Umar's ADMINISTRATION Flashcards
What was Hazrat Umar’s approach to governance during his Khilafat?
- Hazrat Umar conquered a vast empire during his ten-year Khilafat and established an effective administration system.
- Despite ruling a mighty empire, he lived a simple life, saying:
“Nothing is Halal for me and for my family from Allah’s money except a dress for summer and a dress for winter and a salary equal to the income of an average citizen. I am no more than an ordinary Muslim amongst you.”
How did Hazrat Umar (RA) involve democracy in the constitution of the Islamic State?
- He established the Majlis-e-Shura, consisting of prominent Muhajirin and Ansar companions, and consulted them on all matters.
- He also created the Majlis-e-Aam, including representatives of various tribes, which met on special occasions.
What reforms did Hazrat Umar make in the judiciary?
- Hazrat Umar established an independent judiciary under the Qazi.
- Even the Caliph could be summoned to court, as demonstrated when he was called to court but was displeased when the judge stood up to show respect.
How did Hazrat Umar organize the administrative structure of the State?
- He divided the State into Provinces, each governed by a Wali or Ameer, who served as the military, administrative, and religious head.
- Provinces were further divided into districts overseen by Amils
What were Hazrat Umar’s policies for managing the Bait-ul-Maal (Public Treasury)?
After meeting State expenditures, surplus wealth was distributed among Muslims based on three principles:
- Relationship with the Prophet (PBUH), Priority of conversion to Islam, and Military service to Islam.
How did Hazrat Umar ensure transparency and prevent corruption in government?
- Appointments were made after consulting the Majlis-e-Shura.
- Appointees gave a written undertaking to live a simple Islamic life, submitted property details, and faced accountability during Hajj.
- Secret officers monitored public servants.
What was the role of the Diwan established by Hazrat Umar?
- The Diwan regulated the receipt and expenditure of revenues, ensuring efficient financial management.
- Economic prosperity during Umar’s caliphate was so high that there were almost no citizens in need of zakat.
Which cities and infrastructure did Hazrat Umar develop?
- Hazrat Umar founded cities like Basra, Kufa, Musal, and Fustat, constructed highways, roads, and outposts, and surveyed conquered lands.
What contributions did Hazrat Umar make to education and religious development?
- He constructed mosques, schools, and sent teachers to villages to teach the Quran.
- He also introduced the Muslim Hijri Calendar, old-age pensions, a census, police, jails, and a canal system for farmers.
How did Hazrat Umar (RA) organize the military?
- The army was divided into cavalry and infantry, with soldiers living in cantonments.
- Hazrat Umar prioritized the welfare of soldiers.
How did Hazrat Umar (RA) ensure the welfare of minorities (Dhimmis)?
- He consulted their representatives to address their matters and ensured their well-being under Islamic governance.
Why is Hazrat Umar (RA)’s administration considered unparalleled in Islamic history?
- His reforms in governance, judiciary, finances, infrastructure, education, and military, alongside his commitment to justice and simplicity, made his caliphate a golden period in Islamic history.
