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my geography > changing economic world - nigeria (p2) > Flashcards

changing economic world - nigeria (p2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is GDP

A

the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year

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2
Q

what is migration

A

the movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year

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3
Q

what is a TNC

A

initial investment and jobs lead to a knock on effect. This knock on effect creates more jobs and money which are then reinvested

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4
Q

what is industrial structure

A

the relative proportion of the workforce employed in different sectors of then economy

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5
Q

development

A

the progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare

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6
Q

what is development gap

A

the difference in standards of living and wellbeing between the world’s richest and poorest countries

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7
Q

what is GNI

A

measurement of economic activity that is calculated by dividing the gross national income by the size of population

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8
Q

what is the human development index

A

a method of measuring development in which GDP per capita, life expectancy are combined to give an overview using social and economic indicators

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9
Q

what are the MINT and BRIC countries

A

M - Mexico B - Brazil
I - Indonesia R- Russia
N - Nigeria I - India
T - Turkey C - China

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10
Q

why are the MINT and BRIC countries grouped together

A

group of fast developing countries

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11
Q

how measure development

A

GNI, literacy rate, access to healthcare, death/birth rate

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12
Q

GNI - economic indicators

A

limitations: only one factor
not always honest
informal sector not taken into account

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13
Q

brith rate - social indicators

A

generally high birth rates associated with poor countries
limitations: some countries may have low birth rates and are poor

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14
Q

death rate - social indicators

A

lowest death rates in NEEs
limitations: death rate is less reliable than birth rate

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15
Q

infant mortality- social indicator

A

highest values in African countries
limitations: not all the deaths of children are reported

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16
Q

life expectancy - social indicator

A

HIC average is likely over 80 years, NEE is 65-75, LIC is in the 50s
limitations: data is not reliable

17
Q

literacy rate - social indicator

A

measures provision of education
limitations: lack of monitoring in LICs

18
Q

what is top down aid

A

large scale - e.g. the world bank provides $560mill for irrigation and drainage schemes

19
Q

what is bottom up aid

A

small scale - e.g. oxfam help small farmers to improve productivity.
however lack of cohesion with government

20
Q

what is emergency aid

A

short term - e.g. 2017 2 UN agencies helped people stuck in conflict between Boko Haram and government

21
Q

what is development aid

A

long term - e.g. 2016 Uk gov gave £305mill aid to help towards MDGs (millenium development goals)

22
Q

what is bilateral aid

A

assistance given by a government directly to the government of another country

23
Q

what is conditional or tied aid

A

money that a rich country lends to a poor country, on condition that the poor country spends the money on goods from the rich country

24
Q

7 ways to reduce the development gap

A

aid, investment, tourism, intermediate technology, fair trade, debt relief, microfinance loans

25
Q

how does aid work

A

can help if spent on projects such as schools and health clinics but can be mis-spent and encourage dependency

26
Q

how does investment work

A

can improve technology and infrastructure but is easily
withdrawn by foreign investors

27
Q

how does tourism work

A

generates increased income but much of the money is lost in leakage

28
Q

how does fairtrade work

A

simple and effective at a ‘grassroots’ level but
can be limited in scale

29
Q

how does debt relief work

A

frees money to be spent on development projects but relies on goodwill of HICs

30
Q

how do microfinance loans work

A

allow financial independence, especially for women but scale and impact remain small

my geography (16 decks)

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