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my geography > hot deserts (p1) > Flashcards

hot deserts (p1) Flashcards

1
Q

what is mineral extraction

A

the removal of solid mineral resources from the earth

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2
Q

what is desertification

A

the process by which land becomes drier and degraded

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3
Q

what is overgrazing

A

grazing too many livestock for too long on the land so it is unable to recover

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4
Q

what is over-cultivation

A

exhausting the soil by over cropping the land

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5
Q

what is aridity

A

an area receiving less than 250mm of rainfall per year

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6
Q

3 characteristics of a hot desert

A

aridity
40+ degrees
towering dunes landscape

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7
Q

definition of a desert

A

an area receiving less than 250mm of rainfall resulting in extreme aridity

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8
Q

where do most deserts lay

A

in general, most lie between tropics of cancer and capricorn

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9
Q

why are the worlds located where they are

A
  • air is dry near tropics
  • leading to areas of high pressure
  • results in no clouds
  • therefore hot in the day and cold at night
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10
Q

what is soil like in deserts

A

dry and infertile, lack of organic material

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11
Q

how to describe temperatures in deserts

A

high diurnal range

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12
Q

what is interdependence

A

animals and plants in the same ecosystems relying on each other for survival

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13
Q

how do plants affect soil

A
  • roots tie soil together
  • intercepts rainfall
  • help retain water by providing shade
  • provide extra nutrients through dead vegetation and fixing chemical
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14
Q

how does soil affect plants

A

provides nutrients

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15
Q

how do humans affect interdependence negatively

A
  • disturb the food chain by over hunting a species
  • disrupt soil making it more susceptible to erosion when wet
  • trample plants so cant grow
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16
Q

how do humans affect interdependence positively

A

plant more plants to increase food for primary consumers

17
Q

what reduces biodiversity in deserts

A
  • dry conditions
  • high temperatures
  • short periods of rainfall
18
Q

what are plants that can live in dry conditions called

A

xerophytes e.g. cactus

19
Q

how are xerophytes adapted

A

thick, waxy cuticles and shed leaves to reduce transpiration

20
Q

how are fennec foxes adapted to hot temps

A
  • large ears to help dissipate excess heat
  • sandy fur reflects heat and insulates them at night time
  • kidneys restrict water loss
21
Q

how are peringuey adders adapted to hot temps

A

move sideways so less than 50% of their body is in contact with sand

22
Q

CS: western desert specifics farming

A

coachella grows vegetables by absorbing water from aquifers

23
Q

CS: western desert specifics mineral extraction or energy generation

A
  • 100,000 homes from solar, 360 workers
  • HEP employed 5000 people
  • 25 active oil sites
24
Q

CS: opportunities of tourism in western deserts

A
  • crucial source of income from national parks, busems, culture
  • 2 lakes have been built
25
Q

CS: opportunities of farming in western desert

A
  • irrigation
  • aquifers produce large fields of lush crops like lemons, peppers and grapes
26
Q

CS: challenges of farming in western desert

A
  • rain and groundwater can seep into permeable layer of an aquifer and become trapped
27
Q

CS: opportunities of min extraction/energy generation in western desert

A
  • rich in minerals that aren’t all exploited
  • new solar plants
  • HEP plants
28
Q

CS: challenges of min extraction/energy generation in western desert

A
  • conflict over other land use
  • uranium used in nuclear power plants
  • fossil fuels - drilling for oil
29
Q

challenges of developing in desert areas

A
  • population density
  • inaccessibility
  • extreme temperatures
  • water supply
30
Q

how to overcome high temperatures

A
  • houses have thick walls to keep cool air in day but warm at night
  • white washed walls to reflect sun
31
Q

challenges of high temps

A
  • hard work outside
  • climate change - only getting hotter
  • average temp of 27 degrees
  • high rate of evaporation - water shortages
32
Q

challenges of growing population

A
  • not enough water to share
33
Q

challenges of inaccessibility

A
  • low pop density so no surfaced roads
  • away from main city
34
Q

how to overcome inaccessibility

A
  • build more roads like route 66
  • major cities can be reached by air
35
Q

challenges of water supply

A
  • conflict over colorado useage
  • climate change will increase issue - lake mead decrease
  • agriculture
  • increased demand due to population growth
36
Q

how to overcome water supply

A
  • remove grass from homes
  • grow drought resistant crops
  • use dams and reservoirs like Hoover dam
37
Q

desertification cycle

A
  • amount of natural veg decreases
  • no plants or leaves to intercept
  • sun bakes soil and cracks it
  • rainwater runs over the surface rather than soaking in the soil
  • soil is washed away
  • soil degrades losing fertility and structure so cant grow crops
38
Q

causes of desertification

A
  • increase population of semi desert areas
  • land farmed more intense
  • animals graze at higher stock

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