U.k Geology 4.1 Flashcards
1
Q
Features of Sedimentary rocks:
A
- formed by sediment eroded or deposited
- some are durable (limestone) but most are weak (clay, shale, chalk)
- found in lowland
- created 70-200 million years ago
2
Q
Features of igneous rock:
A
- oldest rock
- most resistant rock
- formed by lavas and magmas cooled and crystallised
- don’t erode
- found in the upland
- formed 750 million years ago
3
Q
Features of metamorphic rocks:
A
- Sedimentary rocks that are heated and compressed
- hard and resistant
- transform rocks limestone to marble, shales to slate
- found in upland
- formed 750 million years ago
4
Q
Features of chalk:
A
- purer younger form of limestone
- very porous
- medium resistance
- sedimentary rock
5
Q
Features of limestone:
A
- 300 million years of crushed shells and bones
- permeable
- generally resistant
- sedimentary rock
6
Q
Features of clay:
A
- formed by deposited muds
- soft and crumbly
- generally weak
- compacted to shale
- sedimentary rock
7
Q
Features of Granite:
A
- formed by magma cooling deep underground
- very resistant
- contains crystals of quarts, feldspar, mica
- igneous rock
8
Q
Features of schist:
A
- formed by further metamorphosis of slate where partly melted and solidified
- very resistant
- metamorphic rock
9
Q
Features of slates:
A
- formed by heating muds or shales
- very resistant
- metamorphic rock
10
Q
Geology of U.k:
A
Lowland used be be by the equator so had many tropical animals. These died adding layers to seabed which are compressed to form sedimentary rock.
11
Q
Tectonic plates in u.k:
A
- convection currents uplift rock making land
- rocks snap and moved along by earthquakes
- u.k plates have shifted around
12
Q
Glaciation of u.k:
A
- last ice age 10,000 year ago
- glacial erosion caused u shaped valleys which are deep and wide
- melt water eroded valleys making them up to 100 km wide but very shallow
