UGI Flashcards
The upper digestive system includes the:
esophagus
accessory organs of digestion
A muscular membranous tube like structure:
esophagus
What are the accessory organs of digestion?
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Salivary Glands
Mouth
What are the three functions of the digestive system?
1.) intake, breakdown (mechanical, chemical)
2.) absorption
3.) elimination
The upper GI tract includes the:
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
The moth contains the following organs:
Teeth
Hard and Soft Palates
Tongue
Ugula
What is mastication?
Chewing
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is deglutition?
Swallowing
A long muscular tube that extends from the laryngopharynx to the stomach:
esophagus
How long is the esophagus?
10 inches
The esophagus is located ______________ to the trachea and ________________ to the vertebral bodies.
posterior, anterior
Where does the esophagus beging and end using the spine as reference?
C6-T11
The esophagus passes through the diaphragm at the level of _____________.
T10
The expanded portion of the esophagus is called:
cardiac antrum
What is the hole that exits the esophagus and enters the stomach called?
Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice)
Wave like involuntary contractions that moves solid materials throught the alimentary canal are called:
peristalsis
After food has been mechanically and chemically altered it is called:
chyme
A dilated sac like portion of the alimentary canal/digestive tract between the esophagus and the small intestine is:
stomach
The stomach serves as a :
storage unit for food
What part of the stomach is located directly superior to the orifice and seen as a small indention?
cardiac notch
What is the expanded distal portion of the abdominal esophagus?
cardiac antrum
THe second, most distal opening in the stomach is the pyloric orifice and contains the pyloric sphincter. The spincter controls:
Food from going back into the stomach
What are the borders or curvatures of the stomach called?
lesser curvature
greater curvature
What are the three stomach subdivisions?
Fundus
Body
Pylorous
The most distal portion of the stomach?
pylorous
What are the two divisions of the pylorous?
Pyloric antrum (expanded part)
Pyloric canal
Muscosal folds that assist with mechanical digestion and movement of food:
rugae
The fundus lies ____________ and ________________.
Superior, anterior
The body lies ________________ and mostly ______________ to the fundus.
vertical, anterior
what position is the patient in if the barium is in the fundus and air is in the body and pylorous?
Supine
What position is the patient in if barium is in the body and pylourous and air is in the fundus?
Prone
What position is the patient in if there is air in the fundus and barium is in the body and pylourous and you can see a distinct level of air-fluid?
Erect
What is the normal emptying time for the stomach?
2-3 hours
Where does the stomach sit on a hypersthenic patient?
High and transverse
Where does the stomach sit on a hyposthenic or asthenic patient?
stomach is J shaped and low
For a sthenic patient:
the stomach is J shaped
What are three similarities between the exams of the digestive system?
1.) requires us to use contrast to see
2.) dynamic exam
3.) all require images afterwards
What are the radiographer responsibilities in UGI Exams?
1.) prep room
2.) prep contrast
3.) obtain history
4.) explain the procedure to the patient
What are things that affect the position of the stomach?
1.) body habitus
2.) stomach contents
3.) respiration
4.) body position
Air, crystals and CO2 are what type of contrast media?
Radiolucent/Negative
What is an example of radiopaque contrast media?
Barium Sulfate
What is the ratio for thick barium?
3:1 or 4:1
What is the ratio for thin barium?
1:1
What are the 2 reasons that barium would be contraindicted?
1.) patient is going to surgery
2.) there is an expected perforation
What is used in place of barium , if barium is contraindicted?
gastrograffin (iondinated contrast)
When should gastrograffin not be used?
if there is an allergy
What is double contrast?
Barium mixed with air or CO2 crystals
A exam to study the form and function of the swallowing reflex of the pharynx and esophagus is:
Esophagram
Another name for esophagram is:
Barium Swallow
What are the reasons for performing an esophagram?
1.) anatomical anomoly
2.) disease, process or cancer
3.) reflux
4.) impaired swallowing
5.) foreign body
6.) esophageal varices
Esophageal reflux can be diagnosed using what methods or techniques?
1.) toe touch
2.) water test
3.) compressions paddle
4.) breathing excercise
What is patient prep for an esophagram?
There is no patient prep
An exam to study the form and function of the distal esophagus, stomach and duodenum is:
Upper GI
What are reasons to perform an Upper GI series?
1.) diverticulum
2.) tumor, cancer
3.) gastritis
4.) hiatal hernia
5.) ulcer
6.) bezoar(ingested hair)
7.) pyloric stenosis
What is patient prep for an Upper GI?
NPO 8 hours
low residue diet for a couple days (jello, water)
no chewing gum or smoking for the NPO time
