ultrasound Flashcards
how to perform
informed consent, contraindications, test machine with water, position patient, identify structure, know size, set mode, time, intensity, head on gel, keep moving, remove gel, adverse effects
lateral epicondyle, 2mins x 5 = 10mins, pulsed, 1:4
frequency: 3Mz for superficial, 1Mz for deep
intensity: 0.5 - 1.5 for acute - chronic
3 Mz, 0.8wcm2 for a chronic + superficial injury
adapting - applied under water if area being treated is uneven
risk - damaging tissues by holding head still
contraindications / precautions
MSK: tumours, xray, metal implants
CR: infection (acute sepsis, active TB)
CV: bleeding, vascular insufficiency, pacemakers
N: CN tissue
decreased sensation, growth plates, inflammation
rationale behind treatment
a treatment which utilises sound waves to produce physiological effects
Kinetic energy from the sound waves is converted to heat via friction causing thermal effects
mechanical vibration at higher frequency
causes acoustic & micro streaming leading to nonthermal effects
proliferating/inflammatory healing, decrease pain perception, increase circulation
chronic - improves tissue extensibility & circulation, increasing mobility & decreasing pain
physiological effects
how does it achieve aim?
thermal (continuous): increased blood flow to reduce swelling, less pain & fluid viscosity, tissue extensibility, metabolic rate
non thermal (pulsed): membrane permeability, transfer of nutrients & metabolites, healing through acoustic/micro streaming
what structures are affected
tissues by heat and vibration - muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, cellular fluid
principles of application
A piezoelectric transducer applying longitudinal waves/mechanical vibrations to compress tissues
dependent on depth of tissue, whether injury is acute or chronic
keep head moving to avoid standing waves damaging tissues/interference of sound waves/increasing intensity
care of electrical equipment
comfortable physio position
