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fungal infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what is the causative organism for most dermatophyte infections

A

trichophyton rabrum

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2
Q

what causees 20% of dermatophyte infections

A

trichophyton mentagraphytes

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3
Q

what is a rare cause of dermatophyte infections

A

microsporum canid

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4
Q

tinea capitis

A

infection in the scalp

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5
Q

tinea barabae

A

infection in the beard

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6
Q

tinea corpis

A

infection in the body

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7
Q

tinea mannum

A

infection in the hand

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8
Q

tinea unginuium

A

infection of the nail

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9
Q

tinea cruris

A

infection in the groin

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10
Q

tinea pedis

A

infection in the foot

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11
Q

presentation of dermatophyte infection

A

erythematous rash, scaly, itchy, ring shaped lesion with an actively expanding edge and resolving centre - wet maceration in flexural areas

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12
Q

diagnosis of dermatophyte infections

A

skin scraping from edge of lesion or nail clipping

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13
Q

management of localised dermatophyte infections

A

topical anti fungals - clotrimazole, miconazole

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14
Q

treatment of athletes foot

A

terpinafine BD - 7 days

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15
Q

management of widespread or nail dermatophyte infecions

A

oral anti fungals - terbinafine,

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16
Q

what is candida albicans

A

a yeast infection

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17
Q

who is candida albicans common in

A

immuno suppressed patients

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18
Q

locations where candida albicans is usually found

A

under breasts, fat rolls, nappy area

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19
Q

presentation of candida albicans

A

mouth - white lesions that can be scraped off
genital - white discharge itch
skin - itchy scale erythema with ragged peeling edges and satellite lesions

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20
Q

diagnosis of candida albicans

A

skin scraping

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21
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the mouth

A

nystatin

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22
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the genital region

A

topical clotrimazole

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23
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the skin

A

topical clotrimazole or oral antifungal

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24
Q

what does the use of oral antifungals such as terinafine require

A

LFT monitoring due to hepatoxicity

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25
Q

what is pityriasis versicolor

A

a yeast infections caused by melassezia

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26
Q

where does pityriasis versicolor usually appear

A

in hot humid conditions

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27
Q

presentation of pityriasis versicolor

A

well defined macular lesions with fine scale that are either hypo or hyper pigmentated on the back chest and arms

28
Q

when is pityriasos versicolor usually picked up

A

on holiday

29
Q

what is the management of pity versicolor

A

topical anti fungals - selenium sulphide, ketocolazole

30
Q

what is impetigo

A

a highly contagious superficial skin infection that typically affects children

31
Q

causative organism of impetigo

A

staph A or strep pyogenes

32
Q

what is the presentation of impetigo

A

face - well defined lesions with a honey coloured golden crust and erythematous base

33
Q

management of impetigo - non severe

A

topical fusidic acid - 7 days

34
Q

treatment of impetigo - severe

A

oral flucox or clarithromycin + topical fusidic acid

35
Q

complications of impetigo arise due to what

A

release of exotoxins A/B that cause desquamation

36
Q

main complications of impetigo

A

bullous impetigo, staphylococcus scaled skin syndrome

37
Q

what is folliculitis

A

a superficial or deep infection of the hair follicle

38
Q

what is the causative organism of folliculitis

A

staph aureus

39
Q

where can folliculitis be picked up

A

in hot tubs - likley to pseudomanas

40
Q

what is the presentation of folliculitis

A

discrete erythematous papules and pustules on hair bearing sites - itch, boils, furnacle

41
Q

what is a boil

A

a deep infection of a single follicle resulting in a large papule

42
Q

what is a furnicle

A

a deep infection of multiple follicles resulting in nodule formation

43
Q

management if folliculitis

A

usually mild and self limiting - first line BPO + loose clothes for boiles and furnacles oral flucoxacillin

44
Q

what is cellulitis

A

acute infection of the skin and soft tissues mainly seen in the legs

45
Q

what is the causative organism of cellulitis

A

strep pyogenes +/- staph aureus

46
Q

presentation of cellulitis

A

seen in legs, more common in diabetics, macular hot erythema with ill defined margins that is often spreading, associated with malaise, flu like symptoms, leg pain, leg swelling and local lymphadenopathy

47
Q

diagnosis and management of cellulitis

A

bacterial swab, oral flucox/doxycyc, if severe IV flucox or vancomycin

48
Q

what is ersipelas

A

a superficial form of cellulitis

49
Q

what is the causative organism of ersipelas

A

strep pyogenes

50
Q

presentation fo ersipelas

A

affects the face, spreading rash, rash is well demarcated erythematous plaque, associated with fever and systemic upset

51
Q

management of ersipelas

A

IV flucox

52
Q

what is scabies

A

a highly contagious skin infestation caused by sarcoptes scabei

53
Q

what is the presentation of scabies

A

severe itch - worse at night, eruthematous papules, vesicles, pustules or nodules with visible skin burrows

54
Q

location of scabies

A

web spaces, wrists axillae, umbilicus, buttocks and groin

55
Q

what is a contagious form of scabies usually seen in the elderly or immunocompromised - associated with hyperkeratotis crusted lesions +/- itch

A

norwegion scabies

56
Q

what is the management of scabies

A

permethrin or malathion over night

57
Q

presentation of head lice

A

severe itch + visible eggs in hair

58
Q

management of head lice

A

malathion or physical removal with comb

59
Q

what is lyme disease caused by

A

a tick bite

60
Q

where is lyme disease most commonly seen

A

in europe or USA

61
Q

what is the causative organism of lyme disease

A

borrelia durgdorferi

62
Q

what is the fist presentation of lyme disease

A

erythema chronicum migrans - BULLS EYE- 2 weeks after bite

63
Q

second presentation fo lyme disease

A

6 months after bite - systemic symptos of malaise and arthralgia and firm bluish/red swellings on ears or nipples

64
Q

third presentation of lyme disease

A

6 months to 8 years after bite wth bluish discolouration anf atrophy of the skin - systemic symptoms can be variable and include chronic pain

65
Q

diagnosis of lyme disease

A

serology

66
Q

management of lyme disease

A

remove tick, doxycycline, amoxicillin

dermatology (12 decks)

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