Skull Test

Question 1

For an SMV projection, what part of the skull should be resting on the wall bucky or IR (tabletop)?

a.) side of interest
b.) non side of interest
c.) nose and forehead
d.) vertex

Answer 1

d.) vertex

Question 2

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

a.) EAM
b.) three-fourths inch (2cm) anterior and 3/4 inch (2cm) superior
c.) two inches (5cm) superior to the EAM
d.) midway between EAM and nasion

Answer 2

c.) two inches (5cm) superior to the EAM

Question 3

The ___________ should be ___________ to the IR for a PA axial haas. (choose the two answers that apply.)

a.) OML
b.) perpendicular
c.) parallel
d.) IOML

Answer 3

a.) OML
b.) perpendicular

Question 4

The CR should be ____________ to the IOML for SMV.

a.) parallel
b.) perpendicular

Answer 4

b.) perpendicular

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the placement of the IR for an AP axial (towne) projection of the skull to ensure that the vertex is in the xray field?
1.) upper margin at the level of the top of the cranium
2.) upper margin 2 1/2’’ above the glabella
3.) upper margin 2 1/2’’ below the orbital roofs

a.) 1 only
b.) none of the above
c.) 2 only
d.) 3 only

Answer 5

a.) 1 only

Question 6

The CR for PA axial Haas should be: (choose all that apply)

a.) 25 degrees cephalad
b.) 25 degrees caudad
c.) enter 1’’ above the inion
d.) exits 1.5’’ above the nasion

Answer 6

a.) 25 degrees cephalad
d.) exits 1.5’’ above the nasion

Question 7

The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:

a.) bursae
b.) cartilage
c.) sutures
d.) joints

Answer 7

c.) sutures

Question 8

The ____________ line is placed perpendicular to the image receptor for a true lateral skull projection?

a.) midsagital
b.) interpupillary
c.) OML
d.) AML

Answer 8

b.) interpupillary

Question 9

A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium. He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excesssive magnification of the occipital bone?

a.) use the AML and increase the CR angulation by 10 degrees
b.) use the IOML and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees
c.) perform the haas method
d.) perform a submentovertex projection of the AP axial projection

Answer 9

b.) use the IOML and increase the CR angulation by 7 degrees

Question 10

A radiograph of a PA axial projection (caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one third of the orbits. The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15 degrees caudal to the OML. How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

a.) Increase the extension of the skull
b.) increase the flexion of the skull
c.) increase the CR angulation
d.) none of the above, positioning was correct

Answer 10

d.) none of the above, positioning was correct

Question 11

The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:

a.) squamosal
b.) lambdoidal
c.) sagitall
d.) coronal

Answer 11

b.) lambdoidal

Question 12

Which of the following pertains to an AP axial (towne) cranial image obtained with the patients face rotated toward the right side?

a.) the atlass posterior arch is demonstrated within the foramen magnum
b.) the distance from the dorsum sella to the lateral foramen magnum on the patients left side is narrower than on the right side
c.) the dorsum sella is demonstrated superior to the foramen magnum
d.) the distance from the dorsum sella to the lateral foramen magnum on the patients right sidee is narrower than on the left side

Answer 12

c.) the dorsum sella is demonstrated superior to the foramen magnum

Question 13

Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?

a.) sphenoid
b.) ethmoid
c.) occipital
d.) temporal

Answer 13

a.) sphenoid

Question 14

Which of the following sutures seperates the parietal from the occipital bone?

a.) squamosal
b.) sagital
c.) lambdoidal
d.) coronal

Answer 14

c.) lambdoidal

Question 15

On a SMV, the _________ should be ______________ to the IR (choose the best two answers.)

a.) perpendicular
b.) OML
c.) Parallel
d.) IOML

Answer 15

c.) parallel
d.) IOML

Question 16

Often a patient cannot be turned into the proper position for a PA axial (mod caldwell) projection of the skull, what central ray angle would be used if an AP axial (rev. caldwell) projection was obtained?

a.) 30 degrees cephalic
b.) 23 degrees cephalic
c.) 15 degrees cephalic
d.) 10 degrees caudad

Answer 16

c.) 15 degrees cephalic

Question 17

Which of the following is an accurate evaluation criteria for a lateral trauma skull position?

a.) the sella turcica is in profile
b.) the sella turcica is projected within the foramen magnum
c.) the petrous ridges fill the lower 1/3 of the orbits
d.) none of the above

Answer 17

a.) the sella turcica is in profile

Question 18

How many bones are contained in the skull?

a.) 22
b.) 24
c.) 14
d.) 8

Answer 18

a.) 22

Question 19

The CR for an SMV should enter:

a.) at the nasion
b.) at the glabella
c.) between the angles of the mandible
d.) 2’’ above the EAM

Answer 19

c.) between the angles of the mandible

Question 20

If the AP towne is positioned correctly, what will be visualized?

a.) lateral borders of the foramen magnum are equidistant from the lateral borders of the skull
b.) posterior clinoids and dorsum sellae in the foramen magnum
c.) petrous projected into the foramen magnum
d.) sella turcica in profile

Answer 20

a.) lateral borders of the foramen magnum are equidistant from the lateral borders of the skull
b.) posterior clinoids and dorsum sella in the foramen magnum
c.) petrous projected into the foramen magnum

Question 21

Which parts of the patients face touch the table for a PA axial projection (caldwell method)?
1.) nose
2.) chin
3.) forehead

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 1 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 21

c.) 1 and 3

Question 22

Which skull type is broad from side to side?

a.) dolichocephalic
b.) brachycephalic
c.) mesocephalic

Answer 22

b.) brachycephalic

Question 23

How many bones make up the calvarua and the floor of the skull?

a.) 14
b.) 8
c.) 24
d.) 22

Answer 23

b.) 8

Question 24

If a patient cannot flex their neck for a townes view, which view should be performed?

a.) PA axial haas
b.) AP axial towne
c.) Lateral
d.) SMV

Answer 24

a.) PA axial haas

Question 25

Which of the following is an accurate evaluation criterion for an AP trauma skull projection? a.) the entire cranium is visualized b.) petrous ridges fill the orbits c.) there is a slight rotation to the right d.) both A and B

Answer 25

b.) petrous ridges fill the orbits

Question 26

The CR for AP axial towne projection should be centered: a.) at the glabella b.) 2'' above the EAM c.) 2'' above the nasion d.) 2.5'' above the glabella

Answer 26

d.) 2.5'' above the glabella

Question 27

The ridge of bone just inferior to the eyebrow is termed the: a.) frontal tuberosity b.) superciliary arch c.) glabella d.) supraorbital margin

Answer 27

b.) supercilliary arch

Question 28

The ridge of bone just inferior to the eyebrow is termed the: a.) frontal tuberosity b.) superciliary arch c.) glabella d.) supraorbital margin

Answer 28

b.) supercilliary arch

Question 29

The widest portion of the cranium is found at the level of the: a.) external acoustic meatus (EAM) b.) parietal eminence c.) right and left pterion d.) squamous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 29

b.) parietal eminence

Question 30

On an AP axial projection of the cranium (towne method) the dorsum sellae and posterior clinoids are demonstrated superior to the foramen magnum, what positioning error if any occured. a.) OML is not perpendicular, the chin needs to be flexed (tucked) more b.) the patient is rotated c.) the patient is positioned correctly d.) OML is not perpendicluar, the chin needs to be extended (brought up) more

Answer 30

a.) OML is not perpendicluar, the chin needs to be flexed (tucked) more

Question 31

There are a total of ______________ fontanels in an infant. a.) eight b.) six c.) four d.) two

Answer 31

b.) six

Question 32

Which skull suture is foudn between the temporal and parietal bones? a.) squamosal b.) coronal c.) sagital d.) lamndoidal

Answer 32

a.) squamosal

Question 33

Which cranial bone contains the cribiform plate? a.) sphenoid b.) occipital c.) ethmoid d.) temporal

Answer 33

c.) ethmoid

Question 34

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed- one is slightly superior to the other. Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome? a.) rotation b.) excessive rotation c.) tilt d.) excessive flexion

Answer 34

c.) tilt

Question 35

Which of the following anatomy will be seen on an AP towne? Choose all that apply. a.) dorsum sella b.) anterior and posterior clinoids c.) foramen magnum d.) sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses

Answer 35

a.) dorsum sella b.) anterior and posterior clinoids c.) foramen magnum

Question 36

The AP axial reverse caldwell projection for a trauma skull exam requires the CR to be: a.) 15 degrees cephalad to the orbitomeatal line b.) 15 degrees cephalad to the infraorbitomeatal line c.) 25 degrees caudad to the orbiotomeatal line d.) 15 degrees caudad to the orbitomeatal line

Answer 36

a.) 15 degrees cephalad to the orbitomeatal line

Question 37

Which of the following are the correct evaluation criteria for the PA axial haas view? (choose all that apply) a.) symmetrical petrous pyramids b.) equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the mandibular condyles c.) there is equal distance from the lateral borders of the skull to the lateral borders of the foramen magnum d.) superimposed TMJ's

Answer 37

a.) symmetrical petrous pyramids c.) there is equal distance from the lateral borders of the skull to the lateral borders of the foramen magnum

Question 38

THere is _________ difference betweeen the IOML and OML a.) 7 degrees b.) 1/2 inch c.) 5 degrese d.) 10 degrees

Answer 38

a.) 7 degrees

Question 39

The central ray is directed perpendicular to which reference line for the SMV projection of the sinsuses? a.) OML b.) IOML c.) AML d.) MML

Answer 39

b.) IOML

Question 40

Which of the following is perpendicular to the image receptor plane for a caldwell projection of the skull? a.) mentomeatal line b.) acanthiomeatal line c.) orbitomeatal line d.) glabellomeatal line

Answer 40

c.) orbitomeatal line

Question 41

A basilar skull fracture can be identified by fluid in the __________ sinus. a.) maxillary b.) sphenoid c.) frontal d.) ethmoid

Answer 41

b.) sphenoid

Question 42

The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone? a.) Occipital b.) parietal c.) temporal d.) sphenoid

Answer 42

a.) occipital