UE function and Dementia Flashcards
the process by which various brain ans spinal centers work cooperatively to accommodate the demands of intended movements
systems theory
Reaching, grasping and manipulating
sensory info on characteristics of object
Weight
Firmness
shape
slickness
timing problems
impaired inter-limb coordination
proximal weakness
reach dysfunction
anticipatory hand shape grip force precision grip premature finger closure slow release
grasp dysfunction
knowledge acquisition comprehension thinking knowing remembering
temporo-parietal areas
judgment
problems solving
imagination
planning
frontal areas
Types of memory
sensory
working memory
Long term memory
Sensory memory
Working memory
long term memory
Lifetime explicit memory (conscious) implicit memory (unconscious)
Explicit memory
Declarative memory
declarative memory
facts events
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
autobiography
Semantic memory
facts
concepts
implicit memory
procedural memory
procedural memory
skills
what is it?
occipital lobes
How does it relate to me
temporal lobes
how do i feel about it
limbic system
what do i think about it
frontal lobe
brain aging begins between ages
20 and 30
disturbance of consciousness change in cognition acute onset (hours to days) Fluctuating symptoms evidence of medical etiology Strong predictor of poor functional and cognitive status in the year following hospital admission
delirium
Confusion assessment method CAM
Diagnosis of delirium requires
- acute onset and fluctuating course
- altered level of consciousness
- inattention
- Disorganized thinking
presence of both 1 and 2 and either 3 or 4
impairments in thinking and memory that do not interfere with every day activities
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
MCI memory only
amnestic type
MCI judgment and or language
Multi-domain
forgets names loses objects forgets items on a list forgets multiple tasks forgets phone numbers unable to recall info after distraction Score >1 SD below mean on memory test
symptoms of MCI
Reaction time dual task performance word fluency category fluency delayed verbal recall narrative recall name face pair recall complex figure copying
detection of MCI
syndrome of impairment in memory and at least one other cognitive ability
language
visuospatial function
executive funtion
dementia
coherent speech or ability to understand spoken or written language
language
recognition of common objects
visuospatial function
motor function, abstract and complex thought, and/or judgment
executive function
fogetfulness confusion weight loss sleep disturbance gait abnormalities ADL deficits
Early signs of dementia
protein accumulation outside the neurons
beta amyloid
plaques
accumulation inside the neurons
tau protien
tangles
disorientation, loss of insight
loss of logical reasoning, poor judgement
perceptual problems, inability to perform arithmetic
inability to learn, loss of attention
language impairment, apathy
withdrawal, impaired ADLs
cognitive AD symptoms
paranoia, delusions sleep disturbance, hallucinations agitation/aggression, wandering/sundowning anxiety, depression hostility, fear, jealousy, insecurity
non cognitive AD symptoms
repeats questions anhedonia word finding problems frequently loses items personality changes
stage 1: 2-4 years
becomes lost easily confusion over recent events ADL impairments Argumentative Pacing Anxiety/depression delusions
stage 2: 2-10 years
unable to perform ADLs
impaired speech/comprehension
Unable to recognize family/friends
Unable to recognize self
stage 3: 1-3 years
diagnostic criteria for AD
deficit in memory and at least one other cognitive domain
decline from previous function that interferes with social or occupational functioning
Gradual onset and continuous decline (>6 mo)
Not due to other systemic, CNS, psychiatric, or drug induced condition
Consciousness remains unaltered
Hemiparesis visual deficits incontinence pseudobulbar signs executive deficits psychomotor impairment personality/mood change hyperreflexia gait disturbance
Symptoms of VD
CADASIL
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with sub-cortical infarts and luekoencephalopathy
inherited genetic mutation
strong association with migraines
palliative treatment
CADASIL
clinical syndrome of varying pathologies
frototemporal dementias
monitoring
orbitofrontal area
motivation
anterior cingulate
executive functions
dorsolateral prefrontal areas
characterized by pick bodies and cells - abnormal formation and accumulation of tau protein in neurons
selective for frontal and temporal lobes
Picks disease
aggressive, inappropriate behavior early onset of language pathology incontinence sociopathic, obsessive or steriotyped behaviors may occur with parkinsonianism
picks disease
associated with left temporal dysfunction
loss of semantic memory and knowledge
initial sparing of episodic memory and other cognitive functions
impairment on language syntax, phonology
Semantic Dementia
Loss of expressive language
comprehension often spared, especially in early stages
primary progressive aphasia
accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein inside neural nuclei
close associations with parkinson’s disease and AD
Lewy body Dementia
Striking fluctuations in cognition visual hallucinations Bradykinesia parkinsonian posture and gait tremor is less common, usually less severe
Lewy body dementia
People with cognitive impairment CANNOT
comprehend the environment
adapt to the environment
Cope with the environment
