Sinus/Orbits Test Flashcards
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (waters) projection reveals that the petrous ridges are superimposed over the lower 30% of the maxillary sinuses. What specific positioning error (if any) led to this radiographic finding?
a.) insufficient extension
b.) excessive extension
c.) no error, accept initial radiograph
d.) excessive CR angulation
a.) insufficient extension
If a patient is correctly positioned for a modified waters of the orbits, where should the petrous ridges be?
a.) well below the orbits
b.) in the lower half of the orbits
c.) above the orbits
d.) in the lower third of the orbits
a.) well below the orbits
Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus?
1.) all four sinus groups
2.) superimposed orbital roofs
3.) superimposed mandibular rami
a.) 1 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2
c.) 1, 2 and 3
A radiograph of a submentovertex projection reveals that the mandible is superimposed over the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eleminate this problem?
a.) increase the flexion of the head and neck
b.) perform the projection with the patient supine
c.) increase the extension of the head and neck
d.) perform the axiolateral oblique instead of the submentovertex
c.) increase the extension of the head and neck
Patients who are having an examination of the paranasal sinuses should always be examined in the upright position to:
1.) demonstrate the precense or absence of fluid
2.) differentiate between fluid and other pathological conditions
3.) make it easier for the radiographer to position the patient
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 and 2
The largest sinus is the:
a.) maxillary
b.) sphenoidal
c.) frontal
d.) ethmoidal
a.) maxillary
The best position to demonstrate the sphenoidal sinuses is the ____________ projection.
a.) submentovertex
b.) lateral
c.) parietoacanthial (waters)
d.) PA caldwell
b.) lateral
A patient is unable to sufficiently hyperextend the neck for an SMV (schueller) cranial image. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal image to be obtained?
a.) align the central ray perpendicular to the OML
b.) extend the patients neck as far as possible, and use a perpendicular central ray
c.) align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML
d.) the image cannot be obtained
c.) align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML
What is the most common reason orbits are done?
a.) to look for a bone lesion
b.) to evaluate the optic nerve
c.) to check for a fracture
d.) foreign body localization
d.) foreign body localization
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses?
1.) parietoacanthial (waters)
2.) PA axial (caldwell)
3.) submentovertical
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 2 only
c.) 1 only
The __________ sinuses are divided by a septum.
a.) nasal
b.) maxillary
c.) frontal
d.) ethmoid
c.) frontal
Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses?
1.) lateral
2.) PA axial (caldwell)
3.) SMV
a.) 1 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 2
b.) 1, 2 and 3
A basilar skull fracture can be identified by fluid in the ____________ sinus.
a.) maxillary
b.) frontal
c.) ethmoid
d.) sphenoid
d.) sphenoid
No rotation or tilt on a lateral projection of the orbits will be evident by:
a.) symphisis is superimposed over the frontal bone
b.) petrous below the orbits
c.) equal distances from the lateral borders of the skull to the outer canthus
d.) superimposed orbital roofs
d.) superimposed orbital roofs
If the bucky does not tilt 15 degrees for a PA caldwell of the sinuses, what is the next best way to obtain the same results?
use an angle sponge for the patient to lean forehead against to pertain the same angle
Along with the use of erect positions, what other technical factor is important to demonstrate air/fluid levels in paranasal sinuses?
a.) use of medium kv
b.) small focal spot
c.) horizontal xray beam
d.) use of IR without a grid
c.) horizontal xray beam
Correct evaluation criteria for PA caldwell sinuses is: (choose all that apply)
a.) there is equal distances between the lateral borders of the skull and lateral borders of the orbits
b.) petrous ridges are seen below the maxillary sinuses
c.) petrous ridges are seen in the lower third of the orbits
d.) petrous ridges fill the orbits
a.) there is equal distances between the lateral borders of the skull and lateral borders of the orbits
c.) petrous ridges are seen in the lower third of the orbits
The ____________ portion of the eye allows light to be transmitted into the eyeball.
a.) cornea
b.) iris
c.) retina
d.) sclera
a.) cornea
What is exudate?
mucous clinging to the sides
Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica?
a.) frontal
b.) sphenoidal
c.) ethmoidal
d.) maxillary
b.) sphenoidal
The floor of the orbit is formed mostly by the:
a.) palatine
b.) zygoma
c.) sphenoid
d.) maxilla
a.) palatine
b.) zygoma
d.) maxilla
At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed?
a.) 14
b.) 18
c.) 10
d.) 8
b.) 18
Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sinuses?
a.) at the level of the nasion
b.) midway between the outer canthus and the EAM
c.) upside EAM (side away from the IR)
d.) midway between the acanthion and the EAM
b.) midway between the outer canthus and the EAM
The orbit is made up of __________ cranial bones and ____________ facial bones.
a.) three, four
b.) four, five
c.) two, five
d.) three, two
a.) three, four
The CR for a modified waters projection of the orbits should be:
a.) 30 degrees caudal to mid orbits
b.) perpendicular to the acanthion
c.) perpendicular to mid orbits
d.) 15 degrees caudal to the acanthion
c.) perpendicular to mid orbits
Which of the following structures are described as scroll like projections found in the nasal cavity?
a.) conchae
b.) pterygoid processes
c.) septal cartilage
d.) perpendicular plate
a.) conchae
Which group of sinuses is divided into three groups (anterior, middle, posterior)?
a.) maxillary
b.) frontal
c.) ethmoid
d.) sphenoid
c.) ethmoid
The ___________ sinuses are pyramidal in shape and only have 3 walls.
a.) ethmoid
b.) sphenoid
c.) maxillary
d.) frontal
c.) maxillary
The ________ allow the eyeball to move.
a.) retroorbital fat
b.) cornea
c.) rectus muscles
d.) optic nerve
c.) rectus muscles
What is sphenoid effusion?
fluid in the sphenoid sinus
If someone is hit directly in the eye, a ____________ fracture can occur
a.) lefort
b.) colles
c.) blowout
d.) tripod
c.) blowout
A radiograph of a PA projection of the sinuses reveals that the petrous ridges are projected over the ethmoid sinuses. Which of the following modifications will eliminate this superimposition , while not compromising diagnostic quality?
a.) have the patient open his mouth
b.) increase extension of the head and neck slightly
c.) increase flexion of the head and neck slightly
d.) angle the CR 5 to 10 degrees caudad
b.) increase extension of the head and neck slightly
Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?
a.) perpendicular plate
b.) lateral labyrinth
c.) cribiform plate
d.) pterygoid processes
b.) lateral labyrinth
The OML should form a _______________ degree angle to the IR for a modified waters projection of the orbit
a.) 30
b.) 37
c.) 15
d.) 50
d.) 50
The anterior aspect of the orbit is termed the:
a.) crown
b.) apex
c.) base
d.) sphenoid strut
c.) base
Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses?
1.) decrease the weight of the skull
2.) warm and moisten inhaled air
3.) provide a resonating chamber for voice
a.) 2 and 3
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 1 and 3
d.) 1 and 2
b.) 1, 2 and 3
The parietoacanthial projection (waters) method of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR?
a.) 20 degrees
b.) 37 degrees
c.) 27 degrees
d.) 30 degrees
b.) 37 degrees
The eyeball is situated in the ____________ part of the orbital cavity.
a.) posterior
b.) medial
c.) lateral
d.) anterior
d.) anterior
A radiograph of a parietoacanthial (waters) projection for sinuses reveals that the petrous pyramids are projected over the maxillary sinuses. What positioning error is present on this radiograph?
a.) excessive extension
b.) excessive CR angulation
c.) excessive flexion
d.) rotation of the head
c.) excessive flexion
The thin plate of bone situated in MSP of floor of nasal cavity is called the:
a.) sphenoid
b.) ethmoid
c.) vomer
d.) lacrimal
c.) vomer
On a PA axial projection of the orbits, the CR is directed __________ at a _________________ degree angle.
a.) cephalic, 45
b.) caudad, 30
c.) caudad, 15
d.) cephalic, 25
b.) caudad, 30
The root between the optic foramen/canal and the superior orbital fissue is the ____________.
a.) sphenoid strut
b.) optic nerve
c.) inferior orbital fissure
d.) superior orbital fissure
a.) sphenoid strut
The medial walls of the orbits is formed mostly by the:
a.) maxilla
b.) lacrimal
c.) ethmoid
d.) frontal
b.) lacrimal
The two labyrinths are located within which bone?
ethmoid
The _________ sinuses develop last and are not likely fully developed until the teenage years
a.) ethmoid
b.) maxillary
c.) sphenoid
d.) nasal
a.) ethmoid
For a lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses the central ray is directed:
a.) 2 inches anterior to the eam
b.) 1 inch anterior to the eam
c.) 2 inches posterior to the outer canthus
d.) 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus
d.) 1 inch posterior to the outer canthus
Infections involving the upper teeth may involve the frontal sinuses.
a.) true
b.) false
b.) false
The exposed portion of the eyeball is covered by a thin mucous membrane known as the:
a.) cornea
b.) iris
c.) sclera
d.) conjuctiva
d.) conjuctiva
Which projections best demonstrates the floor of the orbits?
a.) lateral facial bones
b.) modified waters
c.) pa axial caldwell without modification
d>) waters
b.) modified waters
