Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Name monosaccharides

Answer 1

Glucose
Fructose
Ribose

Question 2

Name Disaccharides

Answer 2

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

Question 3

Name Polysaccharides

Answer 3

Starch

Cellulose

Question 4

Chemical formula for Triose

Answer 4

C3 H6 O3

Question 5

Chemical formula for Pentose

Answer 5

C5 H10 O5

Question 6

Chemical formula for Hexose

Answer 6

C6 H12 O6

Question 7

General formula for Monosaccharides

Answer 7

Cn H2n On

Question 8

All monosaccharides are …

Answer 8

Polar
Hydrophilic
Soluble in water
Form crystals

Question 9

Glucose and Fructose are …

Answer 9

Hexose monosaccharides

Question 10

Ribose and Deoxyribose are …

Answer 10

Pentose monosaccharides

Question 11

Alpha glucose is where …

Answer 11

The hydroxyl group at C1 is below the plane

Question 12

Beta glucose is where …

Answer 12

The hydroxyl group at C1 is above the plane

Question 13

Disaccharides are …

Answer 13

Are two monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic bond.
Soluble and Polar

Question 14

Model answer- describe the formation of the disaccharide Maltose.

Answer 14

• joined by a condensation reaction.
• the OH at C1
• the OH at C4
• Produces an alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond.

Question 15

Glucose + Glucose =
Glucose + Fructose =
Glucose + Galactose =

Answer 15

Maltose + Water
Sucrose + Water
Lactose + Water

Question 16

What is the test for non-reducing sugars

Answer 16

Benedicts Test

Question 17

Polysaccharides are …

Answer 17

Large insoluble molecules composed of hundreds of sugar units linked together by condensation reactions forming covalent bonds called glycosidic binds.

Question 18

Amylose properties:

• Type of bonds
• Branches?
• Shape
• Found where?
• Anything special?

Answer 18

• Alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
• No
• Helix
• Starch in Plants
• Large, insoluble

Question 19

Amylopectin properties:

• Type of bonds
• Branches?
• Shape
• Found where?
• Anything special?

Answer 19

• Alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
• Yes
• Branched helix
• Starch in Plants
• Large, compact, insoluble

Question 20

Glycogen properties:

• Type of bonds
• Branches?
• Shape
• Found where?
• Anything special?

Answer 20

• Alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
• Yes more than Amylopectin
• More branched helix
• Muscles and liver cells in animals
• Large, compact, insoluble

Question 21

Cellulose properties:

• Type of bonds
• Branches?
• Shape
• Found where?
• Anything special?

Answer 21

• Beta 1,4 and hydrogen bonds
• No
• Straight

Question 22

Cellulose properties:

• Type of bonds
• Branches?
• Shape
• Found where?
• Anything special?

Answer 22

• Beta 1,4 and hydrogen bonds
• No
• Straight and every other monomer is flipped 180 degrees to align C1 and C4
• Cell wall of Plant walls
• Mammals do not have the enzyme to break the beta glycosidic bond so they cannot digest it.

Question 23

Making a Cellulose Fibre:

• 60-70 ___1____ are cross-linked by hydrogen bonds forming ___2___
• 100s of ___2___ are cross linked by more H-bonds to form 1 ____3___
• Many ___3___ are glued together by the polysaccharide ____4___ to form 1 __5___
• Many ___5___ crisscross in all directions to form the ___6___

Answer 23

1) Cellulose Molecule
2) Microfibril
3) Macrofibril
4) Pectin
5) Cellulose Fibre
6) Cell wall