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CRG RUSVM GA2 > UMN and LMN systems > Flashcards

UMN and LMN systems Flashcards

1
Q

what efferent cells are necessary to connect the brain and the target organ

A

The first is the UMN

The second is the LMN

both are descending motor pathways

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2
Q

UMN:

A

upper motor neurons

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3
Q

LMN:

A

Lower motor neurons

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4
Q

where are the cell bodies of the UMN

A

in the cortex and brainstem

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5
Q

where do UMN terminate

A

UMN terminate and synapse on lower motor neurons in the spinal cord

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6
Q

How do UMN effect the LMN

A

UMN influence LMN activity (including reflexes)

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7
Q

where are the cell bodies of the LMN

A

LMN have cell bodies in the CNS spinal cord

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8
Q

What is the function of the LMN

A

LMN innervate motor unit (muscle)

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9
Q

Lesions to UMN and LMN cause predictable outcomes with regard to (6)

A
  1. motor function
  2. muscle tone
  3. reflexes
  4. muscle atrophy
  5. proprioception
  6. sensation
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10
Q

UMNs function to:

A

initiate voluntary activity of muscle

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11
Q

what two systems do the Axons of the UMN use to travel down the spinal cord

A
  1. Dorsalateral motor system
  2. Ventromedial motor system (funiculus)
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12
Q

what is the funiculus

A

the funiculuc is a bundle of nerves forming one tract of white matter in the spinal cord

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13
Q

What are the two ways LMN can be stimulated

A
  1. Concious effort
    1. UMN
  2. Reflexes
    1. interneuron
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14
Q

what does it mean when it says “UMN motor pathways have Somatotopy”

A

point for point correspondence of an area of the body (or function) to a specific point on the central nervous system

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15
Q

what is the function of the UMN dorsolateral system

A
  • Fractionated
  • fine/precise movements
  • especially distal limb movements
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16
Q

what muscle systems does the UMN dorsolateral system focus on

A
  • Distal more than proximal
  • Flexors more than extensors
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17
Q

what is the muscle system focus of the UMN Ventromedial system

A
  • Proximal more than distal
  • Extensors more than flexors
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18
Q

what is the primary function of the UMN Ventromedial system

A
  • Posture and balance
  • Whole limb movement
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19
Q

what are the CS of damage to the dorsolateral motor system

A

decreased or absent voluntary movements of the fine motor (mostly flexor) systems caudal to the site of damage

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20
Q

What are the CS of damage to the Ventromedial Motor Systems

A

decreased or absent voluntary movement of the whole limb (mostly extensor) system caudal to the site of damage

21
Q

Transverse damage to the spine will have CS from which neuron system

A

both UMN and LMN

22
Q

with Transverse damage to the spine where will you see UMN CS

A

caudal to a spinal lesion

23
Q

with transverse damage to the spine where would you see LMN CS

A

you will see LMN CS at the site of the spinal lesion

24
Q

what are the CS of LMN damage

A
  1. Paresis or paralysis
  2. Decreased to absent muscle tone
  3. Decreased to absent reflexes
  4. Rapid onset muscle atrophy
  5. EMG and histological changes in affected mm
25
Q

what are the CS of UMN damage

A
  1. Paresis to paralysis
  2. Normal to increased muscle tone clonus
  3. Normal to increased spinal reflexes
  4. Slow muscle atrophy
  5. EMG activity is unaltered and no histological changes in the affected mm.
26
Q

what is the somatic innervation of the urinary bladder

A

Pudendal nerve (S1-S3)

27
Q

what is the PSNS innervation of the urinary bladder

A

Pelvic n. (S1-S3)

28
Q

what is the SNS innervation of the urinary bladder

A

Hypogastric n. (lumbar)

29
Q

what does the pudendal nerve provide to the urethra

A

sensory/afferent innervation

30
Q

what type of innervation does the pudendal nerve provide to the urethralis muscle

A
  • motor/efferent
  • (external urethral sphincter)
  • providing voluntary control of micturation
31
Q

What reflex does the pudendal n cause at the Urethralis and what type of nerve is it

A

Efferent n of the reflex closure of the urethralis m. at the external urethral sphincter

32
Q

what sensory innervation of the bladder is provided by the pelvic n.

A

visceral afferent (stretch bladder wall)

33
Q

what muscle of the bladder is innervated by the pelvic n. and its function

A
  • Detrussor m.
    • involuntary smooth muscle contraction of the bladder wall
34
Q

what does the hypogastric n inhibit

A

inhibits the action on the detrussor m

35
Q

What does the hypogastric n stimulate

A

stimulatory to smooth m of the sphincter at the bladder neck

36
Q

what nerve is stimulated by urine filling and stretching the bladder wall

A

stimulates visceral afferents (pelvic n.)

afferents travel to cortex to make animal aware of the need to urinate

37
Q

what nerve is stimulated by tiny amounts of urine leaking into the proximal urethra

A

stimulates the somatic afferent (pudendal n.)

-Afferents to the cortex make animal aware of the need to urinate

38
Q

which nerve controls the reflex contraction of the urethralis m

A

efferent pudendal n

39
Q

which nerve allows for somatic voluntary control of urethralis m.

A

efferent pudendal n

40
Q

what nerve gives of sympathetic fibers that inhibit contraction of detrussor m.

A

hypogastric nerve

41
Q

what are the two nerves that alert the animal to the need to urinate

A
  • pudendal
  • pelvic
42
Q

what nerve handles the conscious voluntary motor relaxation of urethralis m

A

Pudendal n

43
Q

Parasympathetic fibers of which nerve induce contraction of detrussor m.

A

pelvic n.

44
Q

how can UMN an LMN damage affect the bladder

A

LMN and UMN damage can cause incontinence

45
Q

Where would an UMN lesion be located to induce urinary incontinence

A

lesion is cranial to sacral spinal cord segments

46
Q

Where would an LMN lesion be located to induce urinary incontinence

A

result from lesions of spine S1-S3 segments or nerves emanating from there (pelvic n. and pudendal n.)

47
Q

what are the UMN bladder CS

A
  1. Severe bladder distention
  2. incontinent
  3. Resistance to manual expression
48
Q

what are the CS of LMN bladder

A
  1. Continuous leakage

CRG RUSVM GA2 (8 decks)

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