PR 2... Flashcards
- Reports your critical review of the relevant
literature - Identifies a gap within the literature that your
research will attempt to address
Literature
LITERATURE REVIEW PROCESS
- Select a topic
- Select and choose literature
- Analyze and interpret literature
- Write the review
Standard Format:
APA style
- a discussion that draws on one or more sources
- Your ability to infer relationships among
sources such as essays, articles, fiction and
also non-written sources such as lectures,
interviews and observations will be helpful in
synthesizing information taken from your
review of literature.
● refers to the bringing together of materials
from different sources, and the creation of an
integrated whole.
SYNTHESIS
It helps the readers to understand a topic. Its
primary aim is to present the facts in a
reasonably objective manner.
EXPLANATORY SYNTHESIS
Its purpose is for you to present your own
point of view with the support of relevant facts
drawn from services and presented in a logical
manner.
ARGUMENT SYNTHESIS
CATEGORIES OF SOURCES
Fraenkel (2015)
- Documents
- Numerical Records
- Oral Statements
- Relics
TECHNIQUES FOR WRITING A
SYNTHESIS
- SUMMARY
- EXAMPLE OR ILLUSTRATION
- TWO (OR MORE) REASON
- COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
you write one after the other the most relevant
information and sources you gathered.
SUMMARY
a reference to a particularly illuminating
example or illustration that you have included
in your review
EXAMPLE OR ILLUSTRATION
effective method by simply stating your thesis,
then give reasons why it is true.
TWO (OR MORE) REASON
This will lead to examining two subjects or
data in terms of one another.
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
SECTIONS OF A LITERATURE REVIEW
- Introduction
- Body
- Conclusion
- Often a single paragraph
- Introduces the general topic and provides an
appropriate scholarly or societal context for
the review - Identifies the overall state-of-knowledge about
the topic
Introduction
- Address previous research on the topic,
grouped according to theme, theoretical
perspective, methodological approach, or
chronological development. - Draw together the significance of previous,
individual studies by highlighting the main
theme, issues, and knowledge gaps
Body
- Often a single paragraph
- Provides a summary statement of the overall
state of knowledge about the topic, including
gaps in knowledge and understanding,
reconnecting to your introduction - Reinforces the research purpose or objectives,
and establishes the potential significance or
importance of your proposed research, relative
to the current state of knowledge
Conclusion
The specific or sub questions, called …, are to specify the scope and the
method in collecting and analyzing data, giving
you the right direction in your research.
Research Questions
ask questions on the kind, qualifications, and
categories of the subjects or participants.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
are questions about the nature andmanner of
connection between or among variables.
RELATION QUESTIONS
reasons behind the effects of the independent
variable on the dependent variable is the focus
of these types of research questions.
CAUSAL QUESTIONS
Two approaches to quantitative research
questions:
- DEDUCTIVE APPROACH
- INDUCTIVE APPROACH
● a concise description of the issues that need
to be addressed by the researcher.
● There should be a general statement of the
whole problem followed by the specific
questions or sub problems into which the
general problem is broken up.
● The problem statement is the researcher’s
guide during the research process. It is the
verbalization and articulation as well as the
analysis of the question in which the
researcher wants the research to answer
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- The purpose of the … is
to help the researcher to prove the relevance
of his or her research question and to further
develop his or her thesis. - A description of the study’s context, which
includes current information on the problem,
current research on it, and the history that led
to the development of the research question. - It explains the rationale. It explains why you, as
a researcher, are performing the research in
the first place.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
