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dermatology > skin structure and function > Flashcards

skin structure and function Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what does the embrylogical development of skin follow

A

Blaschkos lines

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2
Q

what is the dermis derived from

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what is the epidermis derived from

A

ectoderm

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4
Q

what is are melanocytes derived from

A

neural crest

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5
Q

define the epidermis

A

stratified squampus epithelium mainly made of keratinocytes and forms the outer protective layer of skin

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6
Q

what are the main functions of keratinocytes

A

production of keratin, synthesis of vitD and immune functions

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7
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis created by

A

the travelling of keratinocytes

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8
Q

how long does it take for keratynocytes to travel from the deepest to the most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

28 days

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9
Q

what are the 4 layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial

A

basal layer, prickle cell layer, granular layer, keratin layer

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10
Q

what layer of the epidermis conatins merkel cells, melanocytes, abundance of keratin and a single layer of cuboidal keratinocytes

A

basal layer

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11
Q

what does the prickle cell layer of the epidermis consist of

A

polyhedral keratinocytes

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12
Q

what does the granular layer of the epidermis consist of

A

2-3 layers of flattened keratinocytes and langerhans cells

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13
Q

what is the functions of the granular layer of the epidermis

A

to produce a cornified envelop by producing keratin and other proteins such are filaggrin and involucrin

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14
Q

what are distinguishing features of keratinocytes in the granular layer of the epidermis

A

lack of nuclei, high lipid content, odland bodies

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15
Q

what is the keratin layer of the epidermis also known as

A

stratum corneum

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16
Q

what is the keratin layer of the epidermis made of

A

corneocytes and insoluble cornified envelope

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17
Q

what are corneocytes

A

non nucleated remanants of keratinocytes

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18
Q

what does the insoluble cornified envelop consist of

A

keratin, lipids and filaggrin

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19
Q

what epidermis layer varies in thickness the most throughout the body

A

keratin layer

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20
Q

what are melanocytes

A

dendritic cells that migrate from the neural crest

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21
Q

what are melanocytes responsible for

A

producing melanin from tyrosine

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22
Q

what happens to melanin

A

it is transferred to keratinocytes

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23
Q

why is the melanin transferred to keratinocytes

A

to protect DNA from damage from UV rays by absorbing them

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24
Q

what are langerhans cells and where are they found

A

dendritic cells found in the prickle cell layer of the epidermis and the dermis

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25
Q

what is the primary function of langerhans cells

A

antigen presentation to T cells

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26
Q

what is the distinguishing feature of langerhans cells

A

birckbeck granules

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27
Q

where are merkel cells found

A

in the basal layer

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28
Q

what is the function of merkel cells

A

mechanoreception

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29
Q

what is the dermoepidermal junction

A

an avascular zone which acts as the interface between the dermis and epidermis

30
Q

what results from alterations of the dermo-epidermal junction

A

bullae

31
Q

what are the functions of the dermoepidermal junction

A

semi permuable membrane that acts as a barrier to filtration, support, adhesion and anchorage of epidermal cells

32
Q

components of the dermoepidermal junction from superficial to deep

A

hemi desmosomes, lamina lucida, lamina densa, sub lamina densa

33
Q

what is the primary function of the dermis

A

to support and cushion the epidermis

34
Q

what is the majority of the dermis compoased of

A

connective tissue

35
Q

components of connective tissue

A

collagen, elastin, ground substance which is gel like composed of glycoaminoglycans

36
Q

what cells are found in the dermis

A

mast cells, fibroblasts, langerhans cells, lymphocytes and macrophages

37
Q

how many types of skin glands are there

A

3

38
Q

where are all 3 of the skin glands found

A

in the dermis

39
Q

what are the 3 skin glands

A

sabeceous, apocrine, eccrine

40
Q

what are sabaceous glands

A

glands that wrap around the hair follicles

41
Q

where are sabaceous glands found on the body

A

face, chest and upper back

42
Q

what do sabaceous glands produce

A

sebum

43
Q

what does sebum do

A

prevent moisture loss and protects against infection

44
Q

where are apocrine glands found

A

deep in the dermis and project up towards and open out into the hair follicle

45
Q

where are apocrine glands glands found on the body

A

axilla and perineum

46
Q

what do apocrine glands do

A

produce scented oily fluid

47
Q

what are eccrine glands

A

sweat glands that open directly onto the skin

48
Q

where are eccrine glands found on the body

A

every where especially the axilla, palms and soles

49
Q

what allows the skin to undertake its role in thermoregulation

A

extensive blood supply that far outweighs the metabolic demand

50
Q

what do the blood vessels in the dermis form

A

a horizontal plexus

51
Q

what do the blood vessels in the dermis also supply

A

the epidermis

52
Q

what does the dermis have

A

abundant amount of autonomic, sensory and motor nerves

53
Q

where are meissners corpuscles

A

groups of sensory nerves that are found HIGH in the dermis

54
Q

what do meissners corpuscles respond to

A

light touch and vibration

55
Q

what are pacinian corpuscles found

A

groups of sensory nerves found DEEP in the dermis

56
Q

what do pacinian corpuscles respond to

A

heavy, deep pressure

57
Q

describe the lymphatics of the skin

A

it is extensive and the vessels form a meshed network within the dermis

58
Q

what are the 3 types of hair

A

terminal, vellus, lanago

59
Q

what is terminal hair

A

course hair

60
Q

where is terminal hair found

A

scalp, beard and pubic region

61
Q

what is vellus hair

A

fine hair

62
Q

where is vellus hair found

A

on the face of women and pre pubescent children

63
Q

what is lanago

A

soft hair

64
Q

where is lanago found

A

in new borns

65
Q

what are the 3 stages of hair growth

A

anagen, catagen, telogen

66
Q

what is anagen

A

period of active growth

67
Q

what is catagen

A

period of no active growth but with involution of the hair

68
Q

what is telogen

A

hair falls out

69
Q

what are the functions of the skin

A

barrier, sensation, thermoregulation, immune defence, metabolism - vit D3 and activation of T4-T3

70
Q

what arethe cells responsible for vitamin D production

A

Keratinocytes

dermatology (12 decks)

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