Avian Male anatomy Flashcards
what is the functions of the scrotum
-protects and supports the testes
_____-dual chambered pouch
scrotum
what does each half of the scrotum contain
-testis, epididymis, distal spermaticord
epididymis:
- Head, body, tail
- maturation annd storage of spermatoza
Spermaticord: is made up of
composed of ductus deferens, testicular VAN, and mesoductus deferens+mesorchium
what are the layers of the scrotum
- Outer skin with tunica dartos m.
- spermatic fascia
- vaginal tunic
what layers make up the vaginal tunic
- parietal
- visceral-vaginal cavity
what is the blood supply to the scrotum
-External pudendal A
what muscle becomes the cremaster M.
-the caudal slip of the internal abdominal oblique M.
what it the main function of the Cremaster M
-pull testis closer to body
what is the function of the testicular vein
thermoregulation
what are the layers surrounding the testis
- inner most: tunica albuginea
- visceral vaginal tunic
- Outer: parietal vaginal tunic
What is the decent
the migration of the testies from near the kidneys to the scrotum
what is phase 1 of descent
Extra-abdominal gubernaculum increases in size and dilates the inguinal canal to allow the testis to pass through
what is phase 2 of descent
The gubernaculum regresses and makes room for the testis
Cryptorchidism
- hidden testicle
- when one or both testes did not descend and are retained in the abdominal cavity/inguinal canal
What makes an open castration “open”
- when it goes through the parietal vaginal tunic
- this opens the vaginal cavity to the abdomen
what makes a closed castration “closed”
- when the castration only goes through fascia and not the parietal vaginal tunic
- this does not expose vaginal cavity to open air.
Function of the proper ligament of the testis
attaches the testis to the epididymis
what is the function of the ‘ligament of the tail of the epididymis’
- attaches the tail of the epididymis to the layers of the vaginal tunic
Scrotal ligament function
-attaches the tail of the scrotum to the tunica dartos m
function of the ductus deferens
transport sperm from tail to urethra
where does the ductus deferens open into the urethra
Colliculus seminalis
what is the genital fold
-peritoneal fold between each ductus deferens
what is the path taken by the ductus deferens
- from the tail of the epididymis
- under the lateral ligament of the urinary bladder as it runs dorsal
- to the pelvic urethra
what are the types of penises
- Musculocavernous
- Fibroelastic
what type of penis do stallion, dog, humans, and cats have
Musculocavernous
what type of penis do bull, boars, ram have
fibroelastic
which type of penis has a sigmoid flexure
fibroelastic
what is the characteristics of the erectile tissue of the fibroelastic penis
-there is little amount of erectile tissue
what is the characteristics of the the erectile tissue in the musculocavernous penis
there is a large amount of erectile tissue
how does a penis achieve an erection
-via relaxation of the retractor penis muscle and the erectile tissue filling with blood
what are the types of erectile tissue
- Corpus cavernosum
- corpus spongiosum
what is located within the corpus spongiosum
the corpus spongiosum surrounds the penile urethra and cd pelvic urethra
what are the parts of the penis
-Roots, Body, Glans
Root of the penis is made of
- 2 cura
- bulb
- m.s
what is the body of the penis
the intermediate between the root and glans
where is the glans penis and what is it made of
- the most distal part
- Bulbous glandis, Pars longa glandis, Os penis
where is the crus of the penis located
proximal end of the corpus cavernosum
what is the function of the crus of the penis
anchors the penis at the ischiatic arch
what covers the crus of the penis
the crus is covered by the ischiocavernousus m.
where is the bulb of the penis located
between two crura
what is the bulb of the penis covered by
the bulb of the penis is covered by bulbospongiosus m.
where is the ischiocavernosus m
near the root of the penis
where is the bulbospongiosus
-it overlaps with the bulb of the penis
