Biological Molecules: Protien synthesis Flashcards
Protein synthesis is a 2 part process
Transcription followed by Translation
Transcription is the first step this involves
Copying a DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule
The main enzyme involved in transcription is _______
it’s function is to
RNA polymerase
Link nucleotides to form an RNA strand
Transcription has 3 stages
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
Initiation is when RNA ______ binds to a section of DNA called the ______ found near the beginning of a ____. Once bound the RNA ______ separates the DNA strand providing the _____ ____ _______.
Polymerase Promoter Gene Polymerase Single Strand Template
Elongation is when The template strand acts as a template for the RNA polymerase as it ______ it one base at a time. The polymerase builds an RNA ______ out of ______ _______. The RNA transcript contains the same information as the non-template strand of DNA but instead uses the base _____ (U) instead of Thymine (T)
Reads
Molecule
Complimentary nucleotides
Uracil
Termination is when sequences called ______ signal that the RNA ______ is complete. Once they are transcribed, the cause the _______ to be ______ from the RNA polymerase. Finally creating the molecule known as mRNA.
Terminators
Transcript
Transcript
Released
mRNA facts
- Transfers info from DNA in the nucleus to the …
- Is complimentary to the ______ strand
- Leaves the nucleus via …
- Cytoplasm
- Anti-sense
- Nuclear pores
There are 3 different types of RNA what are they?
mRNA = messenger tRNA = transfer rRNA = ribosomal
tRNA facts
- ______ stranded polynucleotide
- Folded into a _______ shape stabilised by ____________ bonds between complimentary base pairs
- Each tRNA contains 3 unpaired bases at its base called _________
- Each of these is ________ to one _____ on mRNA
- Double
- Clover
- Phosphodiester bonds
- Anticodon
- Complimentary
- Codon
Ribosomes are made of _____ and _____
- rRNA
- Proteins
A ribosome binds the the ______ so that ___ bases (2 codons) are exposed to the the large subunit at the same time.
- mRNA
- 6
What is the first codon (start codon) and what aa does the tRNA with this anticodon carry?
AUG
methionine (met tRNA)
When the met tRNA binds to the first 3 bases on the mRNA what bond does it form and where?
It forms a H-Bond between it’s anticodon and its complimentary bases.
After met tRNA another tRNA binds to the next 3 bases via the same process. 2 aa are next to each other. What bond is formed between the bond using what enzyme?
They form a peptide bond with the enzyme peptidyl transferase.