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G12 Q1 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

A

Cell

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2
Q

Order

A

Cell – Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Organism - Population – Community – Ecosystem – Biosphere

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3
Q

a Dutch eyeglass maker, invented the very first Microscope (instrument
used to magnify small objects)

A

Zacharias Janssen (1950)

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4
Q

saw a box-shaped
structure that he called CELL.

A

Robert Hooke (1665)

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5
Q

Cell came from the Latin word

A

“cellus”

means tiny rooms/jail
rooms (cell)

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6
Q
  • Father of Microbiology
  • observed what he called Animalcules now known as protozoa (protest) which differs from
    bacteria since it has different shapes while bacteria have only 3 types of basic shapes.
A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

a German botanist stated that plants are made of cells.

A

Matthias Schleiden

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8
Q

a German physiologist, concludes that animals are also made up of cells.

A

Theodore Schwann

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9
Q

stated that cells come from pre-existing cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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10
Q

cell
division splits cell into two daughter cells

A

“Omnis cellula e cellula”

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11
Q

The Cell Theory was proposed (also known as the cell postulates) during

A

the 19th Century

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12
Q

CELL THEORY

A

 All things are made up of cells.
 Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.
 Cells come from pre-existing cells.
 Cells carry genetic materials which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.
 All cells are basically the same structure and chemical composition (4 major compositions: protein,
lipid/ fats, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids).
 Energy flow (biochemical processes such as cellular respiration, photosynthesis, metabolism) occurs
within the cells.

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13
Q
  • Little Organs;
  • Specialized structures found within the cell which performs specific
    functions vital to cellular life.
A

ORGANELLES

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14
Q
  • “pro” (before) + “karyon” (kernel nut)
  • Simple unicellular organism
  • Do NOT have a NUCLEUS and membrane bound organelles.
  • Their DNA is found in the nucleoid region.
  • First organism that existed, fast to reproduce but short-lived.
A

PROKARYOTES

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15
Q
  • “eu” (true) + “karyon” (kernel nut)
  • Organism whose cell has a nucleus enclosed by a membrane.
  • Other organelles are also bound by membranes.
A

EUKARYOTES

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16
Q
  • No nucleus
  • Biconcave shape
  • Contains hemoglobin
  • Carry O2 throughout the body
  • Eukaryotic
  • Once had a nucleus but it disintegrates due to it to function and contain
    hemoglobin and O2
A

RED BLOOD
CELLS

17
Q
  • Has an irregular shape
  • Produce antibodies and antitoxins
  • Plays an important role in the immune system
A

WHITE BLOOD
CELLS

18
Q
  • Has a long tail to swim
  • Needed for reproduction
A

SPERM CELL

19
Q
  • Largest cell in human body
  • Needed for reproduction
  • Carries genetic material
A

EGG CELL

20
Q
  • Longest cell in animal body
  • Carry impulses through the body
  • No longer cell divides when old
A

NERVE CELLS

21
Q
  • Facilitate movement
  • Elongated and elastic
  • They have the greatest number of mitochondria
A

MUSCLE CELLS

22
Q

3 types of cell

A
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
  • Smooth
23
Q

Specialized cells in Animals

A
  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Sperm Cells
  • Egg Cell
  • Nerve Cell
  • Muscle Cell
24
Q
  • Has Cell Wall
  • Serves as passage of gases in plants.
  • This is where the water escapes
  • Guards the Stomata
A

GUARD CELLS

25
Q
  • Contains chloroplast
  • Produces food through photosynthesis
A

PHOTOSYNTHETIC
CELLS

26
Q

transport of water from roots to the other parts of plants

A

xylem

27
Q

Transport nutrients in plants

A

Phloem

28
Q

Adaptation or changes acquired by the cell after cell division that aids the cell in
various beneficial ways.

A

Cell Modifications

29
Q
  • Long, whip-like, tail-like structures made of
    protein filaments
  • Aids movement
  • Some unicellular organisms use their
    flagellum to capture food (euglena)
A

Flagella (pl)
Flagellum (s)

30
Q
  • Hair-like organelles extending from the cell
    surface.
A

Cilia (pl)
Cilium (s)

31
Q

two types of Cilia:

A
  1. Motile (movement)
  2. Non-motile (also known as primary cilia;
    for sensory)
32
Q
  • “pseudo” (false) and “pod” (feet)
  • Movement and ingestion
A

Pseudopod

33
Q
  • Small slender, finger-like projections
  • Increase surface area to increase absorption
A

Villi (pl) or Microvilli
Villium (s)

34
Q

Specialized Cells in Plants

A
  • Guard Cells
  • Photosynthetic Cells
  • Xylem
  • Phloem
35
Q

General Modification

A
  • Flagella
  • Cilia
  • Pseudopod
  • Villi

G12 Q1 (15 decks)

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