heating

Question 1

how to perform

Answer 1

position half lying/prone, thermal/sensation test, use tongs to put hot pack on 8 layers of towel, explain mild, comfortable warmth, check after 5mins, leave for 12mins, adverse effects?

risk of burning, increasing metabolic rate inappropriately, increasing bleeding/swelling

modify by adding towel layers, take off/waft for a phew seconds
risk of burn

Question 2

contraindications

Answer 2

MSK: tumours, skin disease, Xray therapy, acute inflammation & trauma
CR: infection
CV: defective circulation & blood sugar regulation, deep vein thrombosis
N: impaired skin sensation, low consciousness
Defective blood pressure regulation, Cardiac Failure, Pregnancy

Question 3

rational

Answer 3

change core temperature of soft tissue for therapeutic benefit.
through conduction
vasodilation, healing, increases joint range, lowers oedema, pain, muscle spasm

Question 4

physiological effects

Answer 4

increases metabolic activity & rate, tissue fluid exchange, blood supply, extensibility of collagen, lowers viscosity, stimulates nerves, oxygen, metabolite removal, synovial fluid
decreases joint stiffness, swelling, pain

Question 5

structures affected

Answer 5

collagenous tissue, blood vessel dilation, bone healing, nerves, muscle spasm
MSK, NS, CV

Question 6

principles

Answer 6

Hydrocollator hot packs
towels provide insulation & protection
no more then 40-42 degrees to prevent skin burn
Consider tissue type, compliance, materials conducting heat - use tongs
skin sensation test