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fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

what is the causative organism for most dermatophyte infections

A

trichophyton rabrum

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2
Q

what causees 20% of dermatophyte infections

A

trichophyton mentagraphytes

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3
Q

what is a rare cause of dermatophyte infections

A

microsporum canid

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4
Q

tinea capitis

A

infection in the scalp

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5
Q

tinea barabae

A

infection in the beard

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6
Q

tinea corpis

A

infection in the body

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7
Q

tinea mannum

A

infection in the hand

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8
Q

tinea unginuium

A

infection of the nail

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9
Q

tinea cruris

A

infection in the groin

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10
Q

tinea pedis

A

infection in the foot

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11
Q

presentation of dermatophyte infection

A

erythematous rash, scaly, itchy, ring shaped lesion with an actively expanding edge and resolving centre - wet maceration in flexural areas

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12
Q

diagnosis of dermatophyte infections

A

skin scraping from edge of lesion or nail clipping

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13
Q

management of localised dermatophyte infections

A

topical anti fungals - clotrimazole, miconazole

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14
Q

treatment of athletes foot

A

terpinafine BD - 7 days

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15
Q

management of widespread or nail dermatophyte infecions

A

oral anti fungals - terbinafine,

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16
Q

what is candida albicans

A

a yeast infection

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17
Q

who is candida albicans common in

A

immuno suppressed patients

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18
Q

locations where candida albicans is usually found

A

under breasts, fat rolls, nappy area

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19
Q

presentation of candida albicans

A

mouth - white lesions that can be scraped off
genital - white discharge itch
skin - itchy scale erythema with ragged peeling edges and satellite lesions

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20
Q

diagnosis of candida albicans

A

skin scraping

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21
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the mouth

A

nystatin

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22
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the genital region

A

topical clotrimazole

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23
Q

treatment of candida albicans in the skin

A

topical clotrimazole or oral antifungal

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24
Q

what does the use of oral antifungals such as terinafine require

A

LFT monitoring due to hepatoxicity

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25
what is pityriasis versicolor
a yeast infections caused by melassezia
26
where does pityriasis versicolor usually appear
in hot humid conditions
27
presentation of pityriasis versicolor
well defined macular lesions with fine scale that are either hypo or hyper pigmentated on the back chest and arms
28
when is pityriasos versicolor usually picked up
on holiday
29
what is the management of pity versicolor
topical anti fungals - selenium sulphide, ketocolazole
30
what is impetigo
a highly contagious superficial skin infection that typically affects children
31
causative organism of impetigo
staph A or strep pyogenes
32
what is the presentation of impetigo
face - well defined lesions with a honey coloured golden crust and erythematous base
33
management of impetigo - non severe
topical fusidic acid - 7 days
34
treatment of impetigo - severe
oral flucox or clarithromycin + topical fusidic acid
35
complications of impetigo arise due to what
release of exotoxins A/B that cause desquamation
36
main complications of impetigo
bullous impetigo, staphylococcus scaled skin syndrome
37
what is folliculitis
a superficial or deep infection of the hair follicle
38
what is the causative organism of folliculitis
staph aureus
39
where can folliculitis be picked up
in hot tubs - likley to pseudomanas
40
what is the presentation of folliculitis
discrete erythematous papules and pustules on hair bearing sites - itch, boils, furnacle
41
what is a boil
a deep infection of a single follicle resulting in a large papule
42
what is a furnicle
a deep infection of multiple follicles resulting in nodule formation
43
management if folliculitis
usually mild and self limiting - first line BPO + loose clothes for boiles and furnacles oral flucoxacillin
44
what is cellulitis
acute infection of the skin and soft tissues mainly seen in the legs
45
what is the causative organism of cellulitis
strep pyogenes +/- staph aureus
46
presentation of cellulitis
seen in legs, more common in diabetics, macular hot erythema with ill defined margins that is often spreading, associated with malaise, flu like symptoms, leg pain, leg swelling and local lymphadenopathy
47
diagnosis and management of cellulitis
bacterial swab, oral flucox/doxycyc, if severe IV flucox or vancomycin
48
what is ersipelas
a superficial form of cellulitis
49
what is the causative organism of ersipelas
strep pyogenes
50
presentation fo ersipelas
affects the face, spreading rash, rash is well demarcated erythematous plaque, associated with fever and systemic upset
51
management of ersipelas
IV flucox
52
what is scabies
a highly contagious skin infestation caused by sarcoptes scabei
53
what is the presentation of scabies
severe itch - worse at night, eruthematous papules, vesicles, pustules or nodules with visible skin burrows
54
location of scabies
web spaces, wrists axillae, umbilicus, buttocks and groin
55
what is a contagious form of scabies usually seen in the elderly or immunocompromised - associated with hyperkeratotis crusted lesions +/- itch
norwegion scabies
56
what is the management of scabies
permethrin or malathion over night
57
presentation of head lice
severe itch + visible eggs in hair
58
management of head lice
malathion or physical removal with comb
59
what is lyme disease caused by
a tick bite
60
where is lyme disease most commonly seen
in europe or USA
61
what is the causative organism of lyme disease
borrelia durgdorferi
62
what is the fist presentation of lyme disease
erythema chronicum migrans - BULLS EYE- 2 weeks after bite
63
second presentation fo lyme disease
6 months after bite - systemic symptos of malaise and arthralgia and firm bluish/red swellings on ears or nipples
64
third presentation of lyme disease
6 months to 8 years after bite wth bluish discolouration anf atrophy of the skin - systemic symptoms can be variable and include chronic pain
65
diagnosis of lyme disease
serology
66
management of lyme disease
remove tick, doxycycline, amoxicillin

dermatology (12 decks)

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