Sinus/Orbits Test

Question 1

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding?

a.) insufficient extension
b.) excessive extension
c.) no error, accept initial radiograph
d.) excessive CR angulation

Answer 1

a.) insufficient extension

Question 2

If a patient is correctly positioned for a modified waters of the orbits, where should the petrous ridges be?

a.) well below the orbits
b.) in the lower half of the orbits
c.) above the orbits
d.) in the lower third of the orbits

Answer 2

a.) well below the orbits

Question 3

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus?
1.) all four sinus groups
2.) superimposed orbital roofs
3.) superimposed mandibular rami

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 3

c.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 4

A radiograph of a submentovertex projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eleminate this problem?

a.) increase the flexion of the head and neck
b.) perform the projection with the patient supine
c.) increase the extension of the head and neck
d.) perform the axiolateral oblique instead of the submentovertex

Answer 4

c.) increase the extension of the head and neck

Question 5

Patients who are having an examination of the paranasal sinuses should always be examined in the upright position to:

1.) demonstrate the precense or absence of fluid
2.) differentiate between fluid and other pathological conditions
3.) make it easier for the radiographer to position the patient

a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 5

a.) 1 and 2

Question 6

The largest sinus is the:

a.) maxillary
b.) sphenoidal
c.) frontal
d.) ethmoidal

Answer 6

a.) maxillary

Question 7

The best position to demonstrate the sphenoidal sinuses is the ____________ projection.

a.) submentovertex
b.) lateral
c.) parietoacanthial (waters)
d.) PA caldwell

Answer 7

b.) lateral

Question 8

A patient is unable to sufficiently hyperextend the neck for an SMV (schueller) cranial image. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?

a.) align the central ray perpendicular to the OML
b.) extend the patients neck as far as possible, and use a perpendicular central ray
c.) align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML
d.) the image cannot be obtained

Answer 8

c.) align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML

Question 9

What is the most common reason orbits are done?

a.) to look for a bone lesion
b.) to evaluate the optic nerve
c.) to check for a fracture
d.) foreign body localization

Answer 9

d.) foreign body localization

Question 10

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses?
1.) parietoacanthial (waters)
2.) PA axial (caldwell)
3.) submentovertical

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 2 only

Answer 10

c.) 1 only

Question 11

The __________ sinuses are divided by a septum.

a.) nasal
b.) maxillary
c.) frontal
d.) ethmoid

Answer 11

c.) frontal

Question 12

Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses?
1.) lateral
2.) PA axial (caldwell)
3.) SMV

a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 12

b.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 13

A basilar skull fracture can be identified by fluid in the ____________ sinus.

a.) maxillary
b.) frontal
c.) ethmoid
d.) sphenoid

Answer 13

d.) sphenoid

Question 14

No rotation or tilt on a lateral projection of the orbits will be evident by:

a.) symphisis is superimposed over the frontal bone
b.) petrous below the orbits
c.) equal distances from the lateral borders of the skull to the outer canthus
d.) superimposed orbital roofs

Answer 14

d.) superimposed orbital roofs

Question 15

If the bucky does not tilt 15 degrees for a PA caldwell of the sinuses, what is the next best way to obtain the same results?

Answer 15

use an angle sponge for the patient to lean forehead against to pertain the same angle

Question 16

Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?

a.) use of medium kv
b.) small focal spot
c.) horizontal xray beam
d.) use of IR without a grid

Answer 16

c.) horizontal xray beam

Question 17

Correct evaluation criteria for PA caldwell sinuses is: (choose all that apply)

a.) there is equal distances between the lateral borders of the skull and lateral borders of the orbits
b.) petrous ridges are seen below the maxillary sinuses
c.) petrous ridges are seen in the lower third of the orbits
d.) petrous ridges fill the orbits

Answer 17

a.) there is equal distances between the lateral borders of the skull and lateral borders of the orbits
c.) petrous ridges are seen in the lower third of the orbits

Question 18

The ____________ portion of the eye allows light to be transmitted into the eyeball.

a.) cornea
b.) iris
c.) retina
d.) sclera

Answer 18

a.) cornea

Question 19

What is exudate?

Answer 19

mucous clinging to the sides

Question 20

Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica?

a.) frontal
b.) sphenoidal
c.) ethmoidal
d.) maxillary

Answer 20

b.) sphenoidal

Question 21

The floor of the orbit is formed mostly by the:

a.) palatine
b.) zygoma
c.) sphenoid
d.) maxilla

Answer 21

a.) palatine
b.) zygoma
d.) maxilla

Question 22

At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed?

a.) 14
b.) 18
c.) 10
d.) 8

Answer 22

b.) 18

Question 23

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses?

a.) at the level of the nasion
b.) midway between the outer canthus and the EAM
c.) upside EAM (side away from the IR)
d.) midway between the acanthion and the EAM

Answer 23

b.) midway between the outer canthus and the EAM

Question 24

The orbit is made up of __________ cranial bones and ____________ facial bones.

a.) three, four
b.) four, five
c.) two, five
d.) three, two

Answer 24

a.) three, four

Question 25

The CR for a modified waters projection of the orbits should be:

a.) 30 degrees caudal to mid orbits
b.) perpendicular to the acanthion
c.) perpendicular to mid orbits
d.) 15 degrees caudal to the acanthion

Answer 25

c.) perpendicular to mid orbits

Question 26

Which of the following structures are described as scroll like projections found in the nasal cavity?

a.) conchae
b.) pterygoid processes
c.) septal cartilage
d.) perpendicular plate

Answer 26

a.) conchae

Question 27

Which group of sinuses is divided into three groups (anterior, middle, posterior)?

a.) maxillary
b.) frontal
c.) ethmoid
d.) sphenoid

Answer 27

c.) ethmoid

Question 28

The ___________ sinuses are pyramidal in shape and only have 3 walls.

a.) ethmoid
b.) sphenoid
c.) maxillary
d.) frontal

Answer 28

c.) maxillary

Question 29

The ________ allow the eyeball to move.

a.) retroorbital fat
b.) cornea
c.) rectus muscles
d.) optic nerve

Answer 29

c.) rectus muscles

Question 30

What is sphenoid effusion?

Answer 30

fluid in the sphenoid sinus

Question 31

If someone is hit directly in the eye, a ____________ fracture can occur

a.) lefort
b.) colles
c.) blowout
d.) tripod

Answer 31

c.) blowout

Question 32

A radiograph of a PA projection of the sinuses reveals that the petrous ridges are projected over the ethmoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this superimposition , while not compromising diagnostic quality?

a.) have the patient open his mouth
b.) increase extension of the head and neck slightly
c.) increase flexion of the head and neck slightly
d.) angle the CR 5 to 10 degrees caudad

Answer 32

b.) increase extension of the head and neck slightly

Question 33

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?

a.) perpendicular plate
b.) lateral labyrinth
c.) cribiform plate
d.) pterygoid processes

Answer 33

b.) lateral labyrinth

Question 34

The OML should form a _______________ degree angle to the IR for a modified waters projection of the orbit

a.) 30
b.) 37
c.) 15
d.) 50

Answer 34

d.) 50

Question 35

The anterior aspect of the orbit is termed the:

a.) crown
b.) apex
c.) base
d.) sphenoid strut

Answer 35

c.) base

Question 36

Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses?
1.) decrease the weight of the skull
2.) warm and moisten inhaled air
3.) provide a resonating chamber for voice

a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 3
d.) 1 and 2

Answer 36

b.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 37

The parietoacanthial projection (waters) method of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR?

a.) 20 degrees
b.) 37 degrees
c.) 27 degrees
d.) 30 degrees

Answer 37

b.) 37 degrees

Question 38

The eyeball is situated in the ____________ part of the orbital cavity.

a.) posterior
b.) medial
c.) lateral
d.) anterior

Answer 38

d.) anterior

Question 39

A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (waters) projection for sinuses reveals that the petrous pyramids are projected over the maxillary sinuses. What positioning error is present on this radiograph?

a.) excessive extension
b.) excessive CR angulation
c.) excessive flexion
d.) rotation of the head

Answer 39

c.) excessive flexion

Question 40

The thin plate of bone situated in MSP of floor of nasal cavity is called the:

a.) sphenoid
b.) ethmoid
c.) vomer
d.) lacrimal

Answer 40

c.) vomer

Question 41

On a PA axial projection of the orbits, the CR is directed __________ at a _________________ degree angle.

a.) cephalic, 45
b.) caudad, 30
c.) caudad, 15
d.) cephalic, 25

Answer 41

b.) caudad, 30

Question 42

The root between the optic foramen/canal and the superior orbital fissue is the ____________.

a.) sphenoid strut
b.) optic nerve
c.) inferior orbital fissure
d.) superior orbital fissure

Answer 42

a.) sphenoid strut

Question 43

The medial walls of the orbits is formed mostly by the:

a.) maxilla
b.) lacrimal
c.) ethmoid
d.) frontal

Answer 43

b.) lacrimal

Question 44

The two labyrinths are located within which bone?

Answer 44

ethmoid

Question 45

The _________ sinuses develop last and are not likely fully developed until the teenage years

a.) ethmoid
b.) maxillary
c.) sphenoid
d.) nasal

Answer 45

a.) ethmoid

Question 46

For a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses the central ray is directed:

a.) 2 inches anterior to the eam
b.) 1 inch anterior to the eam
c.) 2 inches posterior to the outer canthus
d.) 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus

Answer 46

d.) 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus

Question 47

Infections involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses.

a.) true
b.) false

Answer 47

b.) false

Question 48

The exposed portion of the eyeball is covered by a thin mucous membrane known as the:

a.) cornea
b.) iris
c.) sclera
d.) conjuctiva

Answer 48

d.) conjuctiva

Question 49

Which projections best demonstrates the floor of the orbits?

a.) lateral facial bones
b.) modified waters
c.) pa axial caldwell without modification
d>) waters

Answer 49

b.) modified waters