Biological Molecules: Protien synthesis Flashcards
Protein synthesis is a 2 part process
Transcription followed by Translation
Transcription is the first step this involves
Copying a DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule
The main enzyme involved in transcription is _______
it’s function is to
RNA polymerase
Link nucleotides to form an RNA strand
Transcription has 3 stages
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
Initiation is when RNA ______ binds to a section of DNA called the ______ found near the beginning of a ____. Once bound the RNA ______ separates the DNA strand providing the _____ ____ _______.
Polymerase Promoter Gene Polymerase Single Strand Template
Elongation is when The template strand acts as a template for the RNA polymerase as it ______ it one base at a time. The polymerase builds an RNA ______ out of ______ _______. The RNA transcript contains the same information as the non-template strand of DNA but instead uses the base _____ (U) instead of Thymine (T)
Reads
Molecule
Complimentary nucleotides
Uracil
Termination is when sequences called ______ signal that the RNA ______ is complete. Once they are transcribed, the cause the _______ to be ______ from the RNA polymerase. Finally creating the molecule known as mRNA.
Terminators
Transcript
Transcript
Released
mRNA facts
- Transfers info from DNA in the nucleus to the …
- Is complimentary to the ______ strand
- Leaves the nucleus via …
- Cytoplasm
- Anti-sense
- Nuclear pores
There are 3 different types of RNA what are they?
mRNA = messenger tRNA = transfer rRNA = ribosomal
tRNA facts
- ______ stranded polynucleotide
- Folded into a _______ shape stabilised by ____________ bonds between complimentary base pairs
- Each tRNA contains 3 unpaired bases at its base called _________
- Each of these is ________ to one _____ on mRNA
- Double
- Clover
- Phosphodiester bonds
- Anticodon
- Complimentary
- Codon
Ribosomes are made of _____ and _____
- rRNA
- Proteins
A ribosome binds the the ______ so that ___ bases (2 codons) are exposed to the the large subunit at the same time.
- mRNA
- 6
What is the first codon (start codon) and what aa does the tRNA with this anticodon carry?
AUG
methionine (met tRNA)
When the met tRNA binds to the first 3 bases on the mRNA what bond does it form and where?
It forms a H-Bond between it’s anticodon and its complimentary bases.
After met tRNA another tRNA binds to the next 3 bases via the same process. 2 aa are next to each other. What bond is formed between the bond using what enzyme?
They form a peptide bond with the enzyme peptidyl transferase.
This process of binding and the formation of a polypeptide chain continues until a “stop” anticodon is introduced. What are these anticodons and why do they stop the process?
The “stop” anticodons are UAA, UAC, UAG and they stop the process as they have no complimentary anticodon.
