U8S3 Peace And Conflict Flashcards
Bullying
Intimidating/frightening people weaker than yourself
Conflict resolution
Bring in a fight or struggle to peaceful conclusion
Exploitation
Taking advantage of a weekend group
Forgiveness
Stopping blaming someone and/or pardoning them for what they have done wrong
Just war
A war which is fought in the right way and fought for the right reasons
Pacifism
The belief that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means
Reconciliation
Bringing together people who were opposed to each other
Respect
Treating a person or their feelings with consideration
The United Nations
And international body set up to promote world peace and cooperation
Weapons of mass destruction
Weapons which can destroy large areas and numbers of people
World peace
The ending of war throughout the world (the basic aim of the United Nations)
Aggression
Attacking without being provoked
Causes of war (5)
- Self defence
- National pride
- Fighting against aggression
- Racial or ethical hatred
- Natural resources
4 factors that caused civil war in Dafur
- Environmental- desertification caused people to move
- Long standing hatred between both sides. The government was accused of persecuting non arabs
- National pride- part of wide conflict in Sudan. Some wanted South Sudan to be ruled as an independent country. Government insisted it remained as one country
- Remote location- took a long time for people to find out. There were thousands dead by the world found out
How did the UN make peace in Dafur?
- Negotiations- the Sudanese government and the UN formed an agreement to stop the government. Government failed to accept but the UN got both sides to talk
- Sanctions- people stopped trading with Sudan-they threatened to stop trading
- Peacekeeping- peacekeeping forces sent in
- UN lowered the number of deaths and had successes in peace talks
Christian organisations to promote world peace (2)
- World Council of Christians- encourages Christians to heal divisions by taking. Has been involved in South Africa Sudan and Korea
- Pax Christi- works for peace. Opposes war and conflicts. Encourages government to solve their disputes through discussion
Islamic organisations to promote world peace (2)
- Islamic relief. Helps victims of war. Has worked in Bosnia and Iraq
- Muslim peace fellowship- promote world peace. Works against injustice and reaches out to people of all faiths. Tries to develop mutual understanding and respect
What do these organisations do?
- Hold peace vigils
- Help victims who are suffering
- Educate all involved
- Encourages peace talks
- Teach forgiveness
- Take part in demonstrations against war
Name the 6 criteria for a just war
- There is a reasonable chance of success
- No innocent civilians killed
- It is fought with the aim of bringing peace
- The cause of war is just- e.g. Aggression
- The methods are fair and reasonable
- It is the last resort after negotiations and non violent methods have failed
Why are just wars important?(4)
- It allows religious people to fight in wars
- Islam teaches people should fight in the right way
- It protects innocent civilians
- It promotes fair treatment of prisoners
Why do Christians accept the just war theory? (6)
- It has been accepted by many Christian churches
- Jesus taught obedience should be shown to the government
- Sometimes violence is necessary e.g. Aggression
- There are situations where war is the lesser of two evils
- It is right to have armed forces to protect nations
- St. Paul told people that they had a duty to only those in authority
Explain why Christians would refuse to fight in wars (5)
- Some believe in absolute pacifism
- Ten Commandments ban killing
- Jesus taught that people should love their enemies
- Jesus stopped his own followers from using violence
- Nuclear weapons cause suffering
Lesser Jihad is a just war theory. Name its seven components
- Fought for a just cause- defend Islam or justice
- As a last resort
- If it is authorised by Muslim authority
- Minimum suffering is caused
- Innocent civilians are not attacked
- Ends when enemy surrenders
- When the aim is to restore to peace and freedom
Muslim attitudes against war (4)
- Peace and reconciliation is at the heart of Islam
- Modern weapons cannot be used in a way that is with Muslim rule about fighting in a war
- Non violence is the only way to achieve peace
- Violence only leads to more violence
Why Muslims should fight
- Muhammad fought in wars and taught Muslims should
- The Qur’an teaches that anyone in a just war goes to heaven
- The Qur’an teaches it is right if you have been attacked
Christian attitudes to bullying (6)
- Violence without cause is against Christian teachings
- Every individual was created by God in his image so bullying is mistreating his creation
- Jesus taught love one another
- Everyone should be treated with respect
- The bible teaches that God will take action against cruel behaviour
- God will judge humans so bullying is bad
Muslim attitudes to bullying (5)
- Islam teaches aggression without a cause is wrong
- Every person was created in Allah and is wrong to abuse any part of this
- Islam teaches that Muslims should work to end injustice
- Muhammad taught Muslims should protect and help the weak and vulnerable
- They will be judged
Why can there be conflict in religious families?(4)
- A child of an atheist family may be one religious which is difficult to accept
- There may be different ideas about social behaviour
- Religious parents may not approve of girlfriend and boyfriends
- They may hold different ideas of how the child should be raised
Reasons for religious people forgiving (3)
- Follow the example if Jesus who died on the cross to bring forgiveness and reconciliation
- The bible teaches forgiveness is important (love your enemy)
- Should forgive others and God will help them do this
Muslim teachings on forgiveness and reconciliation (4)1
- Conflicts should be resolved using the ideas if forgiveness and reconciliation
- Judgement day
- Allah ‘compassionate and merciful’ Muslims should act in this way
- Muhammad taught people should forgive and be reconciled with those who offended them
- Qur’an teaches that reconciliation is important ‘if a person forgives and reconciliation, his reward is due from God
