uk's changing economy Flashcards
how has research contributed to economy
employs around 60,000 people
causes of economic change
de-inustrialisation, globalisation, government policy
what is de-indutrialisation
decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry
what causes de-industrialisation
exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs
what is globalisation
the world becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange (DECREASES cost of manufacturing)
what are service industries
provide support rather than manufacturing products - largest sector is finance (10% of UK’s GDP)
what do science parks do
tap into research
located of the edge of university cities - benefit from transport links and attractive working conditions
what are business parks
small group of businesses on a single plot of land.
they are interconnected and work on small scale manufacturing
science park example
Cambridge Science Park
impacts of industry on environment
- toxic waste material pollute land and water supply
- gas and soot emissions from burning coal causing smog
- landscapes in coal mining areas became ugly
socioeconomic changes in rural landscape - pop growth
CAMBRIDGESHIRE:
s - rising house prices, car owning commuters don’t need public transport so services reduce
ec - lack of affordable housing, some shops forced to close
socioeconomic changes in rural landscape - pop decline
OUTER HEBRIDES:
s - migration of young people results in aging pop, more care required, fewer people able to work so agriculture decline, school closures as fewer children
ec - prawn fishing decline, infrastructure struggling to cope with tourism
developments in roads
- 100 new road schemes
- 1300 new miles added to motorway
- 400 miles of smart motorway developed
railway plans
HS2 - connects many major cities from London to Scotland - around £100bn
electrification of Midland mainline between London and Sheffield
seaport improvements
annually employ 120,000 people, largest port industry in europe, £300mil investment to a new container terminal at Liverpool 2
impacts of deindustrialisation on N.E England
many towns relied on coal industry and thousands left unemployed
what is a footloose industry
not tied to heavy raw materials, so they can locate wherever is cost effective
what is the M4 growth corridor
London to Bristol, the home of high tech industries for 30 years
what is the North-South divide
the culrtral and economic disparities between North and South England
trade
- Trades with many countries Post Brexit in 2021 the UK developed stronger links with countries outside the EU
- Due to British Empire, the UK still have strong links with other countries.
