Udemy 2 Flashcards
Question 1:
Which of the following is an agile technique that regularly checks the effectiveness of the quality process, looks for the root cause of issues, and suggests trials of new approaches to improve quality?
Retrospectives
Backlog refinement
User stories
Sprints
Correct answerRetrospectivesBacklog refinementUser storiesSprintsOverall explanationRecurring retrospectives regularly check on the effectiveness of the quality process. They look for the root cause of issues and suggest trials of new approaches to improve quality. PMBOK Guide 6 Page 276.
Question 2:
In an Agile environment, the facilitator and coach for the project team is known as:
Functional manager
Servant-leader
Product owner
Project sponsor
Functional managerCorrect answerServant-leaderProduct ownerProject sponsorOverall explanationIn an Agile environment, project managers are servant-leaders, changing their emphasis to coaching people who want help, fostering greater collaboration on the team, and aligning stakeholder needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 38.
Question 3:
Your team collected the technical requirements of the new fire fighting system for your building, and they have defined the project scope. Which of the following approaches would you recommend using on this project?
Agile
Iterative
Predictive
Incremental
AgileIterativeCorrect answerPredictive IncrementalOverall explanationSince the project requirements are known and the project scope is defined, a predictive approach is most suitable in this case. PMBOK 6, page 19
Question 4:
An experienced team familiar with the Waterfall project management approach is now assigned to their first Agile project. To ease the transition, some elements of the Waterfall approach have been retained. However, a misunderstanding among the development team has resulted in duplicated efforts. How can the development team resolve this issue?
Bring up the topic during the upcoming iteration retrospective
Submit a change request to update the communications management plan
Fallback to a waterfall project management framework going forward
Do nothing since the team members are transitioning from waterfall to agile
Correct answerBring up the topic during the upcoming iteration retrospectiveSubmit a change request to update the communications management planFallback to a waterfall project management framework going forwardDo nothing since the team members are transitioning from waterfall to agileOverall explanationRegularly scheduled retrospectives can be used on any project, be it predictive, agile, or hybrid. Retrospectives provide the project team an opportunity to learn from their previous work, investigate issues, and improve and adapt their processes. Agile Practice Guide, Page 50
Question 5:
Timely business decisions are important for the success of your new ERP system project. From an Agile perspective, who makes business decisions?
Functional managers
Product owner
Servant-leader
End-User
Functional managersCorrect answerProduct ownerServant-leaderEnd-UserOverall explanationIn an Agile environment, product owners make decisions on behalf of business stakeholders. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 6:
You are hired as an agile expert for an organization in a transition phase from the predictive to the agile approach in project management. The organization has recently embarked upon the Agile journey. Which of the following is not a change-friendly characteristic for organizations beginning to use Agile approaches?
Executive management commitment
Focus on short-term budgeting and metrics versus long-term goals.
Existence of departmental silos
Talent management maturity and capabilities.
Executive management commitmentFocus on short-term budgeting and metrics versus long-term goals.Correct answerExistence of departmental silosTalent management maturity and capabilities.Overall explanationWhen the work is decomposed into departmental silos, it creates dependencies that prevent accelerated delivery, instead of building cross-functional teams with guidance from centers of competencies. Agile Practice Guide, Page 74.
Question 7:
In your Agile project, some team members have reported that they are working overtime to complete their assigned work. This issue could be a sign of a problem in the team’s capacity to complete the work within the sprint timeframe. What should you do to resolve this issue?
Set a proper WIP limits
Call the team for a retrospective meeting
Launch a root cause analysis
Establish working agreements
Correct answerSet a proper WIP limitsCall the team for a retrospective meetingLaunch a root cause analysisEstablish working agreementsOverall explanationThe problem is unmanageable WIP. The solution is to limit the WIP based on team’s capacity. Agile Practice Guide, Page 66.
Question 8:
Compared to traditional predictive approaches, Agile methodologies are known to deliver better user experiences of project deliverables. This is due to
Early development of an exhaustive product backlog.
Relying less on processes and more on documentation.
Early and continual involvement of users.
Relying less on documentation and more on processes.
Early development of an exhaustive product backlog.Relying less on processes and more on documentation.Correct answerEarly and continual involvement of users.Relying less on documentation and more on processes.Overall explanationAgile approaches promise a better user experience of project deliverables through the early and continual involvement of users. Exhaustive product backlogs are not developed in Agile projects; that would be a waterfall approach. Working products are more valuable than documentation and processes. Agile Practice Guide, Page 58.
Question 9:
As the manager of an ERP development system, you want to assist your team in visualizing the flow of work, identifying impediments quickly, and managing flow by adjusting work-in-process limits. Which of the following tools can aid you in achieving these objectives?
Sprint retrospective
Kanban board
Product backlog
Sprint Review meeting
Sprint retrospectiveCorrect answerKanban boardProduct backlogSprint Review meetingOverall explanationA Kanban board provides a means to visualize the flow of work, make impediments easily visible, and allow flow to be managed by adjusting the work-in-process limits. Agile Practice Guide, Page 31
Question 10:
You are assigned to a new project that involves disruptive technologies. The PMO requested that you use the Agile approach to manage this project. Why?
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage project risk.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage construction technologies.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage scope changes.
Correct answerAgile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage project risk.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage construction technologies.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage scope changes.Overall explanationAgile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk. Agile Practice Guide, Page 2.
Question 11:
Your company is transitioning from a traditional approach to agile. The relevant organizational personnel lack experience with agile methodologies. The organization has elected to use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy. What else should be done to facilitate the transition?
Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coach
Eliminate the project manager role entirely as agile teams are self-managing
Establish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transition
Contract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transition
Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coachEliminate the project manager role entirely as agile teams are self-managingEstablish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transitionCorrect answerContract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transitionOverall explanationAn external agile coach can bring significant experience in agile best practices to assist the project team with the transition until internal resources are able to take over the responsibility.
Question 12:
Which of the following is not a value of the Agile manifesto?
Processes over people
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Correct answerProcesses over peopleWorking software over comprehensive documentationCustomer collaboration over contract negotiationIndividuals and interactions over processes and toolsOverall explanationThe four values of the Agile manifesto are: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, Working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. Agile Practice Guide, Page 8
Question 13:
Establishing a change control process is essential in both Agile and traditional project management approaches. In Agile projects, who holds the responsibility for approving changes?
Product owner
End users
Agile team
Scrum master
Correct answerProduct ownerEnd usersAgile teamScrum masterOverall explanationProduct owners have the ultimate responsibility for the project’s success. They prioritize the project backlog and authorize change requests on an Agile project. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41
Question 14:
A project manager is working with his team to develop a new software application. Due to earlier failures in similar applications, the rapid feedback from the customer on the suitability of the deliverables is very important. What is the best approach that should be selected?
Predictive
Waterfall
Adaptive
Traditional
PredictiveWaterfallCorrect answerAdaptiveTraditionalOverall explanationThe adaptive approach promotes the work to be undertaken in short cycles so that the results can be reviewed early and adapted as necessary. PMBOK Guide 6, Pages 19, 131.
Question 15:
In Agile methodology, customer satisfaction is of utmost importance. To ensure that the customer’s needs are understood and addressed, a designated individual is identified as the voice of the customer. This person represents the customer’s interests and provides feedback on the product during development. Who is typically known as the voice of the customer in an Agile approach?
Product Owner
Sponsor
Development team
Scrum Master
Correct answerProduct OwnerSponsor Development teamScrum MasterOverall explanationThe product owner must understand the needs and priorities of the stakeholders, including customers and users, this role is commonly referred to as the “Voice of the Customer.” Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 16:
Your company was recently awarded a large software project by a government agency, and the sprint began two days ago. However, the team has not reached an agreement on how to address one of the software features. As the project manager, what steps should you take to resolve this issue?
Ask the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas.
Propose ideas to the group, ask everyone to vote, and then choose the most popular idea.
Schedule a session to give everyone the chance to express their opinions about each idea, then vote and decide.
Offer an opinion about the pros and cons of each idea and try to reach a consensus in a facilitated meeting.
Correct answerAsk the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas.Propose ideas to the group, ask everyone to vote, and then choose the most popular idea.Schedule a session to give everyone the chance to express their opinions about each idea, then vote and decide.Offer an opinion about the pros and cons of each idea and try to reach a consensus in a facilitated meeting.Overall explanationThe Product Owner has to convey a clear vision of the project and prioritize the product backlog, ensure the development team understands tasks and works on the right features in the prioritized order, provide feedback and sign off on work results. So the project manager (servant leader/scrum master) should ask the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 17:
You have been hired as a project manager in an organization that recently transitioned to Agile practices. During your first week on the job, you have noticed that your team has not fully embraced Agile principles. What should you do to help your team transition to Agile successfully?
Act as an Agile coach.
Ask the customer for more time.
Negotiate for better-qualified team members.
Escalate the matter to product owner.
Correct answerAct as an Agile coach.Ask the customer for more time.Negotiate for better-qualified team members.Escalate the matter to product owner.Overall explanationIn an Agile project, project managers shift from being the center of attention to serving the team and management. This means adopting a servant leadership approach, where the focus is on coaching team members, fostering collaboration, and aligning stakeholder needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 38.
Question 18:
Freddy is working as a Scrum Master for a CRM development project. A stakeholder requested Freddy to submit the latest weekly status report showing the completed and remaining work in the project. Instead of submitting the report, Freddy took the stakeholder to the team’s wall, where a few pertinent updates are posted continuously. To address the stakeholder query, Freddy specifically points out:
Kanban board
Sprint backlog
Burndown chart
Velocity trend
Kanban boardSprint backlogCorrect answerBurndown chartVelocity trendOverall explanationA burndown chart shows the amount of work that has been completed in a sprint and the total work remaining. It is to see where the project is going over time. Agile Practice Guide, Page 62.
Question 19:
How often should retrospective meetings be held?
Whenever the Development Team considers it necessary
At the end of each Sprint
At the end of the project
Daily
Whenever the Development Team considers it necessaryCorrect answerAt the end of each SprintAt the end of the projectDailyOverall explanationA Retrospective is a regularly occurring workshop in which participants explore their work and results in order to improve both process and product. Many teams use iterations—especially 2-week iterations—because the iteration prompts a demonstration and a retrospective at the end. However, the team does not need iterations in order to retrospect. Team members may decide to retrospect at these key times: When the team completes a release or ships something, it does not have to be a monumental increment. It can be any release, no matter how small. When more than a few weeks have passed since the previous retrospective, When the team appears to be stuck and completed work is not flowing through the team, when the team reaches any other milestone. Agile Practice Guide, Page 51
Question 20:
You are working on an Agile project. The project sponsor informed you that an executive would like an update on the project’s progress. As a Scrum Master, what should you do?
Reach out to the project management office PMO for status report templates and provide project updates in that format.
Provide a link to the project shared drive for the executive to search through for any artifacts that are of interest.
Invite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs.
Ask the project sponsor or product owner to provide an update since the project lead should be trying to keep the team free from impediments.
Reach out to the project management office PMO for status report templates and provide project updates in that format.Provide a link to the project shared drive for the executive to search through for any artifacts that are of interest.Correct answerInvite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs.Ask the project sponsor or product owner to provide an update since the project lead should be trying to keep the team free from impediments.Overall explanationAn information radiator is a visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling up-to-the-minute knowledge sharing without having to disturb the team. It is openly shared with all team members and other stakeholders and is continuously updated. It includes information such as the Kanban or task board, the team velocity, continuous integration status, the progress of the team, and Sprint Burndown Charts. The scrum master should invite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 152.
Question 21:
The project manager has analyzed the team’s performance data and determined that the team velocity has been consistent at 30 story points for each of the first five sprints, with a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.83 over the same period. How should the project manager respond to the team’s performance?
Crash the schedule in order to get productivity back on track
Suggest that the team set more realistic goals during sprint planning
Assign the team 20 story points for each sprint going forward
Submit a change request to revise the project schedule baseline
Crash the schedule in order to get productivity back on trackCorrect answerSuggest that the team set more realistic goals during sprint planningAssign the team 20 story points for each sprint going forwardSubmit a change request to revise the project schedule baselineOverall explanationSince the SPI (Completed Features/Planned Features) is less than 1, it seems as if the team over-committed by planning 30 story points per sprint at a time when they can only complete 25. As a project manager, it is essential to take action to address these issues. This could involve working collaboratively with the team to identify and address any obstacles or impediments that are slowing down progress, providing additional training or resources to improve efficiency, or re-evaluating the team’s capacity and workload to ensure that it is realistic and achievable. The project manager should also communicate the findings to stakeholders and take steps to manage their expectations, such as adjusting the project timeline or scope if necessary. Ultimately, the project manager should work closely with the team to ensure that they have the support and resources they need to deliver high-quality products on time and within budget. Agile Practice Guide, Page 69.
Question 22:
As a new member of a software development team, you were informed that the organization has recently adopted Agile practices for project management. During your orientation, a chart was shown to you that depicted Agile and Kanban as subsets of Lean. What are your thoughts on this chart?
The chart is correct because Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking.
The chart is wrong because Agile, Kanban, and Lean are three different approaches to project management.
The chart is wrong because Kanban is a subset of Lean while Agile is not.
The chart is wrong because Agile is a subset of Lean while Kanban is not.
Correct answerThe chart is correct because Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking.The chart is wrong because Agile, Kanban, and Lean are three different approaches to project management.The chart is wrong because Kanban is a subset of Lean while Agile is not.The chart is wrong because Agile is a subset of Lean while Kanban is not.Overall explanationAgile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking that share Lean concepts such as focus on value, small batch sizes, and elimination of waste. Agile Practice Guide, Page 11.
Question 23:
Which of the following options best describes the Sprint Review?
A meeting for the Development Team to review its processes during the Sprint.
A meeting to give clients and other interested parties an opportunity to inspect and review the work done in the Sprint and give feedback.
A meeting in which the Product Owner revises the Development Team activities during the Sprint.
A meeting used to build up team spirit.
A meeting for the Development Team to review its processes during the Sprint.Correct answerA meeting to give clients and other interested parties an opportunity to inspect and review the work done in the Sprint and give feedback.A meeting in which the Product Owner revises the Development Team activities during the Sprint.A meeting used to build up team spirit.Overall explanationA review at the end of each iteration with the product owner and other customer stakeholders to review the progress of the product, get early feedback, and have the product owner review and accept the stories delivered in that iteration. Agile Practice Guide, Page 55.
Question 24:
During the sprint planning meeting, it was clear that the amount of work necessary to fulfill the product owner’s requested items was greater than the development team’s capacity. Which action should be taken during the Sprint planning meeting to overcome this concern?
Increasing the number of Sprints.
The Development Team and Product Owner collaborate, with a view to remove or modify items.
Cancel the Sprint.
The Product Owner demands that the Development Team work overtime just for this Sprint, provided this doesn’t happen again.
Increasing the number of Sprints.Correct answerThe Development Team and Product Owner collaborate, with a view to remove or modify items.Cancel the Sprint.The Product Owner demands that the Development Team work overtime just for this Sprint, provided this doesn’t happen again.Overall explanationThe Development team and product owner collaborate, with a view to removing or modifying items. Agile Practice Guide, Page 55