Biology Flashcards
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It is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Cell
Order
Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Organism - Population – Community – Ecosystem – Biosphere
a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first Microscope (instrument
used to magnify small objects)
Zacharias Janssen (1950)
saw a box-shaped
structure that he called CELL.
Robert Hooke (1665)
Cell came from the Latin word
“cellus”
means tiny rooms/jail
rooms (cell)
- Father of Microbiology
- observed what he called Animalcules now known as protozoa (protest) which differs from
bacteria since it has different shapes while bacteria have only 3 types of basic shapes.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
a German botanist stated that plants are made of cells.
Matthias Schleiden
a German physiologist, concludes that animals are also made up of cells.
Theodore Schwann
stated that cells come from pre-existing cells
Rudolf Virchow
cell
division splits cell into two daughter cells
“Omnis cellula e cellula”
The Cell Theory was proposed (also known as the cell postulates) during
the 19th Century
CELL THEORY
All things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells carry genetic materials which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.
All cells are basically the same structure and chemical composition (4 major compositions: protein,
lipid/ fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids).
Energy flow (biochemical processes such as cellular respiration, photosynthesis, metabolism) occurs
within the cells.
- Little Organs;
- Specialized structures found within the cell which performs specific
functions vital to cellular life.
ORGANELLES
- “pro” (before) + “karyon” (kernel nut)
- Simple unicellular organism
- Do NOT have a NUCLEUS and membrane bound organelles.
- Their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.
- First organism that existed, fast to reproduce but short-lived.
PROKARYOTES
- “eu” (true) + “karyon” (kernel nut)
- Organism whose cell has a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.
- Other organelles are also bound by membranes.
EUKARYOTES
- No nucleus
- Biconcave shape
- Contains hemoglobin
- Carry O2 throughout the body
- Eukaryotic
- Once had a nucleus but it disintegrates due to it to function and contain
hemoglobin and O2
RED BLOOD
CELLS
- Has an irregular shape
- Produce antibodies and antitoxins
- Plays an important role in the immune system
WHITE BLOOD
CELLS
- Has a long tail to swim
- Needed for reproduction
SPERM CELL
- Largest cell in human body
- Needed for reproduction
- Carries genetic material
EGG CELL
- Longest cell in animal body
- Carry impulses through the body
- No longer cell divides when old
NERVE CELLS
- Facilitate movement
- Elongated and elastic
- They have the greatest number of mitochondria
MUSCLE CELLS
3 types of cell
- Cardiac
- Skeletal
- Smooth
Specialized cells in Animals
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells
- Sperm Cells
- Egg Cell
- Nerve Cell
- Muscle Cell
- Has Cell Wall
- Serves as passage of gases in plants.
- This is where the water escapes
- Guards the Stomata
GUARD CELLS
