Ucntional Anatomy Of The Elbow And Forearm

Question 1

What are the bony features relevant to the elbow joint

Answer 1

• Osteology 
• Of humerus:
– Trochlea 
– Capitulum 
– Olecranon fossa 
– Coronoid fossa 
– Radial fossa
• Of ulna:
– Coronoid process 
– Trochlear notch 
– Olecranon process
• Of radius:
– head

Question 2

What are the fucntions of the ligaments of the elbow joint

Answer 2

• Strengthen the capsule medially and
laterally 
• Ulnar collateral ligament 
• Radial collateral ligament 
• Annular ligament

Question 3

Describe the ulnar collateral ligament

Answer 3

• Three bands 
• Anterior – strongest 
• Posterior - fan like
 • Oblique  - deepens the socket for
trochlea

Question 4

Describe the radial collateral ligament

Answer 4

• Fanlike

* Blends with annular ligament

Question 5

Describe the annular ligament

Answer 5

• Ligamentous collar • Attached to ulna anterior and posterior to its radial notch • Supports the head of the radius

Question 6

Which muscles produce flexion at the elbow joint

Answer 6

– Biceps brachii – Brachialis – Brachioradialis

Question 7

Which muscles produce extension at the elbow joint

Answer 7

– Triceps brachii – Anconeus (weak extensor)

Question 8

What produces pronation of the forearm

Answer 8

Pronation
– Proximal and distal R/U joints – Pronator teres and pronator
quadratus

Question 9

What produces supination in the forearm

Answer 9

Supination

– Proximal and distal R/U joints – Supinator (no resistance) – Biceps brachii (with resistance)

Question 10

Which muscles produce pronation and supination

Answer 10

-

Question 11

What is the interosseus membrane

Answer 11

Distribute Any force at the distal part between the 2 bones - fibrous joint

Question 12

What type of joint ar ethe prod/dist radioulnar joint

Answer 12

Pivot

Question 13

Describe the radioulnar joints

Answer 13

• Triangular fibrocartilage complex binds distal radius and ulna together
• Separates the distal R/U joint from the wrist

Question 14

Which bread lead to problems in the elbo joint

Answer 14

Bursae
• There are lots of them! 
• Most give rise to no problems, except…
– Subcutaneous olecranon bursa
– Subtendinous olecranon bursa

Question 15

What are teh roots of the cubical ossa

Answer 15

• Median cubital vein 
• Vein of choice for venepuncture
– Does not slip 
– Brachial artery and median nerve
protected by bicipital aponeurosis

Question 16

What are the contents of the cubical fossa

Answer 16

• Radial nerve • Tendon of biceps brachii • Brachial artery • Median nerve

Question 17

What are the muscles in he superficial compartment of the forearm

Answer 17

• Flexion of the wrist
– Flexor carpi ulnaris
– Flexor carpi radialis
– Palmaris longus

• Adduction of the wrist
– Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Abduction of the wrist
– Flexor carpi radialis

• Pronation of the forearm
– Pronator teres

• All except FCU supplied by median N
– FCU supplied by ulnar N

Question 18

What is in the intermediate compartment of the forearm

Answer 18

• Flexor digitorum superficialis
– Flexion at the wrist 
– Flexion of the digits
• metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers
– Median N

Question 19

What muscles are in the deep compartment of the forearm

Answer 19

• Flexor pollicis longus
– Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb
• Median M

• Pronator quadratus
– Pronation of the forearm
– Median N

• Flexor digitorum profundus
– Flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints of the 4 fingers

Question 20

Describe the innervation off the flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 20

Flexor digitorum profundus
• Medial part innervated by ulnar nerve
• Lateral part innervated by medial nerve

Question 21

What is the fiference bwtween the tendons of the fdp and the Feds

Answer 21

Fdp - tendons go all the way to distal phalanges

Fds - tendons stop at middle phalanges