigidity?
Resistance to movement has a phasic quality (Parkinson’s Disease)
What is dysdiadochokinesia?
Inability to perform RAPIDLY alternating movements
What is Dysmetria?
Inability to control range of movement and force of muscular activity
What is Dystonia?
Like athetois, however, larger axial muscle involvement rather than appendicular muscles
What are Fasciculations?
Muscular twitch caused by random discharge of a LMN and it’s muscle fibers (LMN Disease)
What is Lead Pipe Rigidity?
Form of rigidity where there is uniform & constant resistance to ROM (Basal Ganglia Lesion)
What is Rigidity?
State of severe hypertonicity where a sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movement at a specific joint
What is a Tremor?
Involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements (Basal Ganglia Lesion)
What is a Resting Tremor?
Observable at rest. May or may not disappear with movement.
What is a Postural Tremor?
Observed during voluntary contraction to maintain posture (ex: hyperthyroidism, fatigue, & anxiety)
What is an Intension (Kinetic) Tremor?
Absent at rest
Observable with activity -> increase at target approaches
(ex: MS)
What is the D1 Pattern for the Upper Extremity?
Bowling
Flexion: up and in
Extension: down and back
What is the D2 Pattern for the Upper Extremity?
Sword & Pizza
Flexion: Pizza
Extension: Sword
