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DIAGNOSTICS - XRAYS > Ultrasound / ultrasonography > Flashcards

Ultrasound / ultrasonography Flashcards

1
Q

Advantages of an ultra sound

A
  • non invasive
  • non ionising
  • staging of diseases
  • affordable
  • view internal architecture
  • assist in FNA
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2
Q

Disadvantages of an ultrasound

A
  • sometimes poor images
  • difficulty in image interpretation
  • limitations to certain tissue types
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3
Q

Ultra sound modes

A

B mode - brightness mode
M mode - Movement mode
Doppler ultrasonography
Contrast ultrasonography

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4
Q

What does B mode do?

A

The normal mode used for real time 2D imaging of soft tissue

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5
Q

What does M mode do?

A

Real time echocardiography, uses b mode imaging in conjunction with this 1D image of the moving part. Images can be captured and frozen for measurement

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6
Q

What does Doppler ultrasonography do?

A

blood flow to and away from the probe produces sound waves of different wave lengths. these are assigned different colours in the image produced

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7
Q

Contrast ultrasonography

A

microbubb;es of sulphur hexafluoride gas in phospholipid capsules suspended in liquid injection IV highlights vascular structures and may help suggest malignancy

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8
Q

Uses of ultra sounds in small animals

A
  • thoracic scannin
  • abdominal us
  • cardiac us
  • obstetric us (Pregnancy)
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9
Q

Uses of ultra sounds on LA

A
  • cardiac studies
  • renal studies
  • detect presence of pleural fluid
  • liver studies
  • ovarian studies
  • obstetrics
  • Tendon and ligament abnormalities
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10
Q

Patient prep for a US

A

clip hair all over the ROI (shaving the ROI reduces the amount of air between the transducer and the skin)

place coupling gel on the shaved area just prior to the exam (improves uninterrupted skin contact)

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11
Q

What does the ultra sound machine consist of

A
  1. a control body and panel
  2. Tv monitor for image display
  3. A recording device
  4. a transducer
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12
Q

What can you not use on a US machine

A

commercial cleaner
or
alcohol

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13
Q

What is a transducer

A

is the piece held in the hand of the user they contain crystals

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14
Q

what are the 2 types of transducers

A
  1. Linear transducers

2. Sector transducer

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15
Q

What is a linear transducer?

A

Are a wide and create a rectangle picture that has a wider near field than a sector transducer

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16
Q

What is a sector trandsucer

A

create a pie shaped picture and are good for looking inbetween ribs to image the heart. the near field is narrow and spreads out as it gets deeper.

17
Q

What is an acoustic impedence

A

The ability of living tissue to resist or impede the sound waves

18
Q

What is reflecting surface

A

where a sound wave meets an interface between 2 tissues of differing acoustic impedance

19
Q

What is the image of a US

A

the image is a cross sectional picture of the internal architecture of the tissues being examined

20
Q

List 3 ultrasound attenuation

A
  1. absorption - as heat
  2. reflection - beam is reflected and returned to the transducer
  3. Scattering - at small irregular surfaces only
21
Q

what are the classified sound waves

A
  • wave length
  • Frequency
  • velocity
22
Q

less dense sound waves do what?

A

gives white echoes, and a grey image termed HYPECHOIC or ECHOPOOR

23
Q

Absent of ecohoes or black scans are called black scans are called what?

A

ANECHOIC or ECHOLUCENT

24
Q

What is an acoustic shadow.

A

Is a dark or anechoic area beneath a strongly reflective tissue

25
Q

what are bright white echoes are termed what?

A

HYPERECHOIC or ECHOGENIC

26
Q

what is an acoustic window

A

is a scan plane in the body which avoids gas, lung and bony structures

27
Q

what can be picked up on an abdominal US

A

liver, gallbladder, spleen, kidneys, urinary bladder abnormalities

28
Q

What is obstetric US

A
  • evaluates pregnancy from 14 days
29
Q

What does a cardiac US measure?

A
  • wall thickness

- contractibility

DIAGNOSTICS - XRAYS (8 decks)

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