Ultrastructure of Eukaryotic cells and staining

Question 1

What is meant by a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells make up complex multicellular organisms, e.g. plants, animals and fungi

Question 2

What is the main feature of Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

They have a membrane bound nucleus and cytoplasm which contains membrane bound cellular compartments (Organelles)

Question 3

What is meant by ‘cytoskeleton’ and what is its role?

Answer 3

Cytoskeleton refers to the framework network of fibres responsible for the structure, stability and movements of the cell and organelles within the cell.

Question 4

What are the 3 key components of the city-skeleton?

Answer 4

• Microfilaments
• Intermediate filaments
• Microtubules

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

• Site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Centriole

Answer 6

• Involved in the cytoskeleton

- 2 centrioles form the centrosome which is involved with the spindle fibre and during cell division

Question 7

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 7

• Similar structure to Rough ER

- Responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage.

Question 8

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 8

• Similar structure to Smooth ER

- Modifies and packs proteins into vesicles

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

• Responsible for breaking down waste materials from the cell
• Involved in the immune response as breakdown pathogens that are ingested by phagocytic cells

Question 10

Flagellum

Answer 10

• Provides movement of a cell

- Senses chemical changes in the cells environment

Question 11

Nuclear Pores and Nuclear Envelopes

Answer 11

• Nuclear pore is a protein lined channel controlling movement of molecules in a in out of the nucleus and cytoplasm.
• Nuclear envelope surround the nucleus and it safe-guards the DNA inside.