ulcers

Question 1

what are most ulcers caused by

Answer 1

abnormal blood flow to the lower limbs

Question 2

what is a chronic ulcer

Answer 2

a break in skin that hasnt healed in over 4 weeks

Question 3

where are venous ulcers usually located

Answer 3

medial malleous

Question 4

what do venous ulcers look like

Answer 4

irregular scaley border, red/brown wound bed - hyper pigmentation / haemosiderin deposits, weepy exudate

Question 5

what causes venous ulcers

Answer 5

faulty valves

Question 6

investigations of venous ulcers

Answer 6

ABPI, wound swab if signs of infection, blood tests, patch testing, US

Question 7

normal ABPI

Answer 7

1

Question 8

ABPI in vascular disease

Answer 8

<0.8 vascular disease

Question 9

ABPI of >1.5 indicates what

Answer 9

calcification

Question 10

treatmemt of venous ulcers

Answer 10

compression, leg elevation, emoillients and topical steroids and antibiortics if infected

Question 11

what are arterial ulcers caused by

Answer 11

ischaemia secondary to atherosclerosis

Question 12

where are arterial ulcers found

Answer 12

lateral malleoulus or the distal foot

Question 13

appearance of arterial ulcer

Answer 13

cold, evanetic and hairless, deep wount with punched out appearance, smooth borders and no exudate

Question 14

treatment of arterial ulcer

Answer 14

Aanalgesia, angioplasty, oral antibiotics if infected

Question 15

what causes ulcers on the shins of diabetics and how to treat this

Answer 15

necrobiosia lipoidica - with topical steroid

Question 16

what is pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer 16

an inflammatory disease that causes ulceration is associated with crohns