Hand And Wrist

Question 1

Which is teh radial side of the hand

Answer 1

Radial - thumb

Ulnar - little finger

Question 2

What are the bones of the hand?

Answer 2

Radius
Lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, triquetral, pisiform
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 3

What are the joints of teh hand

Answer 3

• RADIOCARPAL 
• MIDCARPAL 
• CARPO-METACARPAL 
• METACARPO-PHALANGEAL 
• INTER-PHALANGEAL
NO NUMBERING DIGITS!

Question 4

What are the movements o the wrist

Answer 4

• FLEXION
• EXTENSION
• RADIAL DEVIATION
• ULNAR DEVIATION
• PRONATION
• SUPINATION
• “DART THROWING MOTION”

Question 5

What are the movements of the fingers

Answer 5

• FLEXION
• EXTENSION
• ABDUCTION
• ADDUCTION
• OPPOSITION (thumb and little finger)

Question 6

What are the movements of the thumb

Answer 6

• FLEXION / EXTENSION • ABDUCTION (PALMAR OR RADIAL)
/ADDUCTION
• OPPOSITION / RETROPOSITION /
RETROPULSION

Question 7

What is the test for the flexor policies longus

Answer 7

Place hand flat Dow, lift thumb (retropulsion)

Question 8

What are the fucntions of the hand

Answer 8

• Index and middle finger – STABILITY
• Ring and little finger - STRENGTH
• Thumb - PRECISION

Question 9

Name the carpals

Answer 9

Hamate capitate trapezium trapezoid

scaphoid lunate triquetal pisiform

Question 10

What is the purpose of the hook of hamate

Answer 10

Protect ulnar nerve

Question 11

What is the function of the carpals

Answer 11

• No muscle attachments
• Intercalated segment – movement (muscle cross tehse bones and insert distally) - the bones adapt the shape depending on the muscles beyond them 
• Hand can conform to shape the task
• Protected from abnormal movements
• Scaphoid susceptible to avascular
dictated by muscles acting distally
requires by strong ligaments
necrosis because of retrograde blood supply

Question 12

How are muscles named

Answer 12

1. WHAT MOVEMENT? • FLEXOR • EXTENSOR • ABDUCTOR • ADDUCTOR • PRONATOR • SUPINATOR
2. WHAT PART OF THE HAND? • CARPI (CARPAL BONES –
   WRIST) • DIGITORUM (DIGIT –
   FINGER) • INDICIS – INDEX FINGER • MINIMI – LITTLE FINGER • POLLICIS - THUMB
3. EXTRA DESCRIPTOR
   • LONGUS (LONG) • BREVIS (SHORT) • RADIALIS (RADIAL SIDE) • ULNARIS (ULNAR SIDE) • SUPERFICIALIS (SUPERFICIAL) • PROFUNDUS (DEEP)

Question 13

What are the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 13

EXTRINSICS (FOREARM)
• FLEXORS (VOLAR) • EXTENSORS (DORSAL) GIVES RISE TO THE TENODESIS

INTRINSICS (HAND)
• THENAR MUSCLES (THUMB) • HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES (LITTLE FINGER) • INTEROSSEI • LUMBRICALS • THUMB ADDUCTOR
EFFECT

Question 14

What are the characteristics of the extrinsic flexors

Answer 14

CHARACTERISTICS
• EXTRINSIC – PROXIMAL TO WRIST 
• VOLAR ASPECT OF FOREARM 
• PRONATE FOREARM 
• FLEX WRIST AND FINGERS
MUSCLES
• ARRANGED IN THREE LAYERS IN
THE FOREARM
• THE DEEPER YOU GO, THE MORE
DISTAL THEIR ACTION

Question 15

What are the muscles in layer 1

Answer 15

• ORIGINATE FROM MEDIAL EPICONDYLE
• FLEXOR-PRONATOR GROUP
• PRONATOR TERES
• FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
• PALMARIS LONGUS
• FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Question 16

What muscles are in layer 2 f the forearm

Answer 16

Flexor digitorum superficialis • ORIGINATES FROM MEDIAL
• INSERTS INTO MIDDLE PHALANGES
• INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE BELLIES • MAY NOT HAVE FDS TO THE LITTLE
EPICONDYLE/ RADIUS AND ULNA
OF THE FINGERS
FINGER

Question 17

What muscles are in layer 3 of the forarm

Answer 17

• FDP ORIGINATES FROM THE ULNA AND INSERTS INTO DISTAL PHALANGES OF THE FINGERS
• SINGLE MUSCLE BELLY (ALL FINGERS
• FPL ARISES FROM RADIUS AND TOGETHER) INSERTS INTO THUMB DISTAL PHALANX

Question 18

What are the extensors of the wrist

Answer 18

• EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS
LONGUS – 2nd METACARPAL
• EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
– 3rd METACARPAL
• EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS – 5th
METACARPAL

Question 19

Describe the finger extensors

Answer 19

• CENTRAL SLIP – INSERTS INTO BASE • 2 LATERAL SLIPS – INSERT INTO
• WORK TOGETHER BUT CAN BE
OF MIDDLE PHALANX
BASE OF DISTAL PHALANX
DAMAGED IN ISOLATION

Question 20

What are the other finger extensors

Answer 20

• EXTENSOR INDICIS (PROPRIUS)
(LIBRARIAN SHUSH MUSCLE) • EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI
(MACHIAVELLIAN LAUGH)
• TOGETHER – SHOOTS A WEB

Question 21

What are the thumb extensors

Answer 21

• EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS – BASE
OF PROXIMAL PHALANX
• EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS –
BASE OF DISTAL PHALANX (RETROPULSION)
• ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Question 22

What are the 5 groups of hand muscle s

Answer 22

• LUMBRICALS • INTEROSSEI • THENAR EMINENCE • HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE • THUMB ADDUCTOR
(AND PALMARIS BREVIS – YEAH, WHO CARES)

Question 23

What is the function of the lumbar I also

Answer 23

• CROSS THE NEUTRAL AXIS BETWEEN FLEXION AND EXTENSION OF THE DIGITS
• ARISE FROM FDP TENDONS AND INSERT INTO EXTENSOR EXPANSIONS

• ALLOW OPPOSING MOVEMENTS AT
NEIGHBOURING JOINTS

Question 24

Wha are the interossei

Answer 24

• DORSAL ABDUCT BIPENNATE (dab)
• PALMAR ADDUCT UNIPENATE (pad)
• ALSO CROSS THE NEUTRAL AXIS \ THEREFORE ASSIST LUMBRICALS IN FLEXION AT MCPJs AND EXTENSION AT IPJs

Question 25

What are the The are muscles

Answer 25

• FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS • ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS • OPPONENS POLLICIS BREVIS
BULK UP THE THUMB CHIEF FUNCTION IS OPPOSITION

Question 26

What are the hypothecate muscles

Answer 26

• FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI • ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI • OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI
BULK UP HYPOTHENAR EMINENCE CHIEF FUNCTION IS POWER GRIP

Question 27

Describe the thumb adductor

Answer 27

• CLOSES OFF GAP BETWEEN THUMB
AND INDEX METACARPALS
• KEY COMPONENT OF PINCH GRIP • BASIS OF FROMENT’S TEST

Question 28

What is palmaris brevis

Answer 28

• INVOLUNTARY CONTROL • CAN LOSE CONTROL GIVING RISE

TO A TWITCHY PATIENT

Question 29

Describe the nerve supply to the extrinsic muscle

Answer 29

• RADIAL NERVE – POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
• ULNAR NERVE – FCU, ULNAR HALF OF FDP
• MEDIAN NERVE – EVERYTHING ELSE

Question 30

How to check never function to the hand

Answer 30

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Question 31

Describe teh blood supply to the hand

Answer 31

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