Biological Molecules: Amino Acids and Proteins Flashcards
What are the four groups in and Amino acid?
- Amine
- Hydrogen
- Carboxyl
- R-group
How many R-groups are there?
20
What do amino acids contain?
C,H,O,N sometimes S
What are the function of proteins?
- Enzymes
- Antibody
- Hormones an neurotransmitters
- Structural component (keratin, elastin, collagen)
The chemicals in a Non-polar R-group
CH
The chemicals in a Polar R-group
OH or NH
The chemicals in a +Charge R-group
NH2
The chemicals in a -Charged R-group
= O
C
- O
Making a protein form AA
- Condensation reaction
- Between carboxyl group of one AA and the amine group of another
- Releasing water water and a peptide bond
What is the polypeptide backbone?
C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C-N-C-C
The primary structure is determined by …
The sequence of AA
The Secondary structure is determined by …
The folding of the polypeptide backbone.
What are the two shapes that the secondary structure can form into?
Alpha helix
Beta pleat
What bonds are present in the secondary structure?
Hydrogen bonds
The tertiary structure is determined by …
The folding of the secondary structure into the final 3D shape of the protein.
What bonds stabilise the tertiary structure …
- Disulphide bond
- Ionic bonds
- Hydrophilic/phobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
Why does the protein fold into its final tertiary shape?
- To prevent their hydrophobic R-groups coming into contact with water molecules
What are the two main 3D shapes for a final tertiary shape?
- Globular
- Fibrous
What are the properties and function of a globular protein?
- Metabolic role
- Enzymes, Hormones and Antibodies
- Soluble
What are the properties and function of a fibrous protein?
- Structural role
- Collagen, Keratin and Elastin
- Insoluble
