Biological Molecules: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Name monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Ribose
Name Disaccharides
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
Name Polysaccharides
Starch
Cellulose
Chemical formula for Triose
C3 H6 O3
Chemical formula for Pentose
C5 H10 O5
Chemical formula for Hexose
C6 H12 O6
General formula for Monosaccharides
Cn H2n On
All monosaccharides are …
Polar
Hydrophilic
Soluble in water
Form crystals
Glucose and Fructose are …
Hexose monosaccharides
Ribose and Deoxyribose are …
Pentose monosaccharides
Alpha glucose is where …
The hydroxyl group at C1 is below the plane
Beta glucose is where …
The hydroxyl group at C1 is above the plane
Disaccharides are …
Are two monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic bond.
Soluble and Polar
Model answer- describe the formation of the disaccharide Maltose.
- joined by a condensation reaction.
- the OH at C1
- the OH at C4
- Produces an alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond.
Glucose + Glucose =
Glucose + Fructose =
Glucose + Galactose =
Maltose + Water
Sucrose + Water
Lactose + Water
What is the test for non-reducing sugars
Benedicts Test
Polysaccharides are …
Large insoluble molecules composed of hundreds of sugar units linked together by condensation reactions forming covalent bonds called glycosidic binds.
Amylose properties:
- Type of bonds
- Branches?
- Shape
- Found where?
- Anything special?
- Alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds
- No
- Helix
- Starch in Plants
- Large, insoluble
Amylopectin properties:
- Type of bonds
- Branches?
- Shape
- Found where?
- Anything special?
- Alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
- Yes
- Branched helix
- Starch in Plants
- Large, compact, insoluble
Glycogen properties:
- Type of bonds
- Branches?
- Shape
- Found where?
- Anything special?
- Alpha 1,4 and 1,6 bonds
- Yes more than Amylopectin
- More branched helix
- Muscles and liver cells in animals
- Large, compact, insoluble
Cellulose properties:
- Type of bonds
- Branches?
- Shape
- Found where?
- Anything special?
- Beta 1,4 and hydrogen bonds
- No
- Straight
Cellulose properties:
- Type of bonds
- Branches?
- Shape
- Found where?
- Anything special?
- Beta 1,4 and hydrogen bonds
- No
- Straight and every other monomer is flipped 180 degrees to align C1 and C4
- Cell wall of Plant walls
- Mammals do not have the enzyme to break the beta glycosidic bond so they cannot digest it.
Making a Cellulose Fibre:
- 60-70 ___1____ are cross-linked by hydrogen bonds forming ___2___
- 100s of ___2___ are cross linked by more H-bonds to form 1 ____3___
- Many ___3___ are glued together by the polysaccharide ____4___ to form 1 __5___
- Many ___5___ crisscross in all directions to form the ___6___
1) Cellulose Molecule
2) Microfibril
3) Macrofibril
4) Pectin
5) Cellulose Fibre
6) Cell wall
