Udemy 2 Flashcards
Question 1:
Which of the following is an agile technique that regularly checks the effectiveness of the quality process, looks for the root cause of issues, and suggests trials of new approaches to improve quality?
Retrospectives
Backlog refinement
User stories
Sprints
Correct answerRetrospectivesBacklog refinementUser storiesSprintsOverall explanationRecurring retrospectives regularly check on the effectiveness of the quality process. They look for the root cause of issues and suggest trials of new approaches to improve quality. PMBOK Guide 6 Page 276.
Question 2:
In an Agile environment, the facilitator and coach for the project team is known as:
Functional manager
Servant-leader
Product owner
Project sponsor
Functional managerCorrect answerServant-leaderProduct ownerProject sponsorOverall explanationIn an Agile environment, project managers are servant-leaders, changing their emphasis to coaching people who want help, fostering greater collaboration on the team, and aligning stakeholder needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 38.
Question 3:
Your team collected the technical requirements of the new fire fighting system for your building, and they have defined the project scope. Which of the following approaches would you recommend using on this project?
Agile
Iterative
Predictive
Incremental
AgileIterativeCorrect answerPredictive IncrementalOverall explanationSince the project requirements are known and the project scope is defined, a predictive approach is most suitable in this case. PMBOK 6, page 19
Question 4:
An experienced team familiar with the Waterfall project management approach is now assigned to their first Agile project. To ease the transition, some elements of the Waterfall approach have been retained. However, a misunderstanding among the development team has resulted in duplicated efforts. How can the development team resolve this issue?
Bring up the topic during the upcoming iteration retrospective
Submit a change request to update the communications management plan
Fallback to a waterfall project management framework going forward
Do nothing since the team members are transitioning from waterfall to agile
Correct answerBring up the topic during the upcoming iteration retrospectiveSubmit a change request to update the communications management planFallback to a waterfall project management framework going forwardDo nothing since the team members are transitioning from waterfall to agileOverall explanationRegularly scheduled retrospectives can be used on any project, be it predictive, agile, or hybrid. Retrospectives provide the project team an opportunity to learn from their previous work, investigate issues, and improve and adapt their processes. Agile Practice Guide, Page 50
Question 5:
Timely business decisions are important for the success of your new ERP system project. From an Agile perspective, who makes business decisions?
Functional managers
Product owner
Servant-leader
End-User
Functional managersCorrect answerProduct ownerServant-leaderEnd-UserOverall explanationIn an Agile environment, product owners make decisions on behalf of business stakeholders. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 6:
You are hired as an agile expert for an organization in a transition phase from the predictive to the agile approach in project management. The organization has recently embarked upon the Agile journey. Which of the following is not a change-friendly characteristic for organizations beginning to use Agile approaches?
Executive management commitment
Focus on short-term budgeting and metrics versus long-term goals.
Existence of departmental silos
Talent management maturity and capabilities.
Executive management commitmentFocus on short-term budgeting and metrics versus long-term goals.Correct answerExistence of departmental silosTalent management maturity and capabilities.Overall explanationWhen the work is decomposed into departmental silos, it creates dependencies that prevent accelerated delivery, instead of building cross-functional teams with guidance from centers of competencies. Agile Practice Guide, Page 74.
Question 7:
In your Agile project, some team members have reported that they are working overtime to complete their assigned work. This issue could be a sign of a problem in the team’s capacity to complete the work within the sprint timeframe. What should you do to resolve this issue?
Set a proper WIP limits
Call the team for a retrospective meeting
Launch a root cause analysis
Establish working agreements
Correct answerSet a proper WIP limitsCall the team for a retrospective meetingLaunch a root cause analysisEstablish working agreementsOverall explanationThe problem is unmanageable WIP. The solution is to limit the WIP based on team’s capacity. Agile Practice Guide, Page 66.
Question 8:
Compared to traditional predictive approaches, Agile methodologies are known to deliver better user experiences of project deliverables. This is due to
Early development of an exhaustive product backlog.
Relying less on processes and more on documentation.
Early and continual involvement of users.
Relying less on documentation and more on processes.
Early development of an exhaustive product backlog.Relying less on processes and more on documentation.Correct answerEarly and continual involvement of users.Relying less on documentation and more on processes.Overall explanationAgile approaches promise a better user experience of project deliverables through the early and continual involvement of users. Exhaustive product backlogs are not developed in Agile projects; that would be a waterfall approach. Working products are more valuable than documentation and processes. Agile Practice Guide, Page 58.
Question 9:
As the manager of an ERP development system, you want to assist your team in visualizing the flow of work, identifying impediments quickly, and managing flow by adjusting work-in-process limits. Which of the following tools can aid you in achieving these objectives?
Sprint retrospective
Kanban board
Product backlog
Sprint Review meeting
Sprint retrospectiveCorrect answerKanban boardProduct backlogSprint Review meetingOverall explanationA Kanban board provides a means to visualize the flow of work, make impediments easily visible, and allow flow to be managed by adjusting the work-in-process limits. Agile Practice Guide, Page 31
Question 10:
You are assigned to a new project that involves disruptive technologies. The PMO requested that you use the Agile approach to manage this project. Why?
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage project risk.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage construction technologies.
Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage scope changes.
Correct answerAgile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage project risk.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage construction technologies.Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage scope changes.Overall explanationAgile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk. Agile Practice Guide, Page 2.
Question 11:
Your company is transitioning from a traditional approach to agile. The relevant organizational personnel lack experience with agile methodologies. The organization has elected to use hybrid life cycles as a transition strategy. What else should be done to facilitate the transition?
Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coach
Eliminate the project manager role entirely as agile teams are self-managing
Establish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transition
Contract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transition
Replace the existing project manager with an experienced external agile coachEliminate the project manager role entirely as agile teams are self-managingEstablish a directive project management office (PMO) to lead the transitionCorrect answerContract an external agile coach to assist the organization with the transitionOverall explanationAn external agile coach can bring significant experience in agile best practices to assist the project team with the transition until internal resources are able to take over the responsibility.
Question 12:
Which of the following is not a value of the Agile manifesto?
Processes over people
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Correct answerProcesses over peopleWorking software over comprehensive documentationCustomer collaboration over contract negotiationIndividuals and interactions over processes and toolsOverall explanationThe four values of the Agile manifesto are: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, Working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. Agile Practice Guide, Page 8
Question 13:
Establishing a change control process is essential in both Agile and traditional project management approaches. In Agile projects, who holds the responsibility for approving changes?
Product owner
End users
Agile team
Scrum master
Correct answerProduct ownerEnd usersAgile teamScrum masterOverall explanationProduct owners have the ultimate responsibility for the project’s success. They prioritize the project backlog and authorize change requests on an Agile project. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41
Question 14:
A project manager is working with his team to develop a new software application. Due to earlier failures in similar applications, the rapid feedback from the customer on the suitability of the deliverables is very important. What is the best approach that should be selected?
Predictive
Waterfall
Adaptive
Traditional
PredictiveWaterfallCorrect answerAdaptiveTraditionalOverall explanationThe adaptive approach promotes the work to be undertaken in short cycles so that the results can be reviewed early and adapted as necessary. PMBOK Guide 6, Pages 19, 131.
Question 15:
In Agile methodology, customer satisfaction is of utmost importance. To ensure that the customer’s needs are understood and addressed, a designated individual is identified as the voice of the customer. This person represents the customer’s interests and provides feedback on the product during development. Who is typically known as the voice of the customer in an Agile approach?
Product Owner
Sponsor
Development team
Scrum Master
Correct answerProduct OwnerSponsor Development teamScrum MasterOverall explanationThe product owner must understand the needs and priorities of the stakeholders, including customers and users, this role is commonly referred to as the “Voice of the Customer.” Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 16:
Your company was recently awarded a large software project by a government agency, and the sprint began two days ago. However, the team has not reached an agreement on how to address one of the software features. As the project manager, what steps should you take to resolve this issue?
Ask the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas.
Propose ideas to the group, ask everyone to vote, and then choose the most popular idea.
Schedule a session to give everyone the chance to express their opinions about each idea, then vote and decide.
Offer an opinion about the pros and cons of each idea and try to reach a consensus in a facilitated meeting.
Correct answerAsk the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas.Propose ideas to the group, ask everyone to vote, and then choose the most popular idea.Schedule a session to give everyone the chance to express their opinions about each idea, then vote and decide.Offer an opinion about the pros and cons of each idea and try to reach a consensus in a facilitated meeting.Overall explanationThe Product Owner has to convey a clear vision of the project and prioritize the product backlog, ensure the development team understands tasks and works on the right features in the prioritized order, provide feedback and sign off on work results. So the project manager (servant leader/scrum master) should ask the product owner, who is the key stakeholder, to choose among the different ideas. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41.
Question 17:
You have been hired as a project manager in an organization that recently transitioned to Agile practices. During your first week on the job, you have noticed that your team has not fully embraced Agile principles. What should you do to help your team transition to Agile successfully?
Act as an Agile coach.
Ask the customer for more time.
Negotiate for better-qualified team members.
Escalate the matter to product owner.
Correct answerAct as an Agile coach.Ask the customer for more time.Negotiate for better-qualified team members.Escalate the matter to product owner.Overall explanationIn an Agile project, project managers shift from being the center of attention to serving the team and management. This means adopting a servant leadership approach, where the focus is on coaching team members, fostering collaboration, and aligning stakeholder needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 38.
Question 18:
Freddy is working as a Scrum Master for a CRM development project. A stakeholder requested Freddy to submit the latest weekly status report showing the completed and remaining work in the project. Instead of submitting the report, Freddy took the stakeholder to the team’s wall, where a few pertinent updates are posted continuously. To address the stakeholder query, Freddy specifically points out:
Kanban board
Sprint backlog
Burndown chart
Velocity trend
Kanban boardSprint backlogCorrect answerBurndown chartVelocity trendOverall explanationA burndown chart shows the amount of work that has been completed in a sprint and the total work remaining. It is to see where the project is going over time. Agile Practice Guide, Page 62.
Question 19:
How often should retrospective meetings be held?
Whenever the Development Team considers it necessary
At the end of each Sprint
At the end of the project
Daily
Whenever the Development Team considers it necessaryCorrect answerAt the end of each SprintAt the end of the projectDailyOverall explanationA Retrospective is a regularly occurring workshop in which participants explore their work and results in order to improve both process and product. Many teams use iterations—especially 2-week iterations—because the iteration prompts a demonstration and a retrospective at the end. However, the team does not need iterations in order to retrospect. Team members may decide to retrospect at these key times: When the team completes a release or ships something, it does not have to be a monumental increment. It can be any release, no matter how small. When more than a few weeks have passed since the previous retrospective, When the team appears to be stuck and completed work is not flowing through the team, when the team reaches any other milestone. Agile Practice Guide, Page 51
Question 20:
You are working on an Agile project. The project sponsor informed you that an executive would like an update on the project’s progress. As a Scrum Master, what should you do?
Reach out to the project management office PMO for status report templates and provide project updates in that format.
Provide a link to the project shared drive for the executive to search through for any artifacts that are of interest.
Invite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs.
Ask the project sponsor or product owner to provide an update since the project lead should be trying to keep the team free from impediments.
Reach out to the project management office PMO for status report templates and provide project updates in that format.Provide a link to the project shared drive for the executive to search through for any artifacts that are of interest.Correct answerInvite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs.Ask the project sponsor or product owner to provide an update since the project lead should be trying to keep the team free from impediments.Overall explanationAn information radiator is a visible, physical display that provides information to the rest of the organization, enabling up-to-the-minute knowledge sharing without having to disturb the team. It is openly shared with all team members and other stakeholders and is continuously updated. It includes information such as the Kanban or task board, the team velocity, continuous integration status, the progress of the team, and Sprint Burndown Charts. The scrum master should invite the executive to the project meeting space to determine if the project information radiators meet their needs. Agile Practice Guide, Page 152.
Question 21:
The project manager has analyzed the team’s performance data and determined that the team velocity has been consistent at 30 story points for each of the first five sprints, with a schedule performance index (SPI) of 0.83 over the same period. How should the project manager respond to the team’s performance?
Crash the schedule in order to get productivity back on track
Suggest that the team set more realistic goals during sprint planning
Assign the team 20 story points for each sprint going forward
Submit a change request to revise the project schedule baseline
Crash the schedule in order to get productivity back on trackCorrect answerSuggest that the team set more realistic goals during sprint planningAssign the team 20 story points for each sprint going forwardSubmit a change request to revise the project schedule baselineOverall explanationSince the SPI (Completed Features/Planned Features) is less than 1, it seems as if the team over-committed by planning 30 story points per sprint at a time when they can only complete 25. As a project manager, it is essential to take action to address these issues. This could involve working collaboratively with the team to identify and address any obstacles or impediments that are slowing down progress, providing additional training or resources to improve efficiency, or re-evaluating the team’s capacity and workload to ensure that it is realistic and achievable. The project manager should also communicate the findings to stakeholders and take steps to manage their expectations, such as adjusting the project timeline or scope if necessary. Ultimately, the project manager should work closely with the team to ensure that they have the support and resources they need to deliver high-quality products on time and within budget. Agile Practice Guide, Page 69.
Question 22:
As a new member of a software development team, you were informed that the organization has recently adopted Agile practices for project management. During your orientation, a chart was shown to you that depicted Agile and Kanban as subsets of Lean. What are your thoughts on this chart?
The chart is correct because Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking.
The chart is wrong because Agile, Kanban, and Lean are three different approaches to project management.
The chart is wrong because Kanban is a subset of Lean while Agile is not.
The chart is wrong because Agile is a subset of Lean while Kanban is not.
Correct answerThe chart is correct because Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking.The chart is wrong because Agile, Kanban, and Lean are three different approaches to project management.The chart is wrong because Kanban is a subset of Lean while Agile is not.The chart is wrong because Agile is a subset of Lean while Kanban is not.Overall explanationAgile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking that share Lean concepts such as focus on value, small batch sizes, and elimination of waste. Agile Practice Guide, Page 11.
Question 23:
Which of the following options best describes the Sprint Review?
A meeting for the Development Team to review its processes during the Sprint.
A meeting to give clients and other interested parties an opportunity to inspect and review the work done in the Sprint and give feedback.
A meeting in which the Product Owner revises the Development Team activities during the Sprint.
A meeting used to build up team spirit.
A meeting for the Development Team to review its processes during the Sprint.Correct answerA meeting to give clients and other interested parties an opportunity to inspect and review the work done in the Sprint and give feedback.A meeting in which the Product Owner revises the Development Team activities during the Sprint.A meeting used to build up team spirit.Overall explanationA review at the end of each iteration with the product owner and other customer stakeholders to review the progress of the product, get early feedback, and have the product owner review and accept the stories delivered in that iteration. Agile Practice Guide, Page 55.
Question 24:
During the sprint planning meeting, it was clear that the amount of work necessary to fulfill the product owner’s requested items was greater than the development team’s capacity. Which action should be taken during the Sprint planning meeting to overcome this concern?
Increasing the number of Sprints.
The Development Team and Product Owner collaborate, with a view to remove or modify items.
Cancel the Sprint.
The Product Owner demands that the Development Team work overtime just for this Sprint, provided this doesn’t happen again.
Increasing the number of Sprints.Correct answerThe Development Team and Product Owner collaborate, with a view to remove or modify items.Cancel the Sprint.The Product Owner demands that the Development Team work overtime just for this Sprint, provided this doesn’t happen again.Overall explanationThe Development team and product owner collaborate, with a view to removing or modifying items. Agile Practice Guide, Page 55
Question 25:
Your team is working on an Agile project for the first time, and you are approaching the end of the first iteration. However, some of the user stories that were assigned for this iteration are not yet completed. Can the team extend the duration of the iteration by a week to finish all the remaining user stories in the iteration plan?
Yes, but requires the approval of the Scrum Master.
No, the iterations are time-boxed and can’t be extended.
Yes, but requires the approval of the product owner.
Yes, but the extension cannot be more than 2 days.
Yes, but requires the approval of the Scrum Master.Correct answerNo, the iterations are time-boxed and can’t be extended.Yes, but requires the approval of the product owner.Yes, but the extension cannot be more than 2 days.Overall explanationIteration durations are time-boxed and cannot be extended. All incomplete stories need to be returned to the product backlog where they will be re-prioritized along with the other stories in the backlog. Agile Practice Guide, Page 25.
Question 26:
You are working on a big and complex project. Multiple teams with several team members need to work concurrently to achieve the project objectives. Which of the following approaches is recommended for your project?
Kanban
Scrum of Scrums
Extreme Programming
Scrum
KanbanCorrect answerScrum of ScrumsExtreme ProgrammingScrumOverall explanationScrum of Scrums is a technique used when two or more Scrum teams, consisting of three to nine members each, need to coordinate their work instead of one large Scrum team. Agile Practice Guide, Page 111
Question 27:
One of your customers contracted you to develop a new device. You insisted that the contract thoroughly capture the device specifications. The customer does not have clear requirements upfront and, therefore, requested that you develop the device using Agile. You delivered the new device as per the contract, but the customer is not satisfied with the outcome. Which Agile Manifesto value was most likely not appropriately applied by you?
Customer collaboration over contract negotiations
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Business people and developers must work together
Pair programming over continuous integration
Correct answerCustomer collaboration over contract negotiationsIndividuals and interactions over processes and toolsBusiness people and developers must work togetherPair programming over continuous integrationOverall explanationThoroughly negotiating contracts is typical for projects that are led using the traditional approach. In this scenario, however, the customer does not have detailed requirements upfront and requests that the vendor develop the device using agile methods. Collaboration over negotiations would be more beneficial for both parties. Agile Practice Guide, Page 8
Question 28:
What method guides the utilization of a product backlog, sprint planning, and sprint retrospective sessions?
Sprint
Kanban
Programming (XP)
Scrum
SprintKanbanProgramming (XP)Correct answerScrumOverall explanationThe scrum method provides guidance on the use of a product backlog, a product owner, a scrum master, and a cross-functional development team, including sprint planning, daily scrum, sprint review, and sprint retrospective sessions. Agile Practice Guide, Page 31
Question 29:
Your team is working on developing a final product for your customer. The customer is anxious to get a prototype released on the market to get end-users’ feedback and impressions before the entire product is finished. What must the project team establish for their release to end-users?
The minimal viable product
Velocity
The sprint cycle
Transition plan
Correct answerThe minimal viable productVelocityThe sprint cycleTransition planOverall explanation(Minimum Viable Product): the smallest collection of features that can be included in a product for customers to consider it functional. Agile Practice Guide, Page 23.
Question 30:
You are working on a software development project following an Agile approach. How should the work be allocated to the team?
Team members should self-select tasks appropriate to their skills
Tasks should be randomly allocated to team members.
The Scrum Master should allocate specific tasks to individuals
The most complex tasks should be allocated to the Scrum Master.
Correct answerTeam members should self-select tasks appropriate to their skillsTasks should be randomly allocated to team members.The Scrum Master should allocate specific tasks to individualsThe most complex tasks should be allocated to the Scrum Master.Overall explanationIn Agile projects, team members should self-select tasks appropriate to their skills. Agile Practice Guide, Page 39.
Question 31:
Which of the following is not considered a servant-leadership skill?
Impediment removal
Facilitation
Backlog grooming
Coaching
Impediment removalFacilitationCorrect answerBacklog groomingCoachingOverall explanationServant-leadership skills include facilitation, coaching, and impediment removal. Backlog grooming is usually associated with product owners. Agile Practice Guide, Page 41
Question 32:
Which of the following is a major challenge faced by an organization that is just beginning to use Agile approaches?
Avoidance of multi-tasking introduces inefficiency.
Daily standups could be viewed as time-intensive activities.
Decomposing work into iterative prototypes involves rework that could be viewed negatively
Agile approaches could be viewed as plan-driven.
Avoidance of multi-tasking introduces inefficiency.Daily standups could be viewed as time-intensive activities.Correct answerDecomposing work into iterative prototypes involves rework that could be viewed negativelyAgile approaches could be viewed as plan-driven.Overall explanationOrganizations just beginning to use agile approaches also experience high degrees of change. Higher degrees of collaboration may require more frequent handoffs between teams, departments, or vendors. Decomposing work into iterative prototypes involves rework that could be viewed negatively. Agile Practice Guide, Page 73
Question 33:
What is the purpose of the daily scrum (daily meeting)?
Reporting work progress to the Scrum Master.
Review progress from the previous day and highlight any obstacles encountered or anticipated.
Technical discussions and adjustments in the Development Team work.
Reporting work progress to the project client.
Reporting work progress to the Scrum Master.Correct answerReview progress from the previous day and highlight any obstacles encountered or anticipated.Technical discussions and adjustments in the Development Team work.Reporting work progress to the project client.Overall explanationA Daily Scrum is a brief daily collaboration meeting in which the team reviews progress from the previous day, declares intentions for the current day, and highlights any obstacles encountered or anticipated. It is also known as “daily standup.” Agile Practice Guide, Page 151
Question 34:
Collaboration between the product owner and the Agile team is a key factor in ensuring success in an Agile project. Which of the following Agile techniques can facilitate this collaboration?
Kanban boards
Backlog preparation and refinement
Retrospectives
Daily standups
Kanban boardsCorrect answerBacklog preparation and refinementRetrospectivesDaily standupsOverall explanationBacklog preparation and refinement are the activities where the business (product owner) and the developers (Agile team) work together to define and prioritize project objectives. Agile Practice Guide, Page 98
Question 35:
In a Scrum project, who is primarily responsible for tracking project impediments?
Developer
Scrum Master
Development team
Functional Manager
DeveloperCorrect answerScrum MasterDevelopment teamFunctional ManagerOverall explanationThe scrum master is responsible for ensuring the Scrum process is upheld and works to ensure the Scrum team adheres to the practices and rules as well as coaches the team on removing impediments. Agile Practice Guide, Page 101
Question 36:
In the Scrum framework, what is the responsibility of the product owner?
Coaches the team on removing impediments
Ensure the Scrum team adheres to the practices and rules
Deliver working product
Maximizing the value of the product.
Coaches the team on removing impedimentsEnsure the Scrum team adheres to the practices and rulesDeliver working productCorrect answerMaximizing the value of the product.Overall explanationThe Scrum team consists of a product owner, a development team, and a scrum master. The product owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product. Agile Practice Guide, Page 101
Question 37:
Given the business value in units and development effort in weeks for each of the following project features: Feature A (15 units, 5 weeks), Feature B (10 units, 4 weeks), Feature C (9 units, 9 weeks), and Feature D (6 units, 6 weeks). Which feature should the team prioritize first?
A
B
D
C
Correct answerABDCOverall explanationThe Value vs. Effort Model is one of the techniques used to prioritize feature development and produce the product roadmap. The feature that delivers the highest value with the least effort will be the top priority for the product backlog. For example, Feature A = 15/5 = 3, Feature B = 10/4 = 2.5, Feature C = 9/9 = 1, and Feature D = 6/6 = 1. Therefore, the team should prioritize features that offer high value with low effort. Agile Practice Guide, Page 52.
Question 38:
Which of the following helps the team improve its effectiveness by visualizing the flow of work, making impediments easily visible, and allowing flow to be managed by adjusting work within process limits?
Burndown chart
Burnup chart
Kanban Board
Product Backlog
Burndown chartBurnup chartCorrect answerKanban BoardProduct BacklogOverall explanationA Kanban board helps the team to further improve its effectiveness by visualizing the flow of work, making impediments easily visible, and allowing flow to be managed by adjusting work within process limits. Agile Practice Guide, Page 31
Question 39:
Which of the following is NOT an artifact of the Scrum framework?
Sprint backlog
Increments
Issue log
Product backlog
Sprint backlogIncrementsCorrect answerIssue logProduct backlogOverall explanationA product backlog, a sprint backlog, and increments are typical artifacts of the Scrum framework. Agile Practice Guide, Page 101
Question 40:
A new team member with a traditional project background has joined your Agile team. During a discussion about project success metrics, the team member asked about the key performance indicators (KPIs) that predict project success in Agile. You informed the team member that in Agile projects, progress and success are measured by:
Demonstrating that a working product has been delivered to the customer.
Traditional KPIs and measures.
Maintaining a productive team velocity.
Releasing on time.
Correct answerDemonstrating that a working product has been delivered to the customer.Traditional KPIs and measures.Maintaining a productive team velocity.Releasing on time.Overall explanationFor Agile projects, the working product is the primary measure of progress. Agile Practice Guide, Page 9
Question 41:
What project life cycle should be proposed for a project with a high degree of change and a high frequency of delivery?
Incremental
Waterfall
Iterative
Agile
IncrementalWaterfallIterativeCorrect answerAgileOverall explanationThe Agile approach is recommended for projects that require a high degree of change and a high frequency of project deliveries. Agile Practice Guide, Page 19.
Question 42:
Your organization has been using the waterfall approach for all projects so far. However, the project manager wants to try the Agile approach for new projects. The team members are not experienced in Agile methodologies. What should be your first step?
Train the team members in effectively using the Scrum methodology
Train the team members in effectively using the XP approach
Train the team members in the fundamentals of the Agile Mindset and principles
Train the team members in effectively using the Kanban approach
Train the team members in effectively using the Scrum methodologyTrain the team members in effectively using the XP approachCorrect answerTrain the team members in the fundamentals of the Agile Mindset and principlesTrain the team members in effectively using the Kanban approachOverall explanationConsider starting by training team members in the fundamentals of the Agile Mindset and principles. If the team decides to use a specific approach such as Scrum or Kanban, provide a workshop on that approach so that team members can learn how to use it. Agile Practice Guide, Page 32.
Question 43:
Which of the following is considered a value of the Agile Manifesto? (Select two)
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Customer collaboration over comprehensive documentation
Responding to change over following a plan
Working software over contract negotiation
Responding to change over comprehensive documentation
Correct selectionIndividuals and interactions over processes and toolsCustomer collaboration over comprehensive documentationCorrect selectionResponding to change over following a planWorking software over contract negotiationResponding to change over comprehensive documentationOverall explanationThe four values of the Agile Manifesto are: individuals and interactions over processes and tools, working software over comprehensive documentation, customer collaboration over contract negotiation, and responding to change over following a plan. Agile Practice Guide, Page 8
Question 44:
In the Scrum framework, what is the sprint duration?
5 weeks
6 weeks
Up to 8 weeks
1 month or less
5 weeks 6 weeksUp to 8 weeksCorrect answer1 month or lessOverall explanationIn Scrum, the development process is divided into consistent time boxes called sprints, which are one month or less in duration, during which time a potentially releasable increment of the product is produced. Agile Practice Guide, Page 101.
Question 45:
As an Agile leader, you have been assigned the responsibility of introducing Agile methodologies to an organization that has previously used predictive life cycles to manage all its projects. To ensure a successful transition, it is crucial to develop a clear transition strategy that considers the unique needs and challenges of the organization. Which of the following is an advisable transition strategy?
Trying the new techniques on completed projects.
Trying the new techniques on a less risky project.
Trying the new techniques on high-value projects.
Trying the new techniques on ongoing projects.
Trying the new techniques on completed projects.Correct answerTrying the new techniques on a less risky project.Trying the new techniques on high-value projects.Trying the new techniques on ongoing projects.Overall explanationOne advisable transition strategy is to start with a pilot project or a small team and gradually introduce Agile methodologies while still incorporating some elements of the predictive approach. This approach can help to manage the transition process and minimize disruption to ongoing projects. Other strategies could include providing training and support for team members to develop Agile skills and knowledge, identifying and addressing any organizational barriers to Agile adoption, and establishing metrics and feedback mechanisms to track progress and identify areas for improvement. Ultimately, the success of the transition will depend on the organization’s commitment to Agile principles and the ability to adapt to changing requirements and feedback. Trying the new techniques on a small project with a medium to a low degree of uncertainty is advisable. The lower the risk, the greater the chances of success. You need some quick wins to help smooth the transition to the new approaches. Agile Practice Guide, Page 30.
Question 46:
Transitioning from a predictive to an Agile approach can be a significant change for an organization. To facilitate this change, it is important to develop a clear strategy and plan for implementation. Which of the following strategies will help the organization with this change?
Take a big bang approach of moving the whole organization to agile at once.
Assign multiple managers who will be accountable for the agile approach.
Improve organizational readiness to change by addressing impediments and agile in the organization.
Create a task force of executives who will monitor agile projects on a daily basis.
Take a big bang approach of moving the whole organization to agile at once.Assign multiple managers who will be accountable for the agile approach.Correct answerImprove organizational readiness to change by addressing impediments and agile in the organization.Create a task force of executives who will monitor agile projects on a daily basis.Overall explanationTransitioning from a predictive to an Agile approach can be a significant change for an organization. To facilitate this change, it is important to develop a clear strategy and plan for implementation. One strategy that can help with this change is to adopt a phased approach, gradually introducing Agile methodologies while still maintaining some elements of the predictive approach. This approach can help to manage the transition process and minimize disruption to ongoing projects. Other strategies could include providing training and support for team members to develop Agile skills and knowledge, identifying and addressing any organizational barriers to Agile adoption, and establishing metrics and feedback mechanisms to track progress and identify areas for improvement. Ultimately, the success of the transition will depend on the organization’s commitment to Agile principles and its ability to adapt to changing requirements and feedback. Agile Practice Guide, Page 80.
Question 47:
You and your team members agree that face-to-face conversations are the most efficient and effective way to convey information within your development team. Which of the following Agile techniques can help facilitate this method of communication?
Backlog refinement
Daily standups
Team composition
Backlog preparation
Backlog refinementCorrect answerDaily standupsTeam compositionBacklog preparationOverall explanationDaily standups require colocated team members to meet face-to-face, share progress, and make team commitments. Agile Practice Guide, Page 98.
Question 48:
In a Scrum project, once items in the product backlog have been selected for development in the sprint, who is responsible for determining how the development team should carry out the work?
The Scrum Master
The functional manager
The Product Owner
The Development Team
The Scrum MasterThe functional managerThe Product OwnerCorrect answerThe Development TeamOverall explanationThe development team is a responsible, self-organized team, facilitated by the Scrum Master. The development team should determine how the work should be done. Agile Practice Guide, Page 39
Question 49:
Which of the following represents the core values of eXtreme Programming?
Communication, simplicity, feedback, courage, and respect.
Unity, faith, agility, and discipline.
Planning, executing, monitoring, and controlling.
Collaboration, complexity, communication, faith, and discipline.
Correct answerCommunication, simplicity, feedback, courage, and respect.Unity, faith, agility, and discipline.Planning, executing, monitoring, and controlling.Collaboration, complexity, communication, faith, and discipline.Overall explanationEXtreme Programming’s core values are communication, simplicity, feedback, courage, and respect. Agile Practice Guide, Page 102.
Question 50:
Agile practices, tools, and techniques are geared towards projects operating in environments that:
Involve project work that heavily is driven by industry standards.
Require upfront collection and definition of the bulk of the requirements.
Control changes through a change request process
Have high rates of change, complexity, and risk.
Involve project work that heavily is driven by industry standards.Require upfront collection and definition of the bulk of the requirements.Control changes through a change request processCorrect answerHave high rates of change, complexity, and risk.Overall explanationHigh-uncertainty projects have high rates of change, complexity, and risk. These characteristics can present problems for traditional predictive approaches that aim to determine the bulk of the requirements upfront and control changes through a change request process. Instead, agile approaches were created to explore feasibility in short cycles and quickly adapt based on evaluation and feedback. Agile Practice Guide, Page 7.
Question 1:
Mark is the project manager of the Primary Disposals Project and will be contracting to buy a lock-up shed to hold plant and machinery for the duration of the project. Which type of contract represents the least risk for Mark’s project?
Cost plus percentage of costs
Cost plus fixed fee
Cost plus incentive fee
Firm Fixed price
Cost plus percentage of costsCost plus fixed feeCost plus incentive feeCorrect answerFirm Fixed priceOverall explanationExplanation: Answer = Firm fixed price - this contract present the least risk for the buyer.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 2:
Which of the following Manage Quality techniques examines problems, constraints, and non-value-added activities during project work?
Reserve Analysis
Expected monetary value analysis
Process Analysis
Earned Value Analysis
Reserve AnalysisExpected monetary value analysisCorrect answerProcess AnalysisEarned Value AnalysisOverall explanationProcess Analysis examines problems, constraints, and non-value added activities that occur during project work. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 292.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 3:
A project manager is in the process of estimating activity durations for his project. Which of the following is the best to help the project manager to estimate duration?
HR manager
Subject matter expert (SME)
Project sponsor
All Stakeholders
HR managerCorrect answerSubject matter expert (SME)Project sponsorAll StakeholdersOverall explanationSME is part of EXPERT JUDGMENT. Expert Judgment is a Tool and Technique used in the Estimate Activity Duration Process. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 200.DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 4:
During project execution, a high-performing team member left the company. Following this loss, a quality audit was conducted, which indicated that the work product’s quality standards were unmet. What should the project manager do next?
Consult the resource management plan.
Create a cause and effect diagram.
Perform a reserve analysis of the work performance.
Crash the schedule.
Consult the resource management plan.Correct answerCreate a cause and effect diagram.Perform a reserve analysis of the work performance.Crash the schedule.Overall explanationKeyword ( Following this loss ) may be the issue not only related to the loss of the team member. Since the work product’s quality standards are unmet , the project manager should FIRST Create a cause and effect diagram to identify the main or root cause of the problem.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 5:
You and your team have compiled your project’s activity list, have determined how the activities should be performed and analyzed the schedule. You are preparing information for the project sponsor to highlight the identified activities that may create a delay in the overall project schedule. Which of the following would be most useful in this situation?
Activity attributes
Duration estimates
Project calendars
Project schedule network diagrams
Activity attributesDuration estimatesProject calendarsCorrect answerProject schedule network diagramsOverall explanationIn this question, project network diagrams would best serve to provide information concerning activities that would possibly create schedule delays. A project network diagram is one of three suggested project schedule models. At a minimum, a project schedule should include planned start dates and planned finished dates for each activity. Network diagrams which include activity date information and critical path activities, display how those activities logically relate to other activities and the overall project timeline. A detailed network diagram that includes critical path activities, durations, milestones, and resources could be useful in this situation to highlight the activities that may create a delay in the overall project schedule. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 164]DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 6:
You are a project manager, and you have finished the make or buy analysis and bidder conference & applied source selection criteria for your sellers. What should you do next?
Selected sellers
Sign contract
Procurement negotiation
Close contract
Correct answerSelected sellersSign contractProcurement negotiationClose contractOverall explanationSelect sellers is the next step after finished make or buy analysis and bidder conference & applied source selection criteria for the seller.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 7:
A Project Manager is in the process of preparing a plan that documents how the procurement process will be managed: from developing procurement documents to contract closure. She is also going through project requirements and scope documents with the team and discussing different contract types to decide the one most suitable for the project. According to you, which process of procurement management is the Project Manager in?
Conduct Procurements
Plan Procurement Management
Control Procurements
Close Procurements
Conduct ProcurementsCorrect answerPlan Procurement ManagementControl ProcurementsClose ProcurementsOverall explanationThe Project Manager is in the ‘plan procurement management’ process, and she is preparing the procurement management plan with her team. Contract types are also important tools of this process, which is carried at the planning stage of the project. [PMBOK Guide 6, Page 466]DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 8:
A project scope statement is defined with project deliverables, constraints, and assumptions associated with the project objectives. What should the project manager do next?
Determine the products, services and for results to be delivered.
Take a formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables.
Monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.
Establish a hierarchical breakdown of the total scope to be carried out by the project team
Determine the products, services and for results to be delivered.Take a formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables.Monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline.Correct answerEstablish a hierarchical breakdown of the total scope to be carried out by the project teamOverall explanationA project scope statement is defined = Define scope process is completed so the next process is Create WBS process. Create wbs is the process of Establish a hierarchical breakdown of the total scope to be carried out by the project team to comply with the project objectives. [PMBOK 6, Page 157]DomainProject Scope Management
Question 9:
You, as a project manager, are in the process of midway review at the end of the first year of a $50K project. The earned value analysis shows that the PV is $25K, the EV is $20K, and the AC is $30K. What can be determined from these figures?
The project is going slower than planned.
The project is going normally, and it will be managed and closed normally.
The project is under budget but ahead of schedule.
The project should be terminated as there is no solution to fix it.
Correct answerThe project is going slower than planned.The project is going normally, and it will be managed and closed normally.The project is under budget but ahead of schedule.The project should be terminated as there is no solution to fix it.Overall explanationEV < AC & PV so the Project is going slower than planned = Over Budget and Behind Schedule.DomainProject Cost Management
Question 10:
A project manager joins a new project for an organization that does not have a lessons learned repository. How should the project manager establish the project baseline?
Develop a business case to document project objectives.
Ask stakeholders to provide their recommendations for the project.
Identify and map the benefits and outcomes of the project.
Perform a data-gathering analysis and review the organizational process Assets
Develop a business case to document project objectives.Ask stakeholders to provide their recommendations for the project.Identify and map the benefits and outcomes of the project.Correct answerPerform a data-gathering analysis and review the organizational process AssetsOverall explanationSince he is a new project manager, he should perform a data-gathering analysis and review the organizational process Assets to establish the project baseline.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 11:
You are in the process of finalizing all activities for the project, phase, or contract. Which of the following documents include information about Objectives of Scope, Quality, Cost, and the criteria used to evaluate them?
Project Charter
Risk Register
Final Report
Scope Management Plan
Project CharterRisk RegisterCorrect answerFinal ReportScope Management PlanOverall explanationFinal Report includes information about Objectives of Scope, Quality and Cost and the criteria used to evaluate them. PMBOK Guide 6,, Page 127.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 12:
A project manager is leading the construction of a new office building. Which of the following activities might the project manager and the team conduct during the Monitor and Control Project Work process?
Prepare and share the final project report according to the communications management plan
Transfer the ownership of deliverables to the assigned stakeholders
Comparing actual project performance against the project management plan
Implementing approved change requests to achieve the project’s objectives
Prepare and share the final project report according to the communications management planTransfer the ownership of deliverables to the assigned stakeholdersCorrect answerComparing actual project performance against the project management planImplementing approved change requests to achieve the project’s objectivesOverall explanationMonitor and Control Project Work is the process of tracking, reviewing, and reporting overall progress to meet the performance objectives defined in the project management plan. Of the available choices, only comparing actual project performance against the project management plan is performed during the Monitor and Control Project Work process. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 107.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 13:
In which of the following types of contracts does the buyer have the MAXIMUM cost risk?
Fixed Price
Time and Material
Cost Reimbursable
Cost Plus Incentive Fee
Fixed PriceTime and MaterialCorrect answerCost ReimbursableCost Plus Incentive FeeOverall explanationIn a cost-reimbursable type of contract, the buyer has the maximum risk because the total cost of the project remains unknown. This is usually used when the buyer is not able to come up with a complete contract statement of work and has limited understanding. cost-plus fixed fee is the maximum cost risk for the buyer and included in cost reimbursable contract. In a Fixed Price Contract, the buyer has the least cost risk because any additional cost over and above the negotiated price has to be borne by the seller.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 14:
As a project manager, you are in the process of confirming the formal acceptance of the seller’s work, finalizing open claims, Updating records to reflect final results, and archiving lessons learned recently captured about the seller’s performance. Which of the following processes are you performing?
Close Project or Phase
Control Procurements
Conduct Procurements
Monitor and Control Project Work
Correct answerClose Project or PhaseControl ProcurementsConduct ProcurementsMonitor and Control Project WorkOverall explanationThe scenario presented describes administrative closure activities, which occur as part of the Close Project or Phase process. While procurements are closed through the Control Procurements process, administrative closure of procurements occurs through the Close Project or Phase process. Activities related to the completion of the contractual agreements applicable to the project or project phase such as: ** Confirming the formal acceptance of the seller’s work, ** Finalizing open claims, ** Updating records to reflect final results, and ** Archiving such information for future use. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 123]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 15:
You are appointed as a project manager for a project which involves more than 500 stakeholders. One of the Key stakeholders does not have authority regarding project decisions, but you recently discovered that he is interested in your project. What stakeholder management strategy should you use with the Key Stakeholder?
Manage the Key Stakeholder closely
Monitor the Key Stakeholder actions
Keep the Key Stakeholder informed
Keep the Key Stakeholder satisfied
Manage the Key Stakeholder closelyMonitor the Key Stakeholder actionsCorrect answerKeep the Key Stakeholder informedKeep the Key Stakeholder satisfiedOverall explanationA power/interest grid is a classification model used for stakeholder analysis and management that groups the stakeholders based on their level of authority (power) and their level of concern (interest) regarding project outcomes. The classification and recommended management strategies are as follows: Low-power/low-interest: monitor only Low-power/high-interest: keep informed High-power/low-interest: keep satisfied High-power/high-interest: manage closely Based on this scenario, the Key stakeholder can be classified as Low-power/high-interest; therefore, the correct answer is to keep the Key Stakeholder informed.DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 16:
During the planning stage of a project, a company goes under an organizational structure change. The project manager believes most of the stakeholders have changed. Which tool or technique should the project manager uses to verify whether the stakeholders have changed
Questionnaires and surveys.
Decision-making matrix.
Mind mapping.
Fishbone diagram.
Correct answerQuestionnaires and surveys.Decision-making matrix.Mind mapping.Fishbone diagram.Overall explanationQuestionnaires and surveys are a Data-gathering techniques that written sets of questions designed to quickly accumulate information from a large number of respondents. Questionnaires and/or surveys are most appropriate with varied audiences, when a quick turnaround is needed, when respondents are geographically dispersed, and where statistical analysis could be appropriate. So the project manager should uses Questionnaires and surveys to verify whether the stakeholders have changed.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 17:
A project manager is working on a project for which some requirements have not been clearly defined. The customer insists that this should not be considered a problem and the project should continue without delay. What should the project manager do?
Meet with the team to discuss the concerns.
Log the risk in the risk register.
Speak with the customer to avoid the risk.
Accept the risk and start project work.
Meet with the team to discuss the concerns.Correct answerLog the risk in the risk register.Speak with the customer to avoid the risk.Accept the risk and start project work.Overall explanationSome requirements have not been clearly defined , it’s a risk and the project manager should Log the risk in the risk register then analyze the impact on project objectives. The three other options will be done after updating risk register.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 18:
During a group activity to identify an input to the plan procurement management process, some participants disagree with the ranking of compliance-related items. What tool or technique should the project manager use to resolve this?
Brainstorming
Document analysis.
Nominal group technique.
Affinity diagram.
BrainstormingDocument analysis.Correct answerNominal group technique.Affinity diagram.Overall explanationKeyword ( ranking- disagree ) Requirements documentation is an input of the plan procurement management process. One of the tools in collect requirement process is Nominal group technique.. The nominal group technique enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization. The nominal group technique is a structured form of brainstorming consisting of four steps: ** A question or problem is posed to the group. Each person silently generates and writes down their ideas. ** The moderator writes down the ideas on a flip chart until all ideas are recorded. ** Each recorded idea is discussed until all group members have a clear understanding. ** Individuals vote privately to prioritize the ideas, usually using a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being the lowest and 5 being the highest. Voting may take place in many rounds to reduce and focus in on ideas. After each round, the votes are tallied and the highest-scoring ideas are selected. PMBOK 6th edition page, 144DomainProject Scope Management
Question 19:
You have completed resource planning and acquired resources. You have improved the team competency and performance. Now, you wish to track the performance of individual members and optimize the team’s performance. Which process will you perform?
Develop Team
Team building
Manage Team
Control Resources
Develop TeamTeam buildingCorrect answerManage TeamControl ResourcesOverall explanationAll this is performed in the Manage Team process.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 20:
Your construction project is in the execution phase, and you have identified a new stakeholder with a high level of influence. As a project manager, what should you do?
Update the Stakeholder engagement plan.
Update the Stakeholder register.
Update the requirements traceability matrix.
Update the Project management plan.
Update the Stakeholder engagement plan.Correct answerUpdate the Stakeholder register.Update the requirements traceability matrix.Update the Project management plan.Overall explanationKeyword “ a new stakeholder “ the stakeholder should be identified first and Update Stakeholder Register. The above question very important and you will encounter in the real exam.DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 21:
After analyzing risk with the project team, the project manager decided to establish a contingency reserve to handle the threat if it occurs. What type of strategy is this?
Active acceptance
Passive transference
Active mitigation
Passive acceptance
Correct answerActive acceptancePassive transferenceActive mitigationPassive acceptanceOverall explanationThe most common active acceptance strategy is to establish a contingency reserve, including amounts of time, money, or resources to handle the threat if it occurs. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 443.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 22:
A project manager noticed an unusually high rate of risks but had limited resources to address all of them. To what should the project manager refer to determine risk priorities?
Risk probability and impact matrix.
Risk management plan.
Risk mitigation strategy.
Risk breakdown structure (RBS).
Correct answerRisk probability and impact matrix.Risk management plan.Risk mitigation strategy.Risk breakdown structure (RBS).Overall explanationA probability and impact matrix is a grid for mapping the probability of each risk occurrence and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs. This matrix specifies combinations of probability and impact that allow individual project risks to be divided into priority groups (see Figure 11-5). Risks can be prioritized for further analysis and planning of risk responses based on their probability and impacts. The probability of occurrence for each individual project risk is assessed as well as its impact on one or more project objectives if it does occur, using definitions of probability and impact for the project as specified in the risk management plan. Individual project risks are assigned to a priority level based on the combination of their assessed probability and impact, using a probability and impact matrix. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 425.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 23:
You are a project manager managing a construction project. During project closure, you were not able to get the customer clearance through negotiations. What should the project manager do next?
Seek arbitration following the ADR procedures.
Unresolved claims may be subject to litigation.
Start the closing phase.
Inform project team members.
Correct answerSeek arbitration following the ADR procedures.Unresolved claims may be subject to litigation.Start the closing phase.Inform project team members.Overall explanationWhenever settlement cannot be achieved through direct negotiation, some form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) including mediation or arbitration may be explored. When all else fails, litigation in the courts is the least desirable option. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 498]DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 24:
A project manager wants to establish benchmark for comparing actual project performance with the project management plan. What process should the project manager complete to generate this model?
Develop schedule
Create WBS
Develop project Charter
Sequence activities
Develop scheduleCorrect answerCreate WBSDevelop project CharterSequence activitiesOverall explanationCreate WBS process is the correct answer because the scope baseline is an output from this process and The scope baseline is compared to actual results to determine if a change, corrective action, or preventive action is necessary.SO will use as a benchmark for Comparison.DomainProject Scope Management
Question 25:
Marvin is so good at assembling those types of equipment that if someone with no experience is hired, it will take three years to match his skill. This type of knowledge is known as:
Experience knowledge
Explicit knowledge
Tacit knowledge
Embedded knowledge
Experience knowledgeExplicit knowledgeCorrect answerTacit knowledgeEmbedded knowledgeOverall explanationKnowledge is commonly split into explicit (knowledge that can be readily codified using words, pictures, and numbers) and tacit (knowledge that is personal and difficult to express, such as beliefs, insights, experience, and know-how). PMBOK Guide 6, Page 100.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 26:
You are managing a heavy equipment manufacturing project. During the implementation phase, an unforeseen issue occurred and need to procure a new piece of machinery. As a project manager, from where may the necessary funds be obtained?
Management reserve.
Contingency reserve.
Project sponsor.
Cost Baseline.
Correct answerManagement reserve.Contingency reserve.Project sponsor.Cost Baseline.Overall explanationKeyword (unforeseen issue) . Management reserves are an amount of the project budget withheld for management control purposes and are reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project. Management reserves are intended to address the unknown unknowns that can affect a project. [PMBOK Guide 6, Page 252]DomainProject Cost Management
Question 27:
You have been assigned to an ongoing project. This project is about identifying the key market driver for your company’s financial product, and your project team told you that there are several problems with the stakeholders. To quickly assess the current situation, which of the following documents will be the FIRST one that you should check?
Communications Management Plan
Project Management Plan
Issue Log
Stakeholder Management Plan
Communications Management PlanProject Management PlanCorrect answerIssue LogStakeholder Management PlanOverall explanationAny project or stakeholder concerns are documented in the issue log, as well as any assigned action items associated with managing the issue. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 525DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 28:
One of the client employees asks the project manager for a new product feature. The project manager is unsure who have the authority to approve this request. To what document should the project manager refer?
Change Management Plan
Organizational process assets ( OPA )
Change Log
RACI Matrix
Correct answerChange Management PlanOrganizational process assets ( OPA )Change LogRACI MatrixOverall explanationKeyword (authority to approve the request) The change management plan provides the direction for managing the change control process and documents the roles and responsibilities of the change control board (CCB). RACI Matrix is used to illustrate the connections between work packages, or activities, and project team members. so the correct answer is change management plan. [PMBOK 6, Page 116]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 29:
The enterprise environmental factors play an important role during the development of the project charter. Enterprise Environmental Factors includes some elements such as:
Organizational standard policies, processes, and procedures
Templates (e.g., project charter template)
Historical information and lessons learned .
Organizational culture and political climate
Organizational standard policies, processes, and proceduresTemplates (e.g., project charter template)Historical information and lessons learned .Correct answerOrganizational culture and political climateOverall explanationOrganizational culture, and political climate is examples of (EEF). [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 78]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 30:
Which of the following techniques should a project manager use to optimize and reduce the duration of a project?
Resource levelling.
Fast tracking.
Critical path method.
Simulation
Resource levelling.Correct answerFast tracking.Critical path method.SimulationOverall explanationFast tracking. A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration. [PMBOK Guide 6, Page 215]DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 31:
You are the project manager of the AMD project for your organization. In this project, you are currently performing quantitative risk analysis. The tool and technique you are using is a simulation where the project model is computed many times with the input values chosen at random for each iteration and Outputs representing the range of possible outcomes for the project. The goal is to create a probability distribution from the iterations for the project schedule. What technique will you use with this simulation?
Pareto charts
Expected Monetary Value
Monte Carlo Technique
Cause and effect diagram
Pareto chartsExpected Monetary ValueCorrect answerMonte Carlo TechniqueCause and effect diagramOverall explanationComputer software is used to iterate the quantitative risk analysis model several thousand times. The input values (e.g., cost estimates, duration estimates, or occurrence of probabilistic branches) are chosen at random for each iteration. Outputs represent the range of possible outcomes for the project. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 433]DomainProject Risk Management
Question 32:
In one of the design processes, some steps are consuming unnecessary time. Also, some team members are struggling as they are not well trained to perform this design effectively. How will the project manager act to improve the situation?
Suggest the design team lead to perform root cause analysis of the design issues at the earliest
Submit a request for design process audit by another department not involved in the project
Use a flowchart to find out where the defects are occurring in the design process
Ask the design team to perform process analysis for the design process
Suggest the design team lead to perform root cause analysis of the design issues at the earliestSubmit a request for design process audit by another department not involved in the projectUse a flowchart to find out where the defects are occurring in the design processCorrect answerAsk the design team to perform process analysis for the design processOverall explanationKeyword (some steps which are consuming unnecessary time). Process analysis is most relevant here due to observed constraints and non value-add work. Process analysis identifies opportunities for process improvements. This analysis also examines problems, constraints, and non-value-added activities that occur during a process. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 292.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 33:
The conflict between the requirements is best resolved in favor of the:
Project manager’s boss
Customer
Team members
Sponsor
Project manager’s bossCorrect answerCustomerTeam membersSponsorOverall explanationThe conflict between the requirements should always be resolved in favor of the Customer.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 34:
A new project manager found the previous project lessons learned notes while browsing a local archive. The project manager noticed that those notes were not stored in the project management information system (PMIS). What should the project manager do with the notes?
Disregard the notes since they are not in the PMIS.
Store a local copy on their hard drive for future use.
As the notes are already available, no further action is required.
Ask the previous project manager to archive the notes in the PMIS.
Disregard the notes since they are not in the PMIS.Store a local copy on their hard drive for future use.As the notes are already available, no further action is required.Correct answerAsk the previous project manager to archive the notes in the PMIS.Overall explanationCollecting and documenting the lessons learned throughout the project and updating the organization knowledge is one of the key tasks for the project manager during the project closing phase, to comply with statutory requirements and for potential use in future projects and audits. So, the project manager of the previous project has to add the notes to the PMIS.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 35:
Rework is an example of:
Cost of contingency reserve
Cost of Conformance
Cost of quality
External Failure Costs
Cost of contingency reserveCost of ConformanceCorrect answerCost of qualityExternal Failure CostsOverall explanationThe cost of quality (COQ) associated with a project consists of Prevention costs, Appraisal costs and Failure costs (internal/external). Rework is an example of Internal Failure Costs. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 282, 283.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 36:
As a project manager, what estimating technique should you use to estimate a project using a firm-fixed-price contract?
Analogous Estimating
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
Parametric Estimating
Bottom-up Estimating
Analogous EstimatingProgram Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)Parametric EstimatingCorrect answerBottom-up EstimatingOverall explanationBottom-up Estimating will give you the most accurate estimates, and it requires a well-defined scope & accurate WBS.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 37:
Your project sponsor has specified that you have to consider the external limitations during the schedule development process. The external limitation is an example of:
Assumptions
Regulations
Constraints
Standards
AssumptionsRegulationsCorrect answerConstraintsStandardsOverall explanationThe external limitation is an example of ConstraintsDomainProject Integration Management
Question 38:
You are planning the risk responses for your project. You asked your project team to perform more tests on the critical developed applications to minimize issues during the user acceptance testing phase. This Risk Response is an example of:
Risk Transference
Risk Mitigation
Risk Avoidance
Risk Acceptance
Risk TransferenceCorrect answerRisk MitigationRisk AvoidanceRisk AcceptanceOverall explanationPerforming more tests is one way to mitigate the risk. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 443.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 39:
You are a mentor to an entry-level project manager. This manager has obtained sign-off on the requirements documentation for his project. He is now thinking about beginning project execution based on the requirements, then informs you about it and seeks your advice. What will you advise him to do next?
To monitor the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline
To breakdown the deliverables into work packages
To determine or define the product scope description, deliverables, exclusions and acceptance criteria
To document how requirements will be prioritized for his project
To monitor the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baselineTo breakdown the deliverables into work packagesCorrect answerTo determine or define the product scope description, deliverables, exclusions and acceptance criteriaTo document how requirements will be prioritized for his projectOverall explanationThe next thing to do after documenting requirements is to define scope. The WBS can be created only after that option: ( To breakdown the deliverables into work packages ). Approach for prioritization of requirements should have been agreed and documented (option: To document how requirements will be prioritized for his project ) before collecting requirements.DomainProject Scope Management
Question 40:
You are a project manager in a construction company. Your company would like to outsource the landscaping works to a subcontractor to complete within three months. The Budget of the Work is $ 40,000, and the scope is well defined. What type of contract you will probably choose:
Fixed-price
Cost-reimbursable
Cost plus incentive fee
Time and material
Correct answerFixed-priceCost-reimbursableCost plus incentive feeTime and materialOverall explanationFixed-price contracts. This category of contracts involves setting a fixed total price for a defined product, service, or result to be provided. These contracts should be used when the requirements are well defined and no significant changes to the scope are expected. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 471.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 41:
A project to develop a new retail banking product is in progress. The project has fallen behind schedule because team members are lacking motivation. What should the project manager do to motivate the project team?
Offer recognition and rewards.
Delegates the responsibilities.
Apply creative problem solving.
Use coaching and monitoring skills.
Correct answerOffer recognition and rewards.Delegates the responsibilities.Apply creative problem solving.Use coaching and monitoring skills.Overall explanationThe team members are lacking motivation. So the best thing should the project manager do to motivate them is to Offer recognition and rewards. People are motivated when they feel they are valued in the organization and this value is demonstrated by the rewards given to them. Generally, money is viewed as a tangible aspect of any reward system, but intangible rewards could be equally or even more effective. Most project team members are motivated by an opportunity to grow, accomplish, be appreciated, and apply their professional skills to meet new challenges. A good strategy for project managers is to give the team recognition throughout the life cycle of the project rather than waiting until the project is completed. PMBOK 6th edition Page, 342DomainProject Resource Management
Question 42:
Midway through the design phase of a software development project, the project manager realizes that planned tasks will be delivered late. What should the project manager do first?
Revise the task delivery dates in the project management plan.
Assume the delay, and report it during the next stakeholder meeting.
Email stakeholders about the delay, and update the project management plan.
Update the issue log.
Revise the task delivery dates in the project management plan.Assume the delay, and report it during the next stakeholder meeting.Email stakeholders about the delay, and update the project management plan.Correct answerUpdate the issue log.Overall explanationKeyword (planned tasks will be delivered late) its an issue and the project manager should Update the issue log. The issue log will help the project manager effectively track and manage issues, ensuring that they are investigated and resolved. PMBOK 6th edition Page, 96DomainProject Integration Management
Question 43:
Ben is the project manager for a mobile application development project. Ben has just finished the kick-off meeting. What is the next project phase?
Executing
Planning
Closing
Monitoring and Controlling
Correct answerExecutingPlanningClosingMonitoring and ControllingOverall explanationThe project kick-off meeting is usually associated with the end of planning, so the next phase is Executing. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 86.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 44:
Your quality team tested an electronic component created during the project, and the test failed. The cost of such testing classified as:
External failure cost
Appraisal cost
Internal failure cost
Appraisal and internal failure costs
External failure costAppraisal costInternal failure costCorrect answerAppraisal and internal failure costsOverall explanationA failed test incurs both appraisal cost (test cost) and internal failure cost (since the test was done internally by your team). Moreover, The control quality process has related costs, which are mainly the appraisal costs and internal failure costs. PMBOK Guide 6, Pages 275, 283.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 45:
Which of the following items can be established by creating the Cost Management Plan on a project?
Level of accuracy and Work Packages
Units of Measure and Quality Metrics
Rules of Performance Measurement and Rewards
Control Thresholds and Units of Measure
Level of accuracy and Work PackagesUnits of Measure and Quality MetricsRules of Performance Measurement and RewardsCorrect answerControl Thresholds and Units of MeasureOverall explanationA Cost Management Plan establishes Control Thresholds and Units of Measure. Control Thresholds are typically expressed as a percentage of deviation from the baseline. Units of Measure is defined as units such as staff hours or staff days.[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 238]DomainProject Cost Management
Question 46:
You are managing a project that has a one-year duration. During the project execution, you find that the quality standards require a major change because the project quality standards you are working on are not effective. As a project manager, what should you do?
Follow the Communication management plan
Follow the risk management plan
Follow the change management plan
Follow the scope management plan
Follow the Communication management planFollow the risk management planCorrect answerFollow the change management planFollow the scope management planOverall explanationChange management plan. Describes how the change requests throughout the project will be formally authorized and incorporated. The change management plan defines the process for managing change on the project.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 47:
Which of the following business documents that Justify why the project is authorized?
Project charter.
Business case
Scope statement of work.
Project management plan.
Project charter.Correct answerBusiness caseScope statement of work.Project management plan.Overall explanationThe business need and the cost-benefit analysis are contained in the business case to justify and establish boundaries for the project. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 77]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 48:
While Estimating costs - you are expecting some rework in deliverables. However, the amount of rework is not known. This is an example of:
Management reserves
Contingency Reserves
Three-Point Estimation
Bottom-Up Estimation
Management reservesCorrect answerContingency ReservesThree-Point EstimationBottom-Up EstimationOverall explanationExpecting rework is known. However, the ‘amount’ of rework is unknown - which is an ‘unknown.’ Contingency reserves are meant for ‘known unknowns’ such as - risks which are identified and accepted.DomainProject Cost Management
Question 49:
The project manager and his team started identifying individual project risks and sources of overall project risk and documenting their characteristics. Which of the following is a data analysis technique used in this process?
Root cause analysis
Brainstorming
Probability and impact matrix
Interviews
Correct answerRoot cause analysisBrainstormingProbability and impact matrixInterviewsOverall explanationRoot cause analysis is a data analysis technique used in identify risk process .typically used to discover the underlying causes that lead to a problem and develop preventive action. It can be used to determine threats by starting with a problem statement and exploring which threats might result in that problem occurring. The same technique can be used to find opportunities by beginning with a benefit statement and exploring which opportunities might result in that benefit being realized. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 415 .DomainProject Risk Management
Question 50:
During the implementation phase, you noticed that a competitor would be ready to put the same product into the marketplace. What should you do next?
Update the project charter
Cost benefit analysis
Stakeholders analysis
Advise the sponsor to cancel the project
Update the project charterCorrect answerCost benefit analysisStakeholders analysisAdvise the sponsor to cancel the projectOverall explanationWhen the competitor is ready to put the same product in the marketplace you must make a cost-benefit analysis to see if you will continue in the project or cancel it. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 111.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 51:
You have just been moved onto a project that is well into the project implementation phase. You then realize that no stakeholder register exists for the project. Since you are new to the organization, you want to ensure that you use its templates for documents. Therefore, you search for a template for a stakeholder registered in the:
Project management plan
Organizational process assets
Enterprise environmental factors
Stakeholder management plan
Project management planCorrect answerOrganizational process assetsEnterprise environmental factorsStakeholder management planOverall explanationOrganizational process assets are inputs in Identify Stakeholders process and include Stakeholder register templates. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 510]DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 52:
A project manager is in the process of obtaining seller responses, selecting a seller and awarding a contract. Which of the following is most likely to include a procurement statement of work (SOW) and request for proposal (RFP)?
Procurement documentation
Procurement management plan
Project Management plan
Quality reports
Correct answerProcurement documentationProcurement management planProject Management planQuality reportsOverall explanationThe question suggests that the Conduct Procurements process is underway. Procurement documentation provides a written record used in reaching the legal agreement and can include bid documents, procurement statement of work Of the available options, only the procurement documentation contains all of the elements specified by the question. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 485]DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 53:
The business case documents the business needs and the cost-benefit analysis that justifies the project. The summary of how the project has achieved the business needs identified in the business case is documented in the:
Project final report
Project Scope Statement
Project charter
Project WBS
Correct answerProject final reportProject Scope StatementProject charterProject WBSOverall explanationThe summary of how the project has achieved the business needs identified in the business case is included in a project’s final report. The other choices are either project initiating or planning documents. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 128]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 54:
Your customer requested a change to the project that would increase the project risk. As a project manager, what should you do next?
Talk to the customer about the impact of the change
A workaround
Analyze the impact of the change with the team on other project constraints
Change the risk management plan
Talk to the customer about the impact of the changeA workaroundCorrect answerAnalyze the impact of the change with the team on other project constraintsChange the risk management planOverall explanationFirst, you should analyze the impact with the team members on all project constraints ( Cost, Time, Quality, resources,…)DomainProject Integration Management
Question 55:
Brad is the Project Manager of a new data migration project. The Project sponsor has information about the project which is behind schedule and over budget, but he wants more details about the progress of the project. As a Project manager, what should you provide to the project sponsor about the STATUS of the project?
Work performance report
Work performance data
Work performance information
Earned value report
Correct answerWork performance reportWork performance dataWork performance informationEarned value reportOverall explanationSponsor know that the project is behind schedule and over budget so he Knows EV report so the next step the project manager should provide to sponsor ( work performance report ) because WPR includes status reports and progress reports. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 382]DomainProject Communications Management
Question 56:
As you work to prepare your quality management plan for your project. Which of the following can help you to have an overview of the tests required to verify requirements?
Review the Quality metrics
Review the requirements traceability matrix
Use a checklist
Review project scope statement
Review the Quality metricsCorrect answerReview the requirements traceability matrixUse a checklistReview project scope statementOverall explanationThe requirements traceability matrix links product requirements to deliverables and helps to ensure each requirement in the requirements documentation is tested. The matrix provides an overview of the tests required to verify the requirements. ( PMBOK Guide 6th Edition, page 280 )DomainProject Quality Management
Question 57:
The total budget of a 12-month project is US$ 2 million. The project’s first three months indicate a cost to date of US$500,000, the earned value is US$ 525,000, and the total amount spent till now is US$ 550,000. What is the project status?
On schedule and on budget.
Behind schedule and over schedule.
Ahead of schedule and under budget.
Ahead of schedule and over budget.
On schedule and on budget.Behind schedule and over schedule.Ahead of schedule and under budget.Correct answerAhead of schedule and over budget.Overall explanationA cost to date (PV) = US$500,000 && Earned value (EV) = 525,000. && Actual cost (AC) = 550,000…. EV < AC and EV > PV SO the project is Ahead of schedule and over budget. Very important questionDomainProject Cost Management
Question 58:
As a project manager, if you want to determine the best corrective action in terms of cost in case of project deviations, which of the following data analysis techniques should you use?
Variance analysis
Earned value analysis
Cost-benefit analysis
Trend analysis
Variance analysisEarned value analysisCorrect answerCost-benefit analysisTrend analysisOverall explanationThe cost-benefit analysis helps to determine the best corrective action in terms of cost in case of project deviations. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 111]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 59:
A project manager wants to ensure sufficient stakeholder participation throughout a project’s Life cycle.. What should the project manager include in the stakeholder engagement plan?
Stakeholder power/interest grid.
Change requests initiated by stakeholders.
Feedback from stakeholders on project operations.
Desired and current stakeholder engagement levels.
Stakeholder power/interest grid.Change requests initiated by stakeholders.Feedback from stakeholders on project operations.Correct answerDesired and current stakeholder engagement levels.Overall explanationA stakeholder engagement assessment matrix supports comparison between the current engagement levels of stakeholders and the desired engagement levels required for successful project delivery. To to ensure sufficient stakeholder participation throughout a project’s Life cycle , the project manager should include the Desired and current stakeholder engagement levels in the stakeholder engagement plan. PMBOK 6th edition Page,521DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 60:
Which of the following inputs is a main input for the initiation processes?
Organizational process assets
Requirements traceability matrix
Project management plan
Expert judgment
Correct answerOrganizational process assetsRequirements traceability matrixProject management planExpert judgmentOverall explanationOrganizational process assets are inputs for developing the project charter process and identify the stakeholder processDomainProject Integration Management
Question 61:
You are a project manager for a software project. Which of the following data representation techniques that can be used in understanding and estimating the cost of quality for a process?
Process maps
Matrix diagrams
Logical data model
Prioritization matrix
Correct answerProcess mapsMatrix diagramsLogical data modelPrioritization matrixOverall explanationFlowcharts are also referred to as process maps because they display the sequence of steps and the branching possibilities that exist for a process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs. Flowcharts may prove useful in understanding and estimating the cost of quality for a process.[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 284]DomainProject Quality Management
Question 62:
A project manager is running a complex transformation project. During a team briefing, the lead resource raises a concern that a critical milestone is being affected because tasks are taking longer than expected. What should the project manager do?
Review the project management plan to identify how the estimates were built.
Identify corrective actions and raise the issue to the change control board CCB if needed.
Inform the project sponsor of the expected delay and potential impact.
Increase the number of resources to ensure that milestones are achieved.
Review the project management plan to identify how the estimates were built.Correct answerIdentify corrective actions and raise the issue to the change control board CCB if needed.Inform the project sponsor of the expected delay and potential impact.Increase the number of resources to ensure that milestones are achieved.Overall explanationSince the critical milestone is being affected because tasks are taking longer than expected. The project manager should Identify corrective actions and raise the issue to the change control board CCB if needed. Option ( Increase the number of resources to ensure that milestones are achieved. ) is the next step after CCB approval.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 63:
A project’s primary focus is staying on schedule. To monitor this, the project manager requests monthly progress reports from the contractor. What should the project manager ask the contractor to include in these reports?
Work breakdown structure (WBS)
Schedule attributes.
Gantt chart.
Network chart.
Work breakdown structure (WBS)Schedule attributes.Correct answerGantt chart.Network chart.Overall explanationThe project manager should ask the contractor to include in these reports the Gantt charts Also known as bar charts because its represent schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horizontal axis, and activity durations are shown as horizontal bars placed according to start and finish dates. Bar charts are relatively easy to read and are commonly used. [PMBOK Guide 6, Page 217]DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 64:
In an agile project you manage, the flow of work is often interrupted by various delays or impediments. What should you do?
You should begin by training project team members the concepts and principles of the agile mindset.
Make work visible using kanban boards and experimenting
You should use a flow based agile to ease agile concepts to project team members.
You should use various test-driven development practices.
You should begin by training project team members the concepts and principles of the agile mindset.Correct answerMake work visible using kanban boards and experimentingYou should use a flow based agile to ease agile concepts to project team members.You should use various test-driven development practices.Overall explanationIn this case if the flow of work is often interrupted by various delays or impediments you should consider Make work visible using kanban boards and experimenting. Agile Practice Guide, Page 32DomainProject Resource Management
Question 65:
Which of the following data representation techniques meet the following criteria: helps to Categorize stakeholders and combine the grid elements into a three-dimensional model that can be useful to project managers and teams in identifying and engaging their stakeholder community and assists with the development of communication strategies?
Power/influence grid
Probability and impact matrix
Stakeholder cube
Power/interest grid
Power/influence gridProbability and impact matrixCorrect answerStakeholder cubePower/interest gridOverall explanationStakeholder cube. This is a refinement of the grid models previously mentioned. This model combines the grid elements into a three-dimensional model that can be useful to project managers and teams in identifying and engaging their stakeholder community. It provides a model with multiple dimensions that improve the depiction of the stakeholder community as a multidimensional entity and assists with the development of communication strategies. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 513.DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 66:
Mark is a project manager working for a construction company. As part of his current project, he oversees the inspection of deliverables, measuring them against documented requirements and acceptance criteria for obtaining the stakeholders’ formal acceptance of the project deliverables. What project management process is he performing?
Validate Scope
Control Quality
Control Scope
Manage Quality
Correct answerValidate ScopeControl QualityControl ScopeManage QualityOverall explanationVALIDATE SCOPE: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES: inspection includes activities such as measuring, examining and validating to determine whether work and deliverables meet requirements and product acceptance criteria. Inspections are sometimes called reviews, product reviews, and walkthroughs. In some application areas, these different terms have unique and specific meanings. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 166.DomainProject Scope Management
Question 67:
You have just been assigned as project manager for a large manufacturing project. You want to understand the process for preparing the project scope statement and how the formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained. Which of the following will you have to check?
The stakeholder management plan
The requirements management plan
The scope management plan
The quality management plan
The stakeholder management planThe requirements management planCorrect answerThe scope management planThe quality management planOverall explanationThe scope management plan is a component of the project management plan that contains information and guidance on how the scope and the scope-related processes are to be managed. What is included varies, but should contain procedures and processes specifying how the formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables will be obtained. Acceptance of project deliverables is influenced by other project management plans, such as the stakeholder management plan and the quality management plan. Nevertheless, the scope management plan is what specifies the process most directly. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 137]DomainProject Scope Management
Question 68:
You are working with your customers on completing deliverables in your electronic parts manufacturing project. Which of the following stakeholders can modify and make changes in the project charter?
The project sponsor
The project customer
The team members
All stakeholders
Correct answerThe project sponsorThe project customerThe team membersAll stakeholdersOverall explanationThe sponsor is the only person who can modify and make changes in the project charter.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 69:
Your organization has announced a major transformation program. You have been selected as the project manager for one of the process improvement projects. You are now selecting your project team. Which of the following should be one of your considerations while selecting your team?
Select team members who are geographically distributed but 100% available for the project.
Select team members who can be collocated and are 100% available for the project.
Select team members who can either be collocated or are at least 50% available for the project.
Select team members who can either be collocated or are at least 25% available for the project.
Select team members who are geographically distributed but 100% available for the project.Correct answerSelect team members who can be collocated and are 100% available for the project.Select team members who can either be collocated or are at least 50% available for the project.Select team members who can either be collocated or are at least 25% available for the project.Overall explanationIn practice, the most effective Agile teams are collocated and are made 100% available for the project. Agile Practice Guide, Page 39.DomainProject Resource Management
Question 70:
You are working with your team on estimating how much time each activity will take. One of the documents you are using contains information on categories of labor, material, and equipment required to complete your project. You are also interested to see the skill level of your laborers, any certifications required, and grade levels of your supplies. Which of the following documents would you primarily refer to for this purpose?
Work breakdown structure
Organizational breakdown structure
Resource breakdown structure
Risk breakdown structure
Work breakdown structureOrganizational breakdown structureCorrect answerResource breakdown structureRisk breakdown structureOverall explanationBased on the scenario described, the project team is performing the Estimate Activity Durations process. An input to this process is the resource breakdown structure (RBS) which is a hierarchical list of team and physical resources related by category and resource type that is used for planning, managing, and controlling project work. Each descending level represents an increasingly detailed description of the resource until the information is small enough to be used in conjunction with the WBS to allow the work to be planned, monitored, and controlled. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 198]DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 71:
As part of the initiation process, what should the project manager do before the planning stage?
Start gathering requirements and plan the kick-off meeting.
Define the project sign-off criteria and create a risk register.
Develop the project charter and identify the stakeholders.
Acquire the resources and determine the budget.
Start gathering requirements and plan the kick-off meeting.Define the project sign-off criteria and create a risk register.Correct answerDevelop the project charter and identify the stakeholders.Acquire the resources and determine the budget.Overall explanationIn the initiation phase, the project manager should Develop the project charter and identify the stakeholders prior to the planning stage.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 72:
A project manager is managing a project to build a telecommunications tower. The project requires a crane, but the booked crane received a last-minute reassignment to a higher-priority government project. What should the project manager do first?
Review the service agreement with the vendor.
Add this to the issue log.
Prepare resolution for the situation.
Escalate the solution to stakeholders.
Review the service agreement with the vendor.Correct answerAdd this to the issue log.Prepare resolution for the situation.Escalate the solution to stakeholders.Overall explanationKeyword ( FIRST) The project manager should first Add this issue to the issue log. Then Prepare resolution for the situation. Note: If he ask what is the best course of action, then the best answer is Prepare resolution for the situation.DomainProject Resource Management
Question 73:
The Requirements Elicitation Team has generated a large number of ideas to gather product and project requirements. Which of the following techniques is best suited to generate, organize information, and allow large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis?
Brainstorming
Idea/mind mapping
Nominal group technique
Affinity diagram
BrainstormingIdea/mind mappingNominal group techniqueCorrect answerAffinity diagramOverall explanationAffinity diagrams allow large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 144.DomainProject Scope Management
Question 74:
You are managing the changes made to the scope baseline. The causes of variances and the reasoning behind the corrective action chosen should be included in:
Recommended corrective action
Lessons learned register
Scope management plan
Risk Register
Recommended corrective actionCorrect answerLessons learned registerScope management planRisk RegisterOverall explanationThe lessons learned register could be updated with techniques that are efficient and effective in controlling scope, including causes of variances and corrective actions chosen.[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 171]DomainProject Scope Management
Question 75:
You are over budget and it is impossible to complete the project with the given budget. Therefore, you raise the change request which your management approves. After the change request is approved, you update the cost baseline and update other project documents. The document used to register any changes which occur during the project execution is known as:
Issue log
RACI matrix
Risk register
Change log
Issue logRACI matrixRisk registerCorrect answerChange logOverall explanationIn the change log, you record any change that occurs during the project, along with its impact on any project objective [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 120 ]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 76:
A project is contracted on a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) basis with a Fixed fee of US $5,000. The estimated cost is US$50,000. If the project comes in at US$60,000 with no changes in project scope, what would be the total cost of the contract?
US$80,000
US$75,000
US$55,000
US$65,000
US$80,000US$75,000US$55,000Correct answerUS$65,000Overall explanationIn a Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF) type of contract, the seller is reimbursed for allowable costs and receives a fixed fee payment calculated as a percentage of the estimated project costs. The fixed fee does not vary with actual costs unless the project scope changes. In the current scenario, the fixed fee is US$5,000. Although the actual project comes in at US$ 60,000, the fixed fee remains the same. Hence, the total cost of the contract will be 60,000 + 5,000 = 65,000. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 472.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 77:
During the implementation phase, one of your project team has told you that the cement will delay one week. As a project manager, what document should you refer to FIRST?
Risk management plan
Risk Register
Issue Log
Risk Response Plan
Risk management planCorrect answerRisk RegisterIssue LogRisk Response PlanOverall explanationYou should refer First to Risk Register to check this risk was identified before or not. If yes so this identified risk and you should implement the response. if not identified before so this unidentified risk occurred and you should do workaround.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 78:
A project manager is in the process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create an approved project schedule. What should the project manager do NEXT?
Determine resource requirement for each activity in the project
Use techniques like Critical Path method and What-if Analysis to calculate optimum duration of the project
Use the approved schedule duration as a baseline and start tracking the project
Create a network diagram of the project using one of the diagramming methods
Determine resource requirement for each activity in the projectUse techniques like Critical Path method and What-if Analysis to calculate optimum duration of the projectCorrect answerUse the approved schedule duration as a baseline and start tracking the projectCreate a network diagram of the project using one of the diagramming methodsOverall explanationThe project manager is in the “develop schedule” process and has already derived an approved project schedule. Other options are already completed as part of the processes estimate activity resources, develop schedule, and sequence activities. The next step would be to treat this estimate as a schedule baseline and start tracking the project as part of the control schedule process.DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 79:
You are a project manager working on a strict deadline. You find a work package on the critical path, which is highly complex and could delay the final delivery of your product. After consulting your customer, you decide to drop this work package from the project. Which risk response strategies do you use in this case?
Sharing
Exploit
Avoid
Escalate
SharingExploitCorrect answerAvoidEscalateOverall explanationAs a project manager, you use risk avoidance or elimination by not doing the activity. Other approaches are reduction by mitigating the risk, sharing by outsourcing, or insuring and retention by accepting and budgeting for project risks.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 80:
You are a project manager of a company, and your project is currently in the execution phase. One of your project teams leave the site early at 3:00 pm Friday and mistreats his colleagues. You would like to establish clear expectations regarding the acceptable behavior of the team member. To avoid such situations, you should create:
The team charter
Interpersonal skills
Team-building activities
Management skills
Correct answerThe team charterInterpersonal skillsTeam-building activitiesManagement skillsOverall explanationThe team charter establishes clear expectations regarding acceptable behavior by project team members. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 320]DomainProject Resource Management
Question 81:
A project manager for a software development project has collected the work performance data and used the requirements documentation and requirements traceability matrix to generate the work performance information regarding variances in the project work compared to the baseline. What process is the project manager performing?
Control Scope
Validate Scope
Direct and Manage Project Work
Manage Quality
Correct answerControl ScopeValidate ScopeDirect and Manage Project WorkManage QualityOverall explanationTo answer this question correctly, it is important to understand how work performance data is transformed into work performance information. Work performance data is produced as a result of project execution. The work performance data can then be analyzed during various controlling processes to produce work performance information (see the image below). Work performance information is only produced as an output during the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group. In this scenario, the question suggests that a variance analysis has been performed using work performance data in order to produce work performance information. Thus, it can be concluded that the process underway is part of the Monitoring and Controlling Process Group, and the two answer choices representing executing processes can be eliminated. Both the Validate Scope and Control Scope processes produce work performance information as an output. However, only the Control Scope process uses variance analysis to produce work performance information regarding variances in the project work compared to the scope baseline. Therefore, of the available choices, the project manager must be executing the Control Scope process.DomainProject Scope Management
Question 82:
You are developing a quality management plan for your project. During the planning process, one of your team members told you that, in the past, the organization had completed a similar project. You started to review the old project and found that some of its quality metrics can be used in your project. This technique is known as:
Prototyping
Process analysis
Reviewing organization process assets
Benchmarking
PrototypingProcess analysisReviewing organization process assetsCorrect answerBenchmarkingOverall explanationIn benchmarking, you compare the current project parameters with past comparable project parameters to identify the best practices and ideas for improvement. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 281.DomainProject Quality Management
Question 83:
During the planning phase of your project, you identified several internal stakeholders in various departments: the IT department, HR department, and technical department. Also, you identified several external stakeholders such as vendors, subcontractors, governmental organizations. What is the best way to distribute information for such numbers of stakeholders?
Classify the stakeholders by interest/ influence grid.
Establish a strict communication models system
Classify the stakeholders into groups and send them the required information only
Use interactive communications with the various numbers of stakeholders
Classify the stakeholders by interest/ influence grid.Establish a strict communication models systemCorrect answerClassify the stakeholders into groups and send them the required information onlyUse interactive communications with the various numbers of stakeholdersOverall explanationWhen there are several internal stakeholders in various departments and external several stakeholders, you should Classify the stakeholders into groups and send them the required information only.DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 84:
After finalizing some activities for the project, the customer is not satisfied and complains that his requirements are not being met. In which of the following processes should the project manager have involved him to ensure approval?
Collect requirements
Close project or phase
Develop Project charter
Validate scope
Collect requirementsClose project or phaseDevelop Project charterCorrect answerValidate scopeOverall explanationValidate Scope is the process of formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. The key benefit of this process is that it brings objectivity to the acceptance process and increases the probability of the final product. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 163]DomainProject Scope Management
Question 85:
Which of the following is an estimating technique that uses a statistical relationship between historical data and project parameters to calculate the activity duration?
Top-down estimating
Bottom-up estimating
Parametric estimating
Three-Point estimating
Top-down estimatingBottom-up estimatingCorrect answerParametric estimatingThree-Point estimatingOverall explanationParametric estimating is an estimating technique in which an algorithm is used to calculate cost or duration based on historical data and project parameters. Parametric estimating uses a statistical relationship between historical data and other variables (e.g., square footage in construction) to calculate an estimate for activity parameters, such as cost, budget, and duration. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 200.DomainProject Schedule Management
Question 86:
During the execution of a project, the project manager discovers that one branch team’s tasks are being ineffectively influenced by one team member. What should a project manager use to ensure good working relationships among team members?
Ground rules.
Team-building activities.
Recognition and rewards.
Interpersonal skills.
Ground rules.Correct answerTeam-building activities.Recognition and rewards.Interpersonal skills.Overall explanationKeyword ( ineffectively - good working relationships among team members ) The objective of team-building activities is to help individual team members work together effectively. Team-building strategies are particularly valuable when team members operate from remote locations without the benefit of face-to-face contact. Informal communication and activities can help in building trust and establishing good working relationships. Note : team-building activities is a part of Interpersonal skills. but here you should use the son not father. PMBOK 6th edition page, 341DomainProject Resource Management
Question 87:
A project manager joined a project with cross-functional stakeholders and a fixed go-live date. The project manager wants to quickly gather requirements and ensure all stakeholders are aligned so that any conflicts are flagged as early as possible. What should the project manager do?
Use facilitation techniques with all stakeholders.
Set up job-shadowing sessions for all stakeholders.
Conduct individual interviews with each stakeholder.
Send a questionnaire to all stakeholders.
Correct answerUse facilitation techniques with all stakeholders.Set up job-shadowing sessions for all stakeholders.Conduct individual interviews with each stakeholder.Send a questionnaire to all stakeholders.Overall explanationKeyword ( cross-functional stakeholders ). Facilitation is used with focused sessions that bring key stakeholders together to define product requirements. Workshops can be used to quickly define cross-functional requirements and reconcile stakeholder differences. Because of their interactive group nature, well-facilitated sessions can build trust, foster relationships, and improve communication among the participants, which can lead to increased stakeholder consensus. In addition, issues can be discovered earlier and resolved more quickly than in individual sessions. PMBOK 6th edition Page, 145DomainProject Scope Management
Question 88:
During a weekly status meeting, a team member informed the project manager that the design submitted to the local government for approval was rejected, due to an error in the blueprint. Resubmission will require an additional two weeks. What should the project manager do first?
Inform the project sponsor and look for support
Update the issue log and identify the possible cause of the error.
Review the reject submission and begin working on the resubmission.
Add another layer of review for future projects to avoid similar problems.
Inform the project sponsor and look for supportCorrect answerUpdate the issue log and identify the possible cause of the error.Review the reject submission and begin working on the resubmission.Add another layer of review for future projects to avoid similar problems.Overall explanationResubmission of the design will require an additional two weeks this is an issue and the project manager should FIRST Update the issue log and identify the possible cause of the error.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 89:
As a project manager, in which document will you find information about Project Scope Description, Project Deliverables, and Project Exclusions?
Project charter
Change log
Scope baseline
Stakeholder register
Project charterChange logCorrect answerScope baselineStakeholder registerOverall explanationProject scope description, Project deliverables and Project exclusions included in scope statement which a part of scope baseline[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 161]DomainProject Scope Management
Question 90:
You are a project manager in a big construction project. The project sponsor told you that the project would be terminated. You already signed a contract with a supplier, and the supplier started supplying materials. As a project manager, what is the first thing you should do?
Follow the procedures of close procurement.
Ask the vendor to stop supplying.
Negotiating with vendor
Review the contract terms
Follow the procedures of close procurement.Correct answerAsk the vendor to stop supplying.Negotiating with vendorReview the contract termsOverall explanationThe first step you should ask the vendor to stop supplying then you should follow the procedures of close procurement.DomainProject Procurement Management
Question 91:
A project manager has two projects of equal strategic organizational importance. However, due to budget constraints, one only can be chosen. There are uncertainties and risks associated with both projects. What tool or technique should the project manager use to decide which project to choose?
Influence diagram.
Simulations
Decision tree analysis.
Sensitivity analysis.
Influence diagram.SimulationsCorrect answerDecision tree analysis.Sensitivity analysis.Overall explanationKeyword ( two projects -There are uncertainties- which project to choose ) Decision trees analysis are used to support selection of the best of several alternative courses of action. Alternative paths through the project are shown in the decision tree using branches representing different decisions or events, each of which can have associated costs and related individual project risks (including both threats and opportunities). The end-points of branches in the decision tree represent the outcome from following that particular path, which can be negative or positive. The decision tree is evaluated by calculating the expected monetary value of each branch, allowing the optimal path to be selected. PMBOK 6th edition page, 435DomainProject Risk Management
Question 92:
A risk that is not listed in the risk register occurred. What will the project manager do to obtain funding to respond to this risk?
Estimate the cost of the action and take it from the approved cost baseline
Estimate the cost of the action and take it from the management reserve which is part of the project budget
Estimate the cost of the action and take it from the Contingency reserve which is part of the time phased budget
Estimate the cost of the action, take it from the approved cost baseline but reduce this amount from the baseline
Estimate the cost of the action and take it from the approved cost baselineCorrect answerEstimate the cost of the action and take it from the management reserve which is part of the project budgetEstimate the cost of the action and take it from the Contingency reserve which is part of the time phased budgetEstimate the cost of the action, take it from the approved cost baseline but reduce this amount from the baselineOverall explanationAs this is an unplanned risk, the funding should be provided by the management reserve which is part of the project budget and not the cost baseline.DomainProject Risk Management
Question 93:
The PMO requested the project manager to start calculating the cost contingency reserve for the project activities. As a project manager, how should you calculate contingency reserves?
Earned value analysis
Trend analysis
What-if scenario analysis
Percentage of the estimated cost
Earned value analysisTrend analysisWhat-if scenario analysisCorrect answerPercentage of the estimated costOverall explanationThe contingency reserve may be a percentage of the estimated cost, a fixed number, or maybe developed by using quantitative analysis methods such as Monte Carlo Analysis, Decision Tree Analysis and EMV (Expected Monetary Value).. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 427]DomainProject Cost Management
Question 94:
Jack is the project manager of a project that is halfway through its execution. The project sponsor wants to add a new feature that wasn’t defined during the initial requirement gathering phase. 15,000 USD will be required to add this feature. What should Jack do?
The Project manager should Use 15,000 USD of contingency reserves.
Issue a change request to increase the cost budget by 15,000 USD
The Project manager should inform the sponsor that this change cant be implemented due to cost implication.
Seek approval from management to increase the project budget by 15,000 USD
The Project manager should Use 15,000 USD of contingency reserves.Correct answerIssue a change request to increase the cost budget by 15,000 USDThe Project manager should inform the sponsor that this change cant be implemented due to cost implication. Seek approval from management to increase the project budget by 15,000 USDOverall explanationThe new feature will require 15,000 USD to be added, so the baseline will be affected due to this change. So the project manager should Issue a change request to increase the cost budget by 15,000 USD.DomainProject Cost Management
Question 95:
A Stakeholder has become supportive after he was resistant. As a project manager, what should you do next?
Update Risk Register
Update Issue log
Update Stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
Update Communications Management plan
Update Risk RegisterUpdate Issue logCorrect answerUpdate Stakeholder engagement assessment matrixUpdate Communications Management planOverall explanationA stakeholder engagement assessment matrix supports the comparison between the current engagement levels of stakeholders and the desired engagement levels required for successful project delivery. So when Stakeholder has become supportive after he was resistive, you should update the matrix [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 521]DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 96:
A client approached a design team member requesting to stop an ongoing task to develop a new concept. The new concept will significantly change the design and impact the project budget and schedule. The team member asked the project manager for the next course of action. What should the project manager do?
Refer to the perform integrated change control process.
Accept the request and make the changes.
Hold a team meeting to discuss the request.
Ask the client to refrain from directly contacting team members.
Correct answerRefer to the perform integrated change control process.Accept the request and make the changes.Hold a team meeting to discuss the request.Ask the client to refrain from directly contacting team members.Overall explanationSince the new concept be developed will significantly change the design, and impact the project budget and schedule, the project manager should Refer to the perform integrated change control process to manage this change.DomainProject Integration Management
Question 97:
Which of the following techniques is used to create and connect people to information, and is effective for sharing simple, unambiguous, and codified explicit knowledge?
Multi criteria decision analysis
Focus groups
Information Management
Benchmarking
Multi criteria decision analysisFocus groupsCorrect answerInformation ManagementBenchmarkingOverall explanationInformation management tools and techniques are used to create and connect people to information. They are effective for sharing simple, unambiguous, codified explicit knowledge. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 103]DomainProject Integration Management
Question 98:
For a project, Earned value = 40,000, Actual Cost = 50,000, and BAC = 200,000. What is the Estimate to Complete (ETC) for the project if the work is performed at the budgeted rate?
200,000
160,000
210,000
250,000
200,000Correct answer160,000210,000250,000Overall explanationThe calculation used for EAC is EAC = AC + BAC - EV = 50,000 + 200,000 - 40,000 = $210,000. Since ETC = EAC - AC = 210,000 - 50,000 = $160,000. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 267.DomainProject Cost Management
Question 99:
During an audit, it was noted that only 20 percent of completed projects had documented the lessons learned. The project managers were requested to update their completed project’s lessons learned register immediately. Where the lessons learned should be updated?
Quality process Assets.
Organizational process Assets
Stakeholder responsibility matrix.
Change control documentation.
Quality process Assets.Correct answerOrganizational process AssetsStakeholder responsibility matrix.Change control documentation.Overall explanationThe lessons learned is updated in the Organizational process Assets .DomainProject Integration Management
Question 100:
You are managing a software project. You want to determine who might participate in identifying risks to the project and who will act as risk owners. Which of the following documents should you review?
RACI chart
Risk breakdown structure (RBS)
Stakeholder engagement plan
Stakeholder register
RACI chartRisk breakdown structure (RBS)Stakeholder engagement planCorrect answerStakeholder registerOverall explanationThe project team is performing the Identify Risks Process. One input to this process is the stakeholder register. The stakeholder register indicates which individuals or groups might participate in identifying risks to the project. It also details those individuals who are available to act as risk owners. PMBOK 6th edition, Page 413.DomainProject Stakeholder Management
Question 1:
A stakeholder who was incorrectly classified as a supporter is now reluctant, and the project manager becomes worried. What should the project manager do more carefully in future projects?
Conduct a meeting with senior management
Develop interpersonal skills to manage stakeholder expectations
Identify stakeholders.
Create the stakeholders’ engagement assessment matrix
Conduct a meeting with senior managementDevelop interpersonal skills to manage stakeholder expectationsIdentify stakeholders.Correct answerCreate the stakeholders’ engagement assessment matrixOverall explanationA stakeholder engagement assessment matrix supports the comparison between the current engagement levels of stakeholders and the desired engagement levels required for successful project delivery. The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix, shown in Figure 13-6, displays gaps between current and desired engagement levels of individual stakeholders. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 521.
Question 2:
You have been assigned as the project manager for a project that is expected to last five months. The project has a budget of $450,000 and should be implemented in three different departments in your organization. After two months, you review the project’s status and discover that it is 35 percent completed. Which of the following statements is true about your project?
Your project is ahead of schedule
You cannot determine if your project is behind or ahead of schedule from the information given.
Your project is on schedule
Your project is behind schedule
Your project is ahead of scheduleYou cannot determine if your project is behind or ahead of schedule from the information given.Your project is on scheduleCorrect answerYour project is behind scheduleOverall explanationThe project is five months long, so you are scheduled to complete 20 percent of the work every month. We know PV = BAC * planned completion percentage. After two months, the planned value (PV) should be $450,00040%= $180,000. We know EV=BACactual completion percentage, after two months, you completed 35% of the work, so the earned value (EV) is $450,000*35%=$157,500. So SPI=EV/PV=157,000/180,000=0.875
Question 3:
You are managing a top-secret government project that has been progressing as planned. Suddenly, one of your team members informed you that the project had encountered an unexpected major problem that was not included in the risk register. What should be your first course of action?
Update the risk management plan
Create a fallback plan
Take corrective and preventive actions
Create a workaround
Update the risk management planCreate a fallback planTake corrective and preventive actionsCorrect answerCreate a workaroundOverall explanationSince the problem has occurred, the first thing you should do as a project manager is to address the risk by creating a workaround. Once the issue is addressed, you may need to reevaluate your risk identification process, look for unexpected effects of the problem, inform management, update the risk management plan, create a fallback plan, and take corrective and preventative actions.
Question 4:
You are the Project Manager of a large and complex project. Your project team has finished creating a work breakdown structure for the project. However, some of the team members are still not sure of the kind of work included in each of their work packages. Which of the following documents would you suggest they go through?
The Product Scope document
Project Management Plan
Work Break Structure (WBS) Dictionary
Project scope statement
The Product Scope documentProject Management PlanCorrect answerWork Break Structure (WBS) DictionaryProject scope statementOverall explanationA Work Break Structure (WBS) Dictionary accompanies a Work Breakdown Structure and provides a description of the work to be done for each WBS package. It provides more detailed descriptions of the WBS components, such as work descriptions, schedule milestones, schedule activities, resources required, cost estimates, quality requirements, acceptance criteria, etc.
Question 5:
When in the project’s life cycle, is the cost highest?
During planning
Midway through the project
During closure
At the initiating phase
During planningCorrect answerMidway through the projectDuring closureAt the initiating phaseOverall explanationProject cost peaks in the middle of the project as maximum resources are utilized during this phase. The project’s cost is low at the beginning, peaks midway, and drops rapidly as the project draws to an end. Initiating, planning, and closing are not part of the project life cycle and are process groups.
Question 6:
You are monitoring the status of a project to update the project progress and manage changes to the schedule baseline. You have some resources assigned to more than one activity simultaneously, making them over-allocated during those days. You want to reduce this overallocation and keep resource usage at a constant level. What technique should you use to achieve this goal?
Resource Compression
Resource DeAllocation
Schedule Compression
Resource Leveling
Resource CompressionResource DeAllocationSchedule CompressionCorrect answerResource LevelingOverall explanationResource leveling is used to reduce overallocation and to keep resource usage at a constant level. This technique can be used in both the “Develop Schedule” process and the “Control Schedule” process.
Question 7:
You identified a risk in your project that is difficult for you to manage. Therefore, you gave the responsibility of managing this risk to an outside source. What kind of risk response strategy is this?
Accept
Transfer
Exploit
Avoid
AcceptCorrect answerTransferExploitAvoidOverall explanationIn a transfer risk response strategy, you transfer the ownership of risk to a third party. Now it is their responsibility to manage the risk once it happens. Insurance is an example of a risk transfer strategy. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 443.
Question 8:
Your organization commits to providing certain resources during the discussions with the customer buyer, although resource planning has not been initiated as the contracting process has just begun. What is this known as?
External hire
Pre-assignment
Virtual team assignment
Confirmed team assignment
External hireCorrect answerPre-assignmentVirtual team assignmentConfirmed team assignmentOverall explanationPre-assignment is the early assignment of resources to a project, usually used in competitive bidding and in special expertise projects. When physical or team resources for a project are determined in advance, they are considered pre-assigned. This situation can occur if the project is the result of specific resources being identified as part of a competitive proposal or if the project is dependent upon the expertise of particular people. Pre-assignment might also include the team members who have already been assigned in Develop Project Charter Process or other processes before the initial Resource Management Plan has been completed. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 333.
Question 9:
You are the project manager of a highly visible and critical project in your company. Your project sponsor has a great deal of authority regarding project decisions, but you recently discovered that he doesn’t have much interest in your project. To complete the project successfully, you need your project sponsor’s continuous support. What stakeholder management strategy should you use with your project sponsor?
Monitor the sponsor’s actions
Keep the sponsor satisfied
Manage the sponsor closely
Keep the sponsor informed
Monitor the sponsor’s actionsCorrect answerKeep the sponsor satisfiedManage the sponsor closelyKeep the sponsor informedOverall explanationA power/interest grid is a classification model used for stakeholder analysis and management that groups the stakeholders based on their level of authority (power) and their level of concern (interest) regarding project outcomes. The classification and recommended management strategies are as follows: Low-power/low-interest: monitor only. Low-power/high-interest: keep informed. High-power/low-interest: keep satisfied. High-power/high-interest: manage closely. Based on this scenario, the sponsor can be classified as high-power and low-interest. Therefore, the correct answer is to keep the sponsor satisfied.
Question 10:
Quality reports are generated in which process?
Plan Quality Management
Manage Quality
Validate Scope
Control Quality
Plan Quality ManagementCorrect answerManage QualityValidate ScopeControl QualityOverall explanationQuality reports summarize quality issues, recommendations, corrective actions, and quality control findings.
Question 11:
The project team inspected a random sample of their products. The resulting control chart showed that any process variance was within acceptable limits. The project team, in this way, verified their deliverables. Which of the following processes would take these verified deliverables as an input and generate accepted deliverables as an output?
Collect Requirements
Validate Scope
Control Scope
Control Quality
Collect RequirementsCorrect answerValidate ScopeControl ScopeControl QualityOverall explanationValidate Scope is the process where the customer or sponsor reviews verified deliverables (from the Control Quality process). If the deliverables are found to be satisfactory, the customer or sponsor formally accepts them. In this way, the Validate Scope process has accepted deliverables as an output.
Question 12:
You are the project manager for an infrastructure development project. An unidentified stakeholder is not happy with your project’s performance. He has asked for some updates to be performed on the project. As a project manager, what should you do next?
Analyze the impact of the request on the project
Implement the change
Issue a change request to change control board (CCB)
Update stakeholder register
Analyze the impact of the request on the projectImplement the changeIssue a change request to change control board (CCB)Correct answerUpdate stakeholder registerOverall explanationKeyword (Unidentified stakeholder). You should first update the stakeholder register, to identify the stakeholder then proceed further with the other processes.
Question 13:
You are a project manager, managing a project for the company. A company’s financial year-end is approaching. A seller delivers most of a project’s deliverables, but a few defects require correction before the contracted payment can be made. What should the project manager do?
Pay to the seller with a formal written commitment to complete the work
Claim penalties for the value of the outstanding payment.
Arrange an extended financial project close until contract closure is completed
Terminate seller contract
Correct answerPay to the seller with a formal written commitment to complete the workClaim penalties for the value of the outstanding payment.Arrange an extended financial project close until contract closure is completedTerminate seller contractOverall explanationA company’s financial year-end is approaching, so the project manager should pay the seller with a formal written commitment to complete the work.
Question 14:
Which of the following information sources is used during the Control Scope process as a comparison to actual results to determine if a change, corrective action, or preventive action is necessary to be implemented?
Requirements Documentation
Requirements Traceability Matrix
Scope Baseline
Work Performance Data
Requirements DocumentationRequirements Traceability MatrixCorrect answerScope BaselineWork Performance DataOverall explanationThe Scope Baseline represents the planned results of the project in terms of scope and is compared to actual results to determine if a change, corrective action, or preventive action is necessary to be implemented. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 169.
Question 15:
In your systems development project, you noted during a review that the system had less functionality than planned at the critical design review. For example, too many defects were identified. This finding suggests that during the “Monitor Risks” process you should use one of the following tools and techniques:
Risk Audit
Reserve analysis
Risk reassessment
Technical performance analysis
Risk AuditReserve analysisRisk reassessmentCorrect answerTechnical performance analysisOverall explanationTechnical performance analysis is a data analysis tool and technique in “Monitor Risks”. Its purpose is to compare technical performance to the schedule of technical achievement. It requires the definition of objective, quantifiable measures of technical performance to help compare actual results against targets. Examples of these measures are weight, transaction times, number of delivered defects, or storage capacity. The deviation can help indicate the possible impact of threats or opportunities. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 456.
Question 16:
In the closing phase, you noticed that your project team members documented only the reasons for success as lessons learned. What should you do next?
Escalate the problem to the PMO manager
Nothing to do
Meet the project team members and direct them to document both success and failures
The project team is right
Escalate the problem to the PMO managerNothing to doCorrect answerMeet the project team members and direct them to document both success and failuresThe project team is rightOverall explanationAt the end of your project, the project team should document both the success and failure reasons as lessons learned to be used in future projects.
Question 17:
A project manager is currently in the process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements. Due to the sensitive nature of the project, there is a concern that some stakeholders will not provide candid feedback unless confidentiality is maintained. What is the project manager’s best course of action?
Hold a focus group to learn about stakeholder expectations and attitudes about the project
Conduct interviews to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly
Use multicriteria decision analysis to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria
Use brainstorming to generate and collect multiple ideas related to project requirements
Hold a focus group to learn about stakeholder expectations and attitudes about the projectCorrect answerConduct interviews to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directlyUse multicriteria decision analysis to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteriaUse brainstorming to generate and collect multiple ideas related to project requirementsOverall explanationThe question suggests that the project manager is performing the collect requirements process, which is the process of determining, documenting, and managing stakeholder needs and requirements to meet project objectives. In support of this process, the project manager will need to employ data gathering techniques to elicit feedback from the stakeholders to determine their needs and requirements. The question suggests that the project manager needs to use a data-gathering technique where the responses will remain confidential. An interview is a formal or informal approach to eliciting information from stakeholders by talking to them directly. Of the available choices, conducting interviews is the best tool for the project manager to use to obtain confidential information. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 142.
Question 18:
During the collection of stakeholder requirements, a disagreement between two key stakeholders delayed the sponsor’s approval of the project charter. What should the project manager do?
Conduct a benefits analysis with relevant stakeholders.
Escalate the issue to the project sponsor.
Remove all conflicting requirements.
Use conflict resolution techniques.
Conduct a benefits analysis with relevant stakeholders.Escalate the issue to the project sponsor.Remove all conflicting requirements.Correct answerUse conflict resolution techniques.Overall explanationConflict management can be used to help bring stakeholders into alignment on the objectives, success criteria, high-level requirements, project description, summary milestones, and other elements of the charter. So the project manager should use conflict resolution techniques to handle the situation and get the approval of the project charter from the sponsor. Remember that conflict management is a tool and technique in developing the project charter process. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 80.
Question 19:
A change request by a key stakeholder has been rejected by the change control board. What is the next action the project manager needs to take?
Document the result of the change request in the change log.
Tell the stakeholder better luck next time.
Ask the change control board for the reason why the change was rejected.
Advise the change control board to document the approval process before the next meeting.
Correct answerDocument the result of the change request in the change log.Tell the stakeholder better luck next time.Ask the change control board for the reason why the change was rejected.Advise the change control board to document the approval process before the next meeting.Overall explanationThe project manager needs to document the result of the change request. This way, if the issue comes up again, there is already documentation on the request and why it was rejected. The change log is used as a comprehensive list of all changes submitted during the project and lists their current status.
Question 20:
What is servant leadership about?
It is about the practice of leading through service to the team.
It is about empowering followers through idealized attributes and behaviors.
It is about the project team promoting an agile mindset.
It is about the project manager being able to inspire and be enthusiastic.
Correct answerIt is about the practice of leading through service to the team.It is about empowering followers through idealized attributes and behaviors.It is about the project team promoting an agile mindset.It is about the project manager being able to inspire and be enthusiastic.Overall explanationEmpowering followers through idealized attributes and behaviors is focused on empowering followers through idealized attributes and behaviors. On the other hand, a charismatic leadership position is about being able to inspire, being high-energy, enthusiastic, and self-confident, and holding strong convictions. Agile approaches emphasize servant leadership as a way to empower teams. Servant leadership is the practice of leading through service to the team by focusing on understanding and addressing the needs and development of team members in order to enable the highest possible team performance. The role of a servant leader is to facilitate the team’s discovery and definition of agile. Servant leaders practice and radiate agility. Agile Practice Guide, Page 33.
Question 21:
You are a new project manager who has recently been assigned to the executing phase of a project. You discovered that there was no RAM for the project. Which document do you refer to find who is responsible for implementing a certain work package?
Stakeholder Register
Resource Calender
WBS Dictionary
WBS
Stakeholder RegisterResource CalenderCorrect answerWBS DictionaryWBSOverall explanationThe WBS dictionary is a document that provides detailed deliverable, activity, and scheduling information about each component in the WBS. The WBS dictionary is a document that supports the WBS. Most of the information included in the WBS dictionary is created by other processes and added to this document at a later stage. Information in the WBS dictionary may include but is not limited to: code of account identifier, work description, assumptions and constraints, responsible organization or individual who is responsible for implementing the work package. schedule milestones, WBS associated schedule activities, resources required, cost estimates, quality requirements, acceptance criteria, technical references, and agreement information. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 162.
Question 22:
The project is nearing completion when a previously unidentified risk is discovered. As a project manager, what should you do next?
Update the Risk Register
Update the Risk response Plan
Update the Issue log
Update the Risk Management Plan
Correct answerUpdate the Risk RegisterUpdate the Risk response PlanUpdate the Issue logUpdate the Risk Management PlanOverall explanationSince the unidentified risk was discovered (not occured) during the project, the first step is to update the Risk Register.
Question 23:
What is the correct sequence for these tools and techniques used in Project Schedule Management?
Decomposition, Alternatives analysis, Variance analysis, and Three-point estimates
Decomposition work packages into activities, Three-Point Estimates, and Schedule Task
Variance analysis, Three-point estimates, Dependency determination, and Decomposition
Dependency determination, Decomposition, Bottom-up estimating, and Resource leveling
Decomposition, Alternatives analysis, Variance analysis, and Three-point estimatesCorrect answerDecomposition work packages into activities, Three-Point Estimates, and Schedule TaskVariance analysis, Three-point estimates, Dependency determination, and DecompositionDependency determination, Decomposition, Bottom-up estimating, and Resource levelingOverall explanationDecomposition work packages into activities = Define activity & Three-point estimates= estimate activity Duration & schedule task = Develop schedule.
Question 24:
During a project meeting with the customer, the performing organization mentioned that the customer’s predefined budget allocation must be addressed. Where did the project manager find this information?
Project assumptions.
Project exclusion.
Project constraints.
Project deliverables.
Project assumptions.Project exclusion.Correct answerProject constraints.Project deliverables.Overall explanationKeyword (predefined budget) The predefined budget allocation by the customer that needs to be addressed is an example of project constraints.
Question 25:
What is the most essential practice in agile to help the team learn from previous work on the product and its process?
Iteration
Typing
Rebasing
Retrospective
IterationTypingRebasingCorrect answerRetrospectiveOverall explanationThe single most important practice is the retrospective, because it allows the team to learn about, improve, and adapt its process. Retrospectives help the team learn from its previous work on the product and its process. One of the principles behind the Agile Manifesto is that “At regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly.” Agile Practice Guide, Page 50.
Question 26:
During a risk review meeting, the team identified a risk. The project manager was unable to determine a way to manage the risk internally because it was in the domain of another project team. What should the project manager do?
Transfer the risk to another team
Accept the risk
Mitigate the risk
Escalate the risk to senior management
Transfer the risk to another teamAccept the riskMitigate the riskCorrect answerEscalate the risk to senior managementOverall explanationKeyword (The risk is in the domain of another project team). Escalation is appropriate when the project team or the project sponsor agrees that a threat is outside the scope of the project or that the proposed response would exceed the project manager’s authority. Escalated risks are managed at the program level, portfolio level, or another relevant part of the organization and not at the project level. The project manager determines who should be notified about the threat and communicates the details to that person or part of the organization. It is important that ownership of escalated threats is accepted by the relevant party in the organization. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 442.
Question 27:
Which of the following techniques helps project managers assess team members’ preferences, aspirations, how they make decisions, and how they interact with people and can provide improved understanding, trust, commitment, and communication among team members?
Project management information system
Conflict Management
Recognizing and Rewarding
Individual and team assessment
Project management information systemConflict ManagementRecognizing and RewardingCorrect answerIndividual and team assessmentOverall explanationIndividual, and team assessment tools help project managers assess team members’ preferences, aspirations, how they process and organize information, how they make decisions, and how they interact with people. Various tools are available, such as attitudinal surveys, specific assessments, structured interviews, ability tests, and focus groups. These tools can provide improved understanding, trust, commitment, and communication among team members and can facilitate more productive teams throughout the project. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 342.
Question 28:
During the implementation phase, you want to compare the baseline to the actual results and determine if the variance is within the threshold amount or if corrective or preventive action is appropriate. Which of the following techniques can help you?
Trend analysis
Variance Analysis
Decomposition
Control chart
Trend analysisCorrect answerVariance AnalysisDecompositionControl chartOverall explanationVariance analysis is used to compare the baseline to the actual results and determine if the variance is within the threshold amount or if corrective or preventive action is appropriate. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 170.
Question 29:
A project manager must evaluate and simulate the impact of a list of risks for the project duration. What should the project manager do?
Prepare a contingency and fallback plan
Perform a schedule network analysis
Conduct a what-if scenario analysis
Perform an expected monetary value (EMV) Analysis
Prepare a contingency and fallback planPerform a schedule network analysisCorrect answerConduct a what-if scenario analysisPerform an expected monetary value (EMV) AnalysisOverall explanationKeyword (evaluate and simulate). What-if scenario analysis is the process of evaluating scenarios in order to predict their effect, positive or negative, on project objectives. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 213.
Question 30:
Which of the following techniques are used to create and connect people to information and are effective for sharing simple, unambiguous, codified explicit knowledge?
Benchmarking
Multi-criteria decision analysis
Information Management
Focus groups
BenchmarkingMulti-criteria decision analysisCorrect answerInformation ManagementFocus groupsOverall explanationInformation management tools and techniques are used to create and connect people to information. They are effective for sharing simple, unambiguous, codified, explicit knowledge. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 103.
Question 31:
You have asked your delegate to create an assumptions log draft, which you wish to finalize, and then create the lessons learned register. When were these documents created?
Both are created when developing the project charter
These are created while developing the project charter and managing project knowledge respectively
Both are created when executing the work that is in the Direct and Manage Work process
The assumptions log is created while developing the project charter and the lessons learned register in the Monitor and Control Project Work
Both are created when developing the project charterCorrect answerThese are created while developing the project charter and managing project knowledge respectivelyBoth are created when executing the work that is in the Direct and Manage Work processThe assumptions log is created while developing the project charter and the lessons learned register in the Monitor and Control Project WorkOverall explanationThe assumptions log is created at the time of project charter creation, and the lessons learned register when managing project knowledge.
Question 32:
During the execution of the project, you had to manage a change request where the sponsor was off the board. You evaluated the impact of the change on the other constraints of the project, then you got the change request approved by the CCB. What is the next step the project manager should take?
Implement the change.
Update Project management plan.
Ask the sponsor for authorization.
Review the approved change with the team.
Implement the change.Update Project management plan.Correct answerAsk the sponsor for authorization.Review the approved change with the team.Overall explanationIt is a tricky question. Customer or sponsor approval may be required for certain change requests after CCB approval unless they are part of the CCB. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 115.
Question 33:
Your team has created a project-related blog site that allows non-project readers to comment on articles written by project staff. Which method of communication is being used in this scenario?
Small Communication
Pull Communication
Interactive Communication
Push Communication
Small CommunicationPull CommunicationInteractive CommunicationCorrect answerPush CommunicationOverall explanationA blog is a push method of communication where the writer expresses himself/herself irrespective of whether the reader has asked for or is interested in it or not. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 374.
Question 34:
Henry has been managing a library construction project. Some key stakeholders have recently asked for changes, and an initial quick and cursory analysis shows that the changes will add more cost to the project. What should be his next step?
Communicate the change to management to get their input
Implement the change request and communicate to the customer
Estimate the impact of the change on schedule, cost, and quality
Get approval from Change Control Board
Communicate the change to management to get their inputImplement the change request and communicate to the customerCorrect answerEstimate the impact of the change on schedule, cost, and qualityGet approval from Change Control BoardOverall explanationThe first step in processing any change request is to fully analyze and understand its impact on the project. Since Henry has only done an “initial and quick” analysis, he has to do a more in-depth analysis. For example, an assessment of priority level and an impact assessment (e.g., estimated impact on the budget, work effort, and schedule) are often included in a change request so that the Change Control Board (CCB) can make a more informed decision. It is then possible to get further input from others when putting together the change request. Once completed, the change request is submitted to the CCB for approval, and only then is the change implemented and communicated with the customer.
Question 35:
Internal restructuring by the customer has resulted in the replacement of some key stakeholders. What should the project manager do first?
Hold another kick-off meeting with the new stakeholders to re-establish the project baseline.
Review and update the stakeholder engagement plan.
Distribute a summary of the project’s current status to the new stakeholders.
Review and execute the communication management plan.
Hold another kick-off meeting with the new stakeholders to re-establish the project baseline.Correct answerReview and update the stakeholder engagement plan.Distribute a summary of the project’s current status to the new stakeholders.Review and execute the communication management plan.Overall explanationAs a result of the replacement of some key stakeholders, the project manager should review and update the stakeholder engagement plan. The stakeholder engagement plan is updated regularly to reflect changes in the stakeholder community. Typical trigger situations requiring updates to the plan include: when there are changes to the organization structure or within the industry, and when new individuals or groups become stakeholders, current stakeholders are no longer part of the stakeholder community, or the importance of particular stakeholders to the project’s success changes. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 518.
Question 36:
A portfolio manager informed the project manager that their project was terminated. The project manager wants to inform the stakeholders and team members about this. To what document should the project manager refer?
Resources Management Plan
Communication management plan
Change Management Plan
Responsibility assignments matrix (RAM)
Resources Management PlanCorrect answerCommunication management planChange Management PlanResponsibility assignments matrix (RAM)Overall explanationKeyword (inform). The project manager should refer to the communication management plan to inform the stakeholders and team members about the termination decision. Because the communication management plan specifies who, when, and why the information should be sent.
Question 37:
During project cost discussions, there were various opinions regarding which process creates cost forecasts. Some are of the opinion that this happens in “Estimate Costs” and some in “Determine Budget”. What is your opinion?
Estimate costs
Control Costs
Create cost baseline
Determine budget
Estimate costsCorrect answerControl CostsCreate cost baselineDetermine budgetOverall explanationCost forecasts are developed in the Control Costs process.
Question 38:
You are working on a project as a project manager. Your vendor selection process took more than the anticipated amount of time. However, now that everything is completed, and the vendor is on board, a few weeks later, the vendor notified you that his resources had left and that he lacked the necessary team to complete the project. What should you do next?
Cancel the contract and select the second-best vendor
Tell the vendor to continue the work until they find a replacement
Tell the vendor to analyze the impact of this on the project
Make a decision as per the contract
Cancel the contract and select the second-best vendorTell the vendor to continue the work until they find a replacementTell the vendor to analyze the impact of this on the projectCorrect answerMake a decision as per the contractOverall explanationIt is always better to make the decision as per the contract because it includes the general terms and conditions, termination clause and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, and subordinate subcontractor approvals. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 489.
Question 39:
After identifying the stakeholders, you performed stakeholder analysis and started to compare it with stakeholder analysis done in other projects and also by other organizations. What is this called?
Comparative stakeholder analysis
Monitoring stakeholder engagements
Expert judgment
Benchmarking
Comparative stakeholder analysisMonitoring stakeholder engagementsExpert judgmentCorrect answerBenchmarkingOverall explanationIn benchmarking, the comparison is made with best-in-class approaches within and outside the organization. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 520.
Question 40:
Tom is a project manager who is assigned to a foreign country to manage a project. The project is a large one and comprises smaller sub-teams contributing to the entire project. As part of rewards and recognition within the project, Tom plans a team award for the best sub-team. Recognition and rewards are associated with which of the following processes?
Manage Team
Close Project or Phase
Control Quality
Develop Team
Manage TeamClose Project or PhaseControl QualityCorrect answerDevelop TeamOverall explanationRecognition and Rewards is a tool of the Develop Team process. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 341.
Question 41:
A seller has performed all the work as per the contract, but the buyer stated that the seller’s performance is not within the allowed range of values for one of the buyer’s internal metrics. The buyer decided to deduct part of the payment to the seller. As per the contract, what is the buyer allowed to do?
The buyer must pay the seller for the work performed
The seller should complete the work again to meet the buyer’s internal metric value range
The buyer should go to the court else the seller may sue them for non-payment
The buyer is allowed to deduct a small sum from the payment to the seller due to non-compliance with the buyer’s internal metric value range
Correct answerThe buyer must pay the seller for the work performedThe seller should complete the work again to meet the buyer’s internal metric value rangeThe buyer should go to the court else the seller may sue them for non-paymentThe buyer is allowed to deduct a small sum from the payment to the seller due to non-compliance with the buyer’s internal metric value rangeOverall explanationThe buyer must pay the seller as work has been performed as per the contract. Any internal metrics not appearing in the contract cannot be used for justifying non-payment reasons. It is too early to go to court.
Question 42:
A project is six months into its nine-month projected duration, and the project manager is reporting that the project is at least three months behind schedule because certain key stakeholders were resistant to any changes that might occur as an outcome of the project. What might have been done differently during project planning to have avoided this situation?
Establishment of a more robust communications management plan
Development of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
Better execution of the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process
Creation of a comprehensive stakeholder register
Establishment of a more robust communications management planCorrect answerDevelopment of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrixBetter execution of the Manage Stakeholder Engagement processCreation of a comprehensive stakeholder registerOverall explanationThe scenario describes a situation where the resistance of certain key stakeholders has caused the project to run behind schedule and asks what might have been done differently during project planning. Two of the answer choices represent activities that are not associated with the Planning Process Group, and, as a result, those responses can be eliminated. Both of the remaining answer choices represent plausible actions that may have led to better stakeholder engagement. The actual PMP exam may present questions with more than one correct answer, and you must select the ‘best’ answer among the potentially correct options. In this case, the development of the stakeholder engagement assessment matrix directly addresses the issue described in the question. The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is used as a tool during the “Plan Stakeholder Engagement” process and identifies key stakeholders along with their current and desired engagement levels. Classifications for stakeholder engagement may include: unaware, resistant, neutral, supportive, and leading. In this scenario, certain key stakeholders were resistant to the project, which caused the project to run behind schedule. A stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is the best tool for identifying resistant stakeholders with enough influence to undermine a project. In this case, identifying the current and desired engagement levels of the key stakeholders might have allowed the project manager to take action to address the undesirable engagement levels and prevent the stakeholder’s resistance from negatively impacting the project’s performance. Therefore, of the available options, the development of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is the best answer to the question asked.
Question 43:
The critical activities of the project have been estimated for their durations, but the risks associated with them have not been factored in yet. The risks listed in the risk register are then reviewed and additional durations are factored in for activities that could be prone to those risks. What type of reserve has been applied?
Contingency reserve
Estimation budget
Alternative reserve
Management reserve
Correct answerContingency reserveEstimation budgetAlternative reserveManagement reserveOverall explanationAdditional duration factored in due to possible risks is known as contingency reserves. These may be applied to cost estimates also. The management reserve is for unknown risks. The terms alternative reserve and estimation bucket are not valid.
Question 44:
A project manager is discussing with the project management office the implementation of risk audits in the project. What should be the purpose of a risk audit?
A risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the risk management response strategy
A risk audit gives the opportunity to verify the completeness of the risk register and risk report
A risk audit gives the opportunity to validate the existence of a risk management plan
A risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the entire risk management process
A risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the risk management response strategyA risk audit gives the opportunity to verify the completeness of the risk register and risk reportA risk audit gives the opportunity to validate the existence of a risk management planCorrect answerA risk audit gives the opportunity to consider the effectiveness of the entire risk management processOverall explanationRisk audits are a type of audit that may be used to consider the effectiveness of the risk management process. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that risk audits are performed at an appropriate frequency, as defined in the project’s risk management plan. Risk audits may be included during routine project review meetings or may form part of a risk review meeting, or the team may choose to hold separate risk audit meetings. The format for the risk audit and its objectives should be clearly defined before the audit is conducted. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 456.
Question 45:
After several iterations, your team has unclear work assignments. How would you tackle this problem?
Consider Kanban boards to see the flow of work.
A servant leader can help in this situation.
Help sponsors and stakeholders craft a product vision.
Consider the technical practices that work for the environment.
Correct answerConsider Kanban boards to see the flow of work.A servant leader can help in this situation.Help sponsors and stakeholders craft a product vision.Consider the technical practices that work for the environment.Overall explanationA servant leader can help clear the obstacles when they struggle with obstacles. In that situation, they could consider a coach. When there are unclear work assignments, you would need to help the team learn to self-manage their work. Consider Kanban boards to see the flow of work. Consider a daily standup to walk the board and see what work is there. Agile Practice Guide, Page 58.
Question 46:
You are responsible for the complete makeover of a shopping mall, which involves civil work and painting. After going through the details, you came up with the cost estimates that have been approved to arrive at the cost baseline. Work is now in progress, and you and senior management are happy with the work. Suddenly, you realized the ceiling repair work was not factored in the estimates, though it was part of the scope. You decided to make use of the contingency reserves, but your senior manager advised you to make use of the management reserve. What is the correct action?
Escalate the issue to the project sponsor
Making use of Contingency Reserve
Making use of Management Reserve
Making use of both the Management Reserve and the Contingency Reserve
Escalate the issue to the project sponsorMaking use of Contingency ReserveCorrect answerMaking use of Management ReserveMaking use of both the Management Reserve and the Contingency ReserveOverall explanationThe management reserve is meant for unknown unknowns and is part of the scope of the project. The question clearly states that the work is in scope. Contingency reserves are for known unknowns, which is not the case here. The correct answer is “management reserve.”
Question 47:
Your company won a new project in a country where it is the first time doing a project. You got information that a few companies are running similar projects in this country, but the government is not satisfied with their quality. As a project manager, what should you do before starting your project?
Follow your company’s Enterprise Environmental factors.
Hold a meeting with one project manager from the mentioned companies to know what the problem with the quality is.
Put a management quality plan together with your team.
Hold a meeting with a governmental representative to get more information about the required quality
Follow your company’s Enterprise Environmental factors.Hold a meeting with one project manager from the mentioned companies to know what the problem with the quality is.Put a management quality plan together with your team.Correct answerHold a meeting with a governmental representative to get more information about the required qualityOverall explanationBecause the project is external, you should follow the law, procedures, and instructions of this country.
Question 48:
During the implementation phase, the project manager identifies a new project activity that will not affect the project end date. What should the project manager do next?
Create a change request
Update the schedule baseline and Begin working on the new task immediately
Update the change log and update the schedule baseline
Ask the sponsor to approve the new activity
Correct answerCreate a change requestUpdate the schedule baseline and Begin working on the new task immediatelyUpdate the change log and update the schedule baselineAsk the sponsor to approve the new activityOverall explanationAlthough the new project activity does not affect the end date of the project, it may affect the scope baseline and the other project constraints. Therefore, the project manager should submit the change request first and get approval from CCB.
Question 49:
You are managing a project with a budget of $9,000, and $1,500 has been spent. However, you only completed $1,000 worth of work. Your schedule says that you should have completed 50% of the work. What is the estimate at completion (EAC)?
$9,000 (Based on the original project Budget)
$9000 (Based on performance data)
$13,500 (Based on the original project Budget)
$13,500 (Based on performance data)
$9,000 (Based on the original project Budget)$9000 (Based on performance data)$13,500 (Based on the original project Budget)Correct answer$13,500 (Based on performance data)Overall explanationThe most common formula for EAC is BAC/CPI. CPI=EV/AC =$1,000/$1,500= 0.66 So, EAC= $9,000/0.66 =$13,500
Question 50:
Which of the following helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on a project?
Root Cause Analysis
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Sensitivity Analysis
SWOT Analysis
Root Cause AnalysisCost-Benefit AnalysisCorrect answerSensitivity AnalysisSWOT AnalysisOverall explanationSensitivity Analysis helps to determine which risks have the most potential impact on the project. PMBOK Guide 6, Page 434.
