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G12 Q1 > 21st Cen Lit > Flashcards

21st Cen Lit Flashcards

to study

1
Q

how many living languages in PH?

A

183 across 17 regions comprised of 82 provinces.

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2
Q

major characteristic of literature

A

audience can easily relate with

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3
Q

form of prose the common theme of which is about the origin of a thing, place, location or name.
The events are imaginary, devoid of truth and unbelievable. Old Filipino customs are reflected in these legends. Its aim is to
entertain.

A

LEGENDS.

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4
Q

are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror and humor where one can derive lessons
about life. These are useful to us because they help us appreciate our environment, evaluate our personalities and improve
our perspectives in life

A

FOLK TALES

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5
Q

are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events, usually of a hero, are
dealt with at length. Nobody can determine which epics are the oldest because in their translations from other languages,
even in English and Spanish. We can only determine their origins from the time mentioned in the said epics

A

THE EPIC AGE

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6
Q

Other forms of Poetry

A
  • Epigrams (Salawikain)
  • Riddles (Bugtong) or Palaisipan.
  • Chant (Bulong)
  • Maxims.
  • Sayings (Kasabihan)
  • Sawikain (Sayings with no hidden meanings)
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7
Q

These have been customarily used and served as laws or rules on good behavior by our ancestors.
To others, these are like allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young. To others, these are like allegories or parables that impart lessons for the young.

A

Epigrams (Salawikain).

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8
Q

These are made up of one or more measured lines with rhyme and may consist of four to
12 syllables

A

Riddles (Bugtong) or Palaisipan.

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9
Q

Used in witch craft or enchantment

A

Chant (Bulong).

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10
Q

Some are rhyming couplets with verses 5,6 or 8 syllables, each line having the same number of syllables.

A

Maxims.

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11
Q

Often used in teasing or to comment on a person ’ s actuations.

A

Sayings (Kasabihan)

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12
Q

(Sayings with no hidden meanings)

A

Sawikain

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13
Q

SPANISH PERIOD

A

1566-1871 (333 years)

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14
Q

Propaganda movement (1872-1898)

A

 Noli Me Tangere-Jose Rizal
 Pag Ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa-Marcelo Del Pilar
 Ang Fray Botod-Graciano Lopez Jaena

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15
Q

SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

A

 ALIBATA
 Christian Doctrine
 Spanish language became the literary language this time
 European legends and traditions
 Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog Grammar books were printed in Filipino Religious tone

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16
Q

The First Books

A
  1. Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine)
    2.Nuestra Senora del Rosario
    3.Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
    4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat
    5.The Pasion
    6.Urbana at Felisa
    7.Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)
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17
Q

LITERARY COMPOSITIONS

A
  1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog
    language)
  2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog language)
  3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary)
  4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango vocabulary)
  5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary)
  6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language)
  7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language)
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18
Q

Folk Songs Spanish

A

 Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
 Pamulinawen (Iloko)
 Dandansoy (Bisaya)
 Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
 Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)

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19
Q

Dramatic performance of the passion and death of Christ

A

. CENAKULO

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20
Q

The father of drama, a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which death with mens passion and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty or some political problem.

A

ZARZUELA

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21
Q

A special occasion for the pilareños of sorsogon during may time to get together

A

LAGAYLAY

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22
Q

Dramatic performance for the purpose of manifesting devotion for the holy cross.

A

TIBAG.

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23
Q

Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the whole family’s search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christ‘s birth through songs.

A

PANULUYAN

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24
Q

Dramatizes the reunion of the risen Christ and his mother.

A

SALUBONG

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25
Q

A form of dramatic entertainment perform on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on darknights after a harvest.

A

CARILLO

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26
Q

A short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were exaggerated comedy shown between acts plays and were mostly performed by characters from the lower class.

A

SAINETE

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27
Q

Like the Cenaculo, the Moro-Moro is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion. Example: “Prinsipe Rodante

A

THE MORO-MORO

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28
Q

This is a poetic vehicle of a socio- religious nature celebrated during the death of a person

A

KARAGATAN

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29
Q

The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and reasoning.

A

DUPLO

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30
Q

This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue.

A

THE BALAGTASAN

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31
Q

This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative beside the corpse of the dead.

A

THE DUNG-AW

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32
Q

is in dodecasyllabic verse. * are fabricated stories from writers ’ imagination although the setting and characters are European. * refers to chanting. Example: Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas

A

AWIT

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33
Q

is in octosyllabic verse. * were usually on legends or stories from European countries like France, Spain, Italy and Greece. * refers to narration. Example: Ibong Adarna by Jose de la Cruz

A

CORRIDO

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34
Q

AMERICAN REGIME

A

1898-1944

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35
Q

Our flag was hoisted on

A

June 12, 1898

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36
Q

was elected the first President of the Philippine Republic but this was short-lived.

A

Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo

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37
Q

The Fil-American war resulted in the defeat of

A

Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903.

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38
Q

IN 1910 (Philippine Literature change during American period)

A

New groups started to write in English.
 English is the medium use in literature language during this time.
 Spanish writers want to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes. Writer in Tagalog wants to write about
conditions of country and love for one’s native tongue. The Writers in English imitated the themes and methods of Americans.

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39
Q

KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS- (YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW)

A

Aurelio Tolentino.

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40
Q

TANIKALANG GINTO

A

JUAN ABAD

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41
Q

MALAYA

A

THOMAS REMIGIO

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42
Q

WALANG SUGAT

A

SEVERINO REYES

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43
Q

Three groups of writers

A

Spanish
Filipino
English

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44
Q

The writers in Spanish were accustomed to

A

write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes.

45
Q

wrote “A RIZAL” and it is considered the best poem in praise of the hero of bagumbayan.

A

Cecilio Apostol

46
Q

he collected the best of his poem in his book called “CRISALIDAS” and one of the poem written in this book was “INVOCACION A RIZAL”

A

Fernando Ma. Guerero

47
Q

well known for his pen name of “BATIKULING”. He and Manuel Bernabe participated in the topic

A

Jesus Balmori

48
Q

is a lyric poet. He was more attractive in the public in debate with Balmori because of the melodious worsd
he used, he defend “OLIVIDO”

A

Manuel Bernabe

49
Q

He collected his poems in a book called “BAJO LOS COCOTEROS” one of his writings dedicated to Rizal is
“ANTE EL MARTIR”.

A

Claro M. Recto

50
Q

The writers in Tagalog continue in their lamentations for

A

the conditions of the country and their love for one’s native tongue.

51
Q

“Father of the National Language Grammar” also known as “Apo” of the Tagalog writers “BANAAG AT
SIKAT” was his masterpiece.

A

Lope K. Santos

52
Q

known as “Huseng Batute” and also called as the poet of love in his time. “AG ISANG PUNONG
KAHOY” an elegy is believed to be his masterpiece

A

Jose Corazon de Jesus

53
Q

Was doubled poet of the laborers his masterpiece is “ANG PANDAY”.

A

. Armando V. Hernandez

54
Q

Known as “Tandang Anong” he considers “NENA AT NENENG” his masterpiece.

A

. Valeriano Hernandez Pena

55
Q

a popular storyteller, novelist, and newspaper man, he reach the pick of his success by the “SUMPONG”
of his pen.

A

Inigo Ed Regalado

56
Q

JULIAN CRUZ BLAMACEDA CLASSIFIED THREE KINDS OF TAGALOG POETS

A

 Poets of the heart- Makata ng puso
 Lope K. Santos, Inigo Ed. Reglado, Carlos Gatmaitan, Pedro Deo gracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V.
Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana, and Mar Antonio.
 Poets of Life- Makata ng buhay
 Lope K. Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes, Patricio Mariano, Carlos Gatmaitan, and Amado V. Hernandez.
 Poets of Stage - Makata ng Tanghalan
 Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio

57
Q

In 1995 … short story, “DEAD STARS” , was published and made the landmark maturity of the Philippine Writers.
Soon the stories and writings of Benitez became no longer imitative of American models

A

Paz Benitez

58
Q

In 1936 the Philippine writers league was organized Filipino writers in English, begin discussing the value of literature in
society. Initiated by … whose essay “Literature and society” won in the commonwealth award, and this
means that the art must have substance. And that Jose Garcia Villa adherence the “Art For Art’s Sake

A

Salvador P. Lopez.

59
Q

Philippine Literature in English
DIVIDED INTO THREE TIME FRAME:

A
  • The period of re-orientation 1898-1910
  • Period of Imitation 1910-1924
  • Period of self-discovery and growth 1925-1941
60
Q

JAPANESE REGIME

A

1941-1945

61
Q

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

A
  • 1941-1945 PHLIPPINE LITERATURE WAS INTERRUPTED
  • PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH CAME TO HALT
62
Q

except for the …, almost all
newspapers in English were stopped by the JAPANESE.

A

TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW

63
Q

An English writer turned to write in Filipino because of the strict prohibitions of the Japanese regarding any writing
in English.

A

Juan Laya

64
Q

The weekly LIWAYWAY newspaper was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by Japanese named ISHAWARA in
other words, Filipino literature was given break during this period. Many wrote plays, poems, short stories, etc. Topics and themes
were often about life in the provinces.

A

KANJI ISHIWARA

65
Q

FILIPINO LITERATURE UNDER JAPANESE PERIOD

A

The common theme of most poems during this period the Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the
barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.

66
Q

THREE TYPES OF POETRY DURING THIS PERIOD

A
  • HAIKU
  • Tanaga
  • Karniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
67
Q

a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. it was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines. The first line had 5
syllables, the second line has 7 syllables, and the third line has 5. The HAIKU is allegorical in meaning, it is short and covers a
wide scope in meaning

A

HAIKU

68
Q

Like the HAIKU, is short but it had measure and rhyme. Each line had 17 syllables and it’s also allegorical in
meaning.

A

Tanaga

69
Q

Like those mentioned earlier in the beginning chapters of this book. it is the usual and
common form of poetry.

A

Karniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

70
Q

FILIPINO DRAMA

A

 Drama experiences a lull during the Japanese period because movie houses showing American Films were closed.
 English plays reproduced into Tagalog.
 The translators were Francisco Soc Rodrigo, Alberto Concio, and Narciso Pimentel. And they funded the organization of
Filipino players named Dramatic Philippines.

71
Q

Translators

A

Francisco Soc Rodrigo
Alberto Concio,
Narciso Pimente

72
Q

Wrote PANDAY PIRA

A

JOSE MARIA HERNANDEZ

73
Q

(Wrote sa PULA, SA PUTI

A

FRANCISCO SOC RODRIGO

74
Q

(Wrote BULAGA-an expression to a game - hide and seek

A

CLODUALDO DEL MUNDO

75
Q

The best writings in 1945

A

First Prize: Narciso Reyes with his LUPANG TINUBUAN
Second Prize: Liwayway Arceo’s UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA
Third prize: NVM Gonzales’ LUNSOD NAYON AT DAGAT DAGATAN

76
Q

who won the Pulitzer Prize for his bestsellers I SAW THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES, I SEE THE
PHILIPPINES RISE and his, MOTHER AMERICANS AND MY BROTHER AMERICANS.

A

Carlos P. Romulo

77
Q

published With Harp Sling in 1943

A

Alfredo Litiatcio

78
Q

published forces that makes Nation Great.

A

Jose P. Laurel

79
Q

The Laughter of my Father 1994, The Voice of Bataan 1942.

A

Carlos Bulosan

80
Q

TWO MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE

A
  • Poetry
  • Prose
81
Q

-This literary type is usually written in lines and is characterized by having the element of rhythm, sound, imagery, and
form. Its main purpose is to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas.

A

Poetry

82
Q

In contrast to poetry, this literary piece applies a natural flow of speech and grammatical structures which are mainly
consisting of complete sentences arranged logically and sequentially in a paragraph form.

A

Prose

83
Q

This poetry tells a story and has the elements of a narrative such as characters, setting, conflict, etc

A

. Narrative Poetry

84
Q

This is an emotionally appealing drama written in verse that tells a story and is intended to be recited or
sung in front of the audience by a character speaking in poetry.

A

Dramatic Poetry

85
Q

It is the most common type of poetry that focuses on expressing feelings rather than telling a story

A

Lyric Poetry

86
Q

This serves as a product of the writer’s wild imagination and creative thinking where the characters react to the conflict
and various issues central to the main idea of a literary work.

A

Fiction

87
Q

Three types of fiction

A

short story, novel, and novella

88
Q

These are stories inspired by real events where the writers aim to present, interpret, or describe experiences based on facts. The judgments, opinions, and commentaries of the writers may
be presented in the form of essays, journals, diaries, feature articles, editorials, and the like.

A

Non-fiction

89
Q

refers to the forms of literature. The general ones are oral and written.

A

Genre

90
Q

refer “to particular identifiable characteristics of a whole text. They represent the elements of storytelling which
are common to all literary and narrative forms. For example, every story has a theme, a setting, a conflict, and has a particular
point-of-view, and plot, etc. In order to be discussed legitimately as part of a textual analysis, literary elements must be specifically
identified for that particular text.”

A

Literary elements

91
Q

The main idea or truth about life an author tries to present.

A

THEMES

92
Q

It’s the thesis or real topic of discussion.

A

Non-Fiction –

93
Q

An abstract concept made concrete through representation in person, action, or image

A

Fiction

94
Q

Denotation, Connotation, Moral.

A

Associated Themes

95
Q

Time and place where the story is located

A

SETTING

96
Q

Epoch in history or season of the year

A

Time

97
Q

Occupations & daily manner of living of the characters

A

Environment

98
Q

Talks about social, moral, religious, and emotional conditions

A

Atmosphere

99
Q

CONFLICT
External

A
  • Man vs. Man
  • Man vs. Nature
  • Man vs. Society
100
Q

CHARACTER

A
101
Q

not well develop or stock character

A
  • Flat
102
Q

well develop and exhibit so many traits that they seem like real people

A

Round

103
Q

A character who remains basically the same inside throughout the story

A

Static

104
Q
  • A character who changes inside in some significant way
A

Dynamic character

105
Q

(Always limited) told in the perspective of a character in the story (“I”)

A

First Person

106
Q

(Told by an outside narrator who doesn’t know everything) restrict interior response of the character has an
interior monologue. Third person pronouns “he, she, they”

A

Third Person

107
Q

Told by an outside narrator who does know everything) – use second person “you”.

A

Third Person Omniscient

108
Q

freytag’s pyramid

A

exposition > inciting incidents > rising action > climax > falling action > rresolution

G12 Q1 (12 decks)

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