Biological Molecules: Protien synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Protein synthesis is a 2 part process

A

Transcription followed by Translation

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2
Q

Transcription is the first step this involves

A

Copying a DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule

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3
Q

The main enzyme involved in transcription is _______

it’s function is to

A

RNA polymerase

Link nucleotides to form an RNA strand

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4
Q

Transcription has 3 stages

A
  • Initiation
  • Elongation
  • Termination
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5
Q

Initiation is when RNA ______ binds to a section of DNA called the ______ found near the beginning of a ____. Once bound the RNA ______ separates the DNA strand providing the _____ ____ _______.

A
Polymerase
Promoter
Gene
Polymerase
Single Strand Template
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6
Q

Elongation is when The template strand acts as a template for the RNA polymerase as it ______ it one base at a time. The polymerase builds an RNA ______ out of ______ _______. The RNA transcript contains the same information as the non-template strand of DNA but instead uses the base _____ (U) instead of Thymine (T)

A

Reads
Molecule
Complimentary nucleotides
Uracil

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7
Q

Termination is when sequences called ______ signal that the RNA ______ is complete. Once they are transcribed, the cause the _______ to be ______ from the RNA polymerase. Finally creating the molecule known as mRNA.

A

Terminators
Transcript
Transcript
Released

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8
Q

mRNA facts

  • Transfers info from DNA in the nucleus to the …
  • Is complimentary to the ______ strand
  • Leaves the nucleus via …
A
  • Cytoplasm
  • Anti-sense
  • Nuclear pores
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9
Q

There are 3 different types of RNA what are they?

A
mRNA = messenger 
tRNA = transfer
rRNA = ribosomal
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10
Q

tRNA facts

  • ______ stranded polynucleotide
  • Folded into a _______ shape stabilised by ____________ bonds between complimentary base pairs
  • Each tRNA contains 3 unpaired bases at its base called _________
  • Each of these is ________ to one _____ on mRNA
A
  • Double
  • Clover
  • Phosphodiester bonds
  • Anticodon
  • Complimentary
  • Codon
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11
Q

Ribosomes are made of _____ and _____

A
  • rRNA

- Proteins

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12
Q

A ribosome binds the the ______ so that ___ bases (2 codons) are exposed to the the large subunit at the same time.

A
  • mRNA

- 6

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13
Q

What is the first codon (start codon) and what aa does the tRNA with this anticodon carry?

A

AUG

methionine (met tRNA)

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14
Q

When the met tRNA binds to the first 3 bases on the mRNA what bond does it form and where?

A

It forms a H-Bond between it’s anticodon and its complimentary bases.

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15
Q

After met tRNA another tRNA binds to the next 3 bases via the same process. 2 aa are next to each other. What bond is formed between the bond using what enzyme?

A

They form a peptide bond with the enzyme peptidyl transferase.

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16
Q

This process of binding and the formation of a polypeptide chain continues until a “stop” anticodon is introduced. What are these anticodons and why do they stop the process?

A

The “stop” anticodons are UAA, UAC, UAG and they stop the process as they have no complimentary anticodon.