Ice

Question 1

how to perform

Answer 1

position in half lying, knee exposed on gutter, skin sensation test, prep tray (crushed ice in damp towel), oil to knee, pack on for 12 mins, inspect after 2 mins, should have erythema, adverse reactions, paper towel to dry oil

modify: add water over towel
risk: skin burn

or
ice cube massage, ice immersion

Question 1

contraindications / precautions

Answer 1

MSK: rheumatoid arthritis, Cold urticarial/skin reaction
CR:
CV: Peripheral vascular disease, arteriosclerosis, Active DVT, Vasospasm, hypertension, Cryo/hemoglobulinemia, Raynaud’s disease, Local limb ischemia
= impaired blood flow
N: impaired communication
cardiac disease, chronic wound, lack of sensation, hypersensitivity

Question 2

rational

Answer 2

heat is conducted from the area of high temperature to that of a lower temperature i.e. from the skin to the ice.
energy in the form of heat is used to change the ice from a solid to a liquid, which requires a considerable amount of energy, liquid has most cooling effect

decreases pain, increases healing

Question 3

physiological effects

Answer 3

vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow, metabolic rate, oedema, bleeding, inflammation, muscle spasm, pain/nerves, increased viscosity

Question 4

structures

Answer 4

knee: circulation in femur, tibia, patella, menisci, ligaments, quadriceps tendon

NS, MSK, CV

Question 5

principles

Answer 5

no direct contact with ice & skin
test skin sensation
Gutter of polythene for ease of treatment and maintain safety