UCSP|LESSON 2

Question 1

→ It is composed of formal rules, informal norms, or agreed upon understanding that constraint and prescribe political actors’ behavior and interaction with one another.

Answer 1

INSTITUTIONS

Question 2

→ its main function is to keep society in order and implement specific tasks assigned to them.
e.g. educational, economic, political and social institutions.

Answer 2

INSTITUTIONS

Question 3

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTITUTION (5)

Answer 3

● A cluster of social usage.
● Relative degree of permanence.
● Well known and defines objectives.
● A bit resistant to social changes due to well solidified beliefs.
● Transmitter of social heritage

Question 4

→ are established to cater all the needs and wants of people in general.
→ both encompass the creation, enforcement and application of laws by the three branches of the government (Legislative, Executive and Judicial) moving down to the establishment of family, educational, economic, health, media, and religious systems.
→ they were created and maintained as part of human and societal survival.
→ organizations and institutions are used interchangeably. In fact, they are synonymous.
→ they make people connected with one another by providing indispensable services to everyone’s lite.

Answer 4

Organizations and Institutions

Question 5

→ are organized political bodies or government owned and controlled corporations ‘GOCCs’
→ are institutions supposed to address market failures and correct imperfections.
○ These market failures exist when the allocation of goods and services of the free market are not efficient and leads to economic loss of value. This is why some corporations are installed (charted by special law) to protect the economy and the public interest of the people.
→ the different branches of the government create, implement, and interpret the laws we use as guide for our conduct.
→ government-controlled state institutions fulfill the wishes of the Philippine State: public service and public control.
→ Institutions that have state functions and are established to govern the state including all other agencies, bureaus and offices

Answer 5

STATE INSTITUTIONS

Question 6

3 BRANCHES OF THE GOVERNMENT

Answer 6

Legislative
Executive
Judicial

Question 7

→ makes the law
→ is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city. They are often contrasted with the
executive and judicial powers of government.

Answer 7

Legislative

Question 8

→ carries out the law
→ The executive, also referred as the executive branch or executive power, is the term commonly used to describe that part of government which enforces the law, and has overall responsibility for the governance of a state.
→ The President is the Head of State and Head of
Government, and functions as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises control over all
the executive departments, bureaus, and offices

Answer 8

Executive

Question 9

→ evaluates the law
→ Judicial power rests with the Supreme Court and the lower courts, as established by law (Art. VIII, sec. 1 of the 1987 Constitution).
→ Its duty is to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable (Art. VIII Sec. 1 (2)).

Answer 9

Judicial

Question 10

3 CLUSTERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS

Answer 10

• FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
• PUBLIC UTILITIES, INDUSTRIAL, AREA DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL, TRADING, PROMOTIONAL
• SOCIAL, CULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC

Question 11

→ are organizations that serve as bridges or intermediaries that
facilitate the flow of money in various transactions.
→ This means that financial institutions serve as links between the source of funds, the depositor, the fund user, and the borrower.
→ are institutions which the government directly or indirectly owns majority of the capital stock

Answer 11

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Question 12

3 Examples of Financial Institutions

Answer 12

• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
• Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP)
• Landbank of the Philippines (LBP)

Question 13

→ it functions as the Philippines central monetary authority.
→ Primarily, the BSP is tasked to provide policy directions in the areas
of money, banking and credit.

Answer 13

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)

Question 14

→ it provides development banking, financing, management and remittance services to the agricultural and industrial enterprises in the country.

Answer 14

Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP)

Question 15

→ it is the official depository of government funds of the Philippines. Besides, the LBP is socially mandated to spur countryside development
throughout the country

Answer 15

Landbank of the Philippines (LBP)

Question 16

3 PUBLIC UTILITIES, INDUSTRIAL, AREA DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURAL, TRADING, PROMOTIONAL

Answer 16

• Light Rail Transit Authority (LTRA)
• National Housing Authority (NHA)
• National Food Authority (NFA)

Question 17

→ This is a public transport operator responsible for the construction, operation and maintenance of the Manila LRT system in the Philippines.

Answer 17

Light Rail Transit Authority (LTRA)

Question 18

→ The institution is tasked to develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated housing program, housing development and
resettlement for the Filipino people.

Answer 18

National Housing Authority (NHA)

Question 19

→ The institution is responsible for ensuring the food security of the Philippines and the stability of supply and price of the staple-grain-rice.

Answer 19

National Food Authority (NFA)

Question 20

3 SOCIAL, CULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC

Answer 20

• Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)
• Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
• Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO)

Question 21

→ This institution is a government corporate entity tasked to undertake a national rice research program, with goals of creating competitive and
sustainable rice industry, improving the income of rice farmers, and expanding opportunities in rural areas

Answer 21

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

Question 22

→ this is a government owned and controlled corporation established to
preserve, develop and promote arts and culture in the Philippines. It is the most comprehensive and authoritative source of information on Philippine art and culture.

Answer 22

Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)

Question 23

→ a government owned and controlled corporation mandated to raise funds for health programs, medical assistance and services and
charities of national character. The raised collections go to the
President’s Presidential Social Fund to improve the country’s social welfare.

Answer 23

Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO)

Question 24

EXAMPLES OF STATE INSTITUTIONS

Answer 24

Constitutional Commissions
- Commission on Human Rights, Civil Service Commission, Commission on Audit, & COMELEC
Local Government Units
- DAR, DILG, DA, DND, DEPED, DOH

Question 25

→ refer to institutions that are organized by private individuals or groups for the purpose of providing services to the members of
society.
→ These institutions are not controlled by the government but are
regulated through laws and statutes of the state
→ There are non-state institutions that play vital roles in the economy
because they are the ones providing the needs of the people that the government cannot provide. However, a corresponding price or payment is needed in exchange for their services.
ex. banks, corporations, trade unions, cooperatives, development agencies, civil organizations, transnational groups

Answer 25

NON-STATE INSTITUTIONS

Question 26

→ It is a financial institution licensed to provide several financial services to different types of customers.
→ Provide a safe-keeping place for money and valuables of individuals. They also perform a role in settling payments and credit
intermediation.
→ Started during the Renaissance period in Italy. The word ‘bank’ traces its origin from the Old Italian word banca which means ‘table’ or ‘bench’ and is where transactions occurred at that time.
Ex. BDO, BPI, PNB, RCBC, Metrobank, Unionbank, Chinabank, Landbank, Eastwest, etc.

Answer 26

BANK

Question 27

→ an organization composed of workers or employees from related
fields aims to represent the interests and rights of its members, both in the workplace and in the society
Ex. Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP), Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU), Federation of Free Workers (FFW)

Answer 27

TRADE UNIONS

Question 28

→ These are made up of people with common interests who agreed
to work together for easy, safe, and affordable access to commodities, loans, and other services.
Ex. Oro Integrated Cooperative, Merchandising Manpower Service
Cooperative of the Philippines, The Foundation for Agrarian Reform
Cooperatives in Mindanao

Answer 28

COOPERATIVES

Question 29

→ They have the primary role of promoting labor welfare and good industrial relations.
→ Trade unions and cooperatives are organizations comprising
workers and laborers with common goals, purposes, and interests.
→

Answer 29

TRADE UNIONS AND COOPERATIVES