UCSP Flashcards
➢ The study of humanity
➢ The study of humankind
Anthropology
Goals of Anthropology
➢ Discover what makes people different from one
another.
➢ Discover what all people have in common.
➢ Look at one’s own culture more objectively like
an outsider.
➢ Produce new knowledge and new theories.
Areas of Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropology
- Linguistic Anthropology
- Biological Anthropology
- Archaeology
study of living people and their cultures
Cultural Anthropology
study of communication mainly among humans
Linguistic Anthropology
a.k.a. “physical anthropology” , study of humans as biological
organisms
Biological Anthropology
study of past human cultures
through their material remains
Archaeology
➢ Systematic study of groups and societies
➢ Focuses on various social corrections institutions
organization.
➢ Gathers social input.
➢ Studies human civilization
➢ Study of groups and societies that people build
and how these affect their behavior
Sociology
Father of Sociology
August Comte
Goals of Sociology
➢ To obtain possible theories and principles about
society.
➢ To critically study the nature of humanity.
➢ To appreciate all things are interdependent with
each other.
➢ To broaden our familiarity on sociological facts.
➢ To expose our minds to the different
perspectives on attaining the truth.
study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.
Social Organization
focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individual or responses which are called “social stimuli”.
Social Psychology
concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations. The goal of it is to assist in resolving social problems through the use of sociological research.
Applied Sociology
This area includes** size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition, migration,** changes, and quality vis- à-vis economic, political, and social systems.
Population Studies
It pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations (religious organizations, political institutions and etc.) to the population’s behavior.
Human Ecology
It focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to scientifically explain a particular sociological issue.
Sociological Theory and Research
It studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganization like calamity, drug abuse, drastic and gradual social change, health and welfare problems, political instability, unemployment and underemployment, child and women’s issue, etc.
Social Change
➢ Deals with the study of government and political processes, institutions, and behaviors.
➢ A study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as the government administration, opposition, and subjects
Political Science
➢ The art and science of governing city/state.
➢ The social process or strategy in any position of control.
Politics
Functions of Political Institution
➢ Enact law, ordinances, and rules designed to
promote safety, health, peace and order, and
morals of the community.
➢ Levy and regulate taxes.
➢ Support education program.
➢ Administer justice.
➢ Promote physical, economic, social, and cultural
wellbeing of the people.
➢ Preserve the internal and external autonomy of
the state.
➢ Administer foreign and diplomatic relations.
➢ The will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out.
➢ Tasked to impose social control.
➢ Governs a community or unit.
➢ Administer
Government
➢ A compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a certain geographical territory.
State
Elements of State
Government
people
territory
sovereignty
A group of people who are bound together into a single… through history, customs, value, language, culture, tradition, art, and religion.
Nation
Anthropological and Sociological Perspectives on Culture and Society
- Concepts of society and culture
- Aspects of culture
- Orienting
Asserts that culture originates from one more culture center, which are results of borrowed elements of the new culture.
Cultural Diffusionism
Believes that each group of people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment.
Historical Particularism
Believes that cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent and persist because they have a purpose.
Anthropological Functionalism
Cultural phenomena and practices have relationship to one another.
Anthropological Structuralism
States that new cultural forms emerge from the past to pass through similar stages of development.
Unilineal Evolutionism
Culture is influenced by technology resources, etc.
Cultural Materialism
Views society as an organized networks cooperating groups operating orderly to generally accepted norms.
Sociological Functionalism
Sees the social environment in continuous struggle which is in contrast with functionalism.
Sociological conflict Perspective.
Deals with patterns of behaviors in large units. of society such as organization, communities.
Symbolic Interactionism
Explains how human groups came or exist, grow, and develop.
Evolutionism
- it refers to all people, collectively regarded as constituting a community of related interdependent individual living in a particular place.
- it refers to a population of people that is organized in a cooperative manner population that occupies the same territory.
Society
➢ individual’s taste, inclination, and interest in the “fine arts”.
➢ being civilized
➢ A complex whole
Culture
Aspects of culture: Characteristics of Culture
- shared & contested.
- Learned through socialization or enculturation
- Patterned social interactions
- Integrated and at times unstable
- Transmitted through socialization / enculturation.
- Requires language and other forms of communication
- Dynamic, flexible and adaptive.
tools, weapons, instruments
Material/Tangible
beliefs, perception, and
traditions
Nonmaterial/Intangible
Objects made by human beings, either hand-made or mass produced.
Artifacts
Arts, Music, Drama and Literatures, Games and Sports, and Use of Leisure Time.
Arts and Recreation
The people usually wear in the community.
Clothes
The things we do
Customs and Traditions
The staple food that the people in the community often eat.
Food
The one that implement rules, keep peace and order, and address conflicts in the community
Government
The psychological result of perception, learning, and reasoning
Knowledge
The mental faculty or power of vocal communication
Language
A strong belief in a supernatural power that control human destiny
Religion
A structure that provides privacy and protection from danger
Shelter
Objects used to improve the performance of a task
Tools
The morals that we live by
Values
