Lower GI Test

Question 1

Performing an RAO lower GI image is the same as performing a __________________

a.) RPO
b.) LPO
c.) LAO

Answer 1

b.) LPO

Question 2

The RAO position best demonstrates which of the following (choose all that apply)

a.) sigmoid
b.) rectum
c.) cecum
d.) ascending colon

Answer 2

a.) sigmoid
c.) cecum
d.) ascending colon

Question 3

How much obliquity is required for the RAO position for the esophagus?

a.) 35 to 40 degrees
b.) 10 to 15 degrees
c.) 20 to 30 degrees
d.) 45 to 60 degrees

Answer 3

a.) 35 to 40 degrees

Question 4

The CR for a lateral large intestine should be centered at:

a.) level of iliac crests
b.) symphisis pubis
c.) ASIS
d.) 2’’ above the iliac crests

Answer 4

c.) ASIS

Question 5

When performing right and left decubitus projections, the CR should be centered horizontally to the:

a.) none of these, the CR is different for each projection
b.) 2’’ above the iliac crest
c.) iliac crests
d.) 2’’ below the iliac crests

Answer 5

c.) iliac crests

Question 6

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?
1.) anus
2.) colon
3.) esophagus

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 6

b.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 7

An optimal exposure time when imaging a patient with hypermotility is ______________

a.) 0.6 s
b.) 0.2 s
c.) 0.1 s
d.) 1 s

Answer 7

c.) 0.1 s

Question 8

What are the two names for the left flexure of the large bowel?

Answer 8

left colic flexure

splenic flexure

Question 9

Often additional films may need to be taken if the _________________ is not seen in its entirety

a.) left flexure
b.) ascending colon
c.) right flexure
d.) sigmoid

Answer 9

a.) left flexure

Question 10

The main functions of the small bowel are ______________ of food.
1.) digestion
2.) absorption
3.) storage

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 10

b.) 1 and 2

Question 11

The small intestine is ___________ feet long.

Answer 11

22

Question 12

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?

a.) hypersthenic
b.) asthenic
c.) sthenic
d.) hyposthenic

Answer 12

b.) asthenic

Question 13

Iodinated contrast will result in _______________ in technical factors as compared to barium only.

a.) a decrease
b.) no change
c.) an increase

Answer 13

a.) a decrease

Question 14

The main function of the large bowel are:
1.) digestion
2.) reabsorption of fluids
3.) elimination of waste products

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 2 and 3

Answer 14

d.) 2 and 3

Question 15

The benefit of using gastrograffin is : ( choose all that apply )

a.) shows up the intestines better than barium
b.) easily absorbed
c.) can be used with air as a double contrast study
d.) easily aspirated

Answer 15

b.) easily absorbed
d.) easily aspirated

Question 16

What can be done to help relieve the patients abdominal cramping during a BE?

a.) allow the patient to stand up
b.) drop the barium bag below the patient/tube
c.) turn the patient onto their back
d.) slow or stop the flow of barium

Answer 16

d.) slow or stop the flow of barium

Question 17

The largest portion of the small intesting is the:

a.) cecum
b.) ileum
c.) dudenum
d.) jejunum

Answer 17

b.) ileum

Question 18

Which flexure of the large bowel sits lower?

Why does it sit lower?

Answer 18

The right flexure sits lower because of the placement of the liver

Question 19

Place the following in the order in which they occur in the small intestine:

1.) duodenum
2.) jejunum
3.) ileum

Answer 19

1, 2, 3

Question 20

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?
1.) AP
2.) PA
3.) lateral

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 20

a.) 1 and 2

Question 21

Temperature of the barium and water suspension should be:

a.) 85 to 90 degrees
b.) 75 degrees
c.) 98.6 (body temperature
d.) 100 degrees

Answer 21

a.) 85 to 90 degrees

Question 22

Where should the CR be directed for a left lateral decubitus BE?

a.) 1-2 inches below the iliac crest
b.) 1-2 inches above the iliac crest
c.) 2 inches above the ASIS
d.) at the level of the iliac crest

Answer 22

d.) at the level of the iliac crest

Question 23

A right lateral decub of the colon demonstrates which portions the best: (choose all that apply)

a.) lateral side of descending colon
b.) medial side of descending colon
c.) lateral side of ascending colon
d.) medial side of ascending colon

Answer 23

a.) lateral side of descending colon
d.) medial side of ascending colon

Question 24

The enema tip should never be inserted more than:

a.) 4 inches
b.) 6 inches
c.) 2 inches
d.) 1 inches

Answer 24

a.) 4 inches

Question 25

A left lateral decub of the colon demonstrates which portions the best: (choose all that apply)

a.) lateral side of descending colon
b.) medial side of ascending colon
c.) lateral side of ascending colon
d.) medial side of descending colon

Answer 25

c.) lateral side of ascending colon
d.) medial side of descending colon

Question 26

The area of most interest on a lateral projection of the large intestine is the:

a.) rectosigmoid
b.) transverse colon
c.) ascending colon
d.) descending colon

Answer 26

a.) rectosigmoid

Question 27

Explain how centering should be adjusted for initial images of a small bowel series versus centering for delayed images.

Answer 27

2 inches above crest for initial images, center at crest for delayed

Question 28

Prone images of the small bowel are used because:

a.) the right and left flexures are best demonstrated
b.) duodenum and jejunum are best demonstrated
c.) compress the abdomen and increase image quality
d.) the sigmoid colon is best demonstrated

Answer 28

c.) compress the abdomen and increase image quality

Question 29

When would gastrograffin be contraindicted?

a.) perforation of the stomach or intestines
b.) iodinated contrast allergy
c.) pre-surgery
d.) bowel obstruction

Answer 29

b.) iodinated contrats allergy

Question 30

During fluoroscopic image intensification, the primary x ray beam exits the patient and strikes the ___________ of the image intensifier

a.) electrostatic lenses
b.) photocathode
c.) output screen
d.) input screen

Answer 30

d.) input screen

Question 31

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the:

a.) vermiform appendix
b.) sigmoid colon
c.) cecum
d.) rectum

Answer 31

c.) cecum

Question 32

The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?

a.) lateral
b.) PA or AP
c.) PA oblique
d.) PA axial

Answer 32

b.) PA or AP

Question 33

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

a.) ileocecal valve
b.) pyloric sphincter
c.) pyloric antrum
d.) pylorous

Answer 33

b.) pyloric sphincter

Question 34

Which of the following preps should occur for a small bowel series:
1.) low residue diet for 2 days
2.) laxative
3.) NPO for at least 8 hours
4.) stool softeners

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2, 3
c.) all of these
d.) 2 and 4

Answer 34

a.) 1 and 3

Question 35

Why would a double contrast BE be indicated for a patient?

Answer 35

obstruction, disease, look at air fluid levels, the use of air and barium

Question 36

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:

a.) pyloric valve
b.) ileocecal valve
c.) greater duodenal papilla
d.) ampulla of vater

Answer 36

b.) ileocecal valve

Question 37

Protective aprons worn during fluoroscopy must possess ____________ mm lead equivalency.

a.) 0.25
b.) 0.75
c.) 1
d.) 0.5

Answer 37

d.) 0.5

Question 38

The anatomy demonstrated on an AP axial lower GI image will be:

a.) elongation of the rectosigmoid area
b.) the right flexure is open
c.) air/fluid levels
d.) the descending large intestine is seen unobstructed

Answer 38

a.) elongation of the rectosigmoid area

Question 39

When performing delayed images of the small bowel the CR should be centered at:

a.) the iliac crest
b.) ASIS
c.) 2’’ above the iliac crest
d.) 2’’ below th iliac crest

Answer 39

a.) at the iliac crest

Question 40

A small bowel series can be performed by which of the following methods:
1.) reflux
2.) enteroclysis
3.) oral

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 3 only
d.) 2 and 3

Answer 40

b.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 41

Barium enemas are performed in a ___________ fashion where barium is introduced against the normal flow.

a.) forward
b.) colloidal
c.) antegrade
d.) retrograde

Answer 41

d.) retrograde

Question 42

The GI system can only be evaluated by using barium.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 42

b.) false

Question 43

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:

a.) mastication
b.) peristalsis
c.) respiration
d.) duglutition

Answer 43

b.) peristalsis

Question 44

What are the two names for the right flexure of the large bowel?

Answer 44

right colic flexure

hepatic flexure

Question 45

Which of the following best demonstrates the descending colon? (choose all that apply)

a.) LAO
b.) RPO
c.) LPO
d.) RAO

Answer 45

a.) LAO
b.) RPO

Question 46

The central ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is:

a.) 10 to 20 degrees cephalad
b.) 30 to 40 degrees cephalad
c.) 30 to 40 degrees caudad
d.) 10 to 20 degrees caudad

Answer 46

b.) 30 to 40 degrees cephalad

Question 47

All lower GI images should be performed on:

a.) suspended only (stop breathing)
b.) expiration
c.) inspiration
d.) breathing technique

Answer 47

b.) expiration

Question 48

Decubitus images are used:

a.) only when barium is used
b.) when iodinated contrast is used
c.) when air is used
d.) only with an “ostomy”

Answer 48

c.) when air is used

Question 49

The fluoroscopy xray tube in conventional R/F units is located:

a.) in the fluoro tower
b.) under the patient and the table
c.) just above the image intensifier
d.) between the patient and the image intensifier

Answer 49

b.) under the patient and the table

Question 50

The AP/PA axial large intestine projection best demonstrates:

a.) transverse colon
b.) right flexure
c.) rectosigmoid
d.) left flexure

Answer 50

c.) rectosigmoid

Question 51

The best ways to minimize discomfort during filling of barium into the colon is: (choose all that apply)

a.) instruct patient to roll onto their stomach
b.) instruct patient to relax their abdomen
c.) instruct patient to do deep breathing
d.) instruct patient to communicate abdominal cramping

Answer 51

b.) instruct patient to relax their abdomen
c.) instruct patient to do deep breathing
d.) instruct patient to communicate abdominal cramping

Question 52

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

a.) five
b.) three
c.) four
d.) eight

Answer 52

b.) three

Question 53

Haustra are:

a.) pouches of the large intestine
b.) where the ileum of the small bowel and the ascending portion of the large intestine meet
c.) muscular bands that run along the large intestine
d.) also known as the appendix

Answer 53

a.) pouches of the large intestine

Question 54

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?
1.) PA oblique, LAO
2.) AP oblique, RPO
3.) left lateral

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 2 and 3

Answer 54

a.) 1 and 2

Question 55

The portion of the small intestine that is a c loop is:

a.) cecum
b.) ileum
c.) jejunum
d.) duodenum

Answer 55

d.) duodenum

Question 56

Quantam mottle is a blotchy or grainy appearance caused by excessive radiation to create a uniform image.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 56

b.) false

Question 57

The LPO position demonstrates which of the following : (choose all that apply)

a.) rectum
b.) sigmoid
c.) ascending colon
d.) cecum

Answer 57

b.) sigmoid
c.) ascending colon
d.) cecum

Question 58

Gastrograffin is considered to be:
1.) iodinated
2.) water soluble
3.) double contrast
4.) non ionic
5.) colloidal

a.) 2 and 5
b.) 2 and 4
c.) 3 and 4
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 58

d.) 1and 2

Question 59

In a patient with normal motility , once barium reaches the small intestine, it will take approximately _____________ for barium to reach the cecum.

a.) 6 hours
b.) 1 hours
c.) 30 minutes
d.) 2 hours

Answer 59

d.) 2 hours

Question 60

Which area of the colon is seen with less superimposition by adding an angle to the CR?

a.) rectosigmoid
b.) right flexure
c.) left flexure
d.) ascending colon

Answer 60

a.) rectosigmoid

Question 61

The first delayed image in a small bowel series should be performed in:

a.) 15 minutes
b.) 45 minutes
c.) 30 minutes
d.) 1 hour

Answer 61

a.) 15 minutes

Question 62

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?
1.) mouth and pharynx
2.) stomach and intestine
3.) liver and pancreas

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 62

b.) 1 and 2

Question 63

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is _______________ degrees.

a.) 30
b.) 35 to 45
c.) 45
d.) 20 to 30

Answer 63

b.) 35 to 45

Question 64

During a small bowel series the patient is ready for fluoroscopy when barium reaches the ____________________

a.) ileocecal valve
b.) rectum
c.) duodenum
d.) ascending colon

Answer 64

a.) ileocecal valve

Question 65

When a post evacuation image is performed technical factors should be ______________ as compared to images taken before evacuation.

a.) increased
b.) stay the same
c.) decreased

Answer 65

c.) decreased

Question 66

when performing a scout image of the small bowel the CR should be centered at:

a.) ASIS
b.) 2’’ above the iliac crest
c.) the iliac crest
d.) 2’’ below the iliac crest

Answer 66

b.) 2’’ above the iliac crest

Question 67

Which of the following is the appropriate patient prep for a small bowel series?

a.) no food after the evening meal on the day before
b.) no medications should be taken
c.) No breakfast
d.) low residue diet for 2 days

Answer 67

a.) no food after the evening meal on the day before
c.) No breakfast
d.) low residue diet for 2 days

Question 68

Air is considered to be a ________ contrast agent.

a.) positive
b.) negative

Answer 68

b.) negative

Question 69

An indicator of a good lateral position for the large intestine is:

a.) pelvis is rotated
b.) patient is in the sims position
c.) rectosigmoid area is not superimposed
d.) superimposed hips and femurs

Answer 69

d.) superimposed hips and femurs

Question 70

What is the purpose of a retention cuff during a BE?

Answer 70

to hold in place

Question 71

At which place is the CR positioned for the left anterior oblique (LAO) of the large intestine?

a.) midsagital plane
b.) a longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column
c.) a longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side
d.) a longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side

Answer 71

c.) a longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side

Question 72

Supine images of the small bowel are used because:

a.) the sigmoid colon is best demonstrated
b.) the right and left flexures are best demonstrated
c.) compress the abdomen and increase image quality
d.) duodenum and jejunum are best demonstrated

Answer 72

d.) duodenum and jejunum are best demonstrated

Question 73

The minimum source to skin distance is 12’’ for mobile fluoroscopic equippment

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 73

a.) true

Question 74

For enema insertion the patient should be rotated:

a.) forward 35 to 40 degrees
b.) backward 30 degrees
c.) forward into the lateral position

Answer 74

a.) forward 35 to 40 degrees

Question 75

Preperation of the intestinal tract for examination of the colon includes:
1.) laxatives
2.) dietary restrictions
3.) cleansing enemas

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 2
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 75

d.) 1, 2 and 3