U8S2 Environment And Medical Issues Flashcards
Conservation
The act of protecting and preserving natural resources and environment
Creation
The act of creating the universe or the universe which has been created
Embryo
Fertilised egg in the first eight weeks after conception
Environment
The surroundings in which plants and animals live on and which they depend to live
Global warming
The increase in the temperature of the earths atmosphere (thought to be caused by the greenhouse effect)
Infertility
Not being able to have children
IVF
The method of fertilising human egg in a test tube
Natural resources
Naturally occurring materials, such as oil and fertile land, which can be used by humans
Organ donation
Giving organs to be used in transplant surgery
Stewardship
Looking after something so it can be passed on to the next generation
Surrogacy
An agreement with my woman better child on behalf of another woman
Where an egg is donated and fertilised by the husband through IVF and then implanted into the wife’s uterus
Artificial insemination
Injecting semen into the uterus by artificial means
Give 2 causes of global warming
- Many scientists believe burning fossil fuels increases greenhouse gases such as co2
- Others say the rise in temperature is natural
Effects of global warming
- Ice melts in polar regions
- Some hotter areas suffer drought whereas others suffer from rain
- Increase in extreme weather
- Some animals die
Solutions to global warming (3)
- Individually- turn off electrical appliances when not in use, walk rather than use vehicles
- Government- set laws for factories to reduce energy, work to reduce energy usage
- Research into the causes and consequences of climate change so we can prevent it
Name the 4 types of pollution
- Waste
- Land
- Air
- Water
Discuss waste pollution
Increase in waste that is not biodegradable or recyclable. Waste takes up space and spreads diseases and releases chemicals
Discuss land pollution
Land or soil pollution leads to poor plant growth and threatens animal habitats. Example: littering and pesticides
Discuss air pollution
Substances or chemicals released into the atmosphere threaten the chemical balance of the air which leads to acid rain.
Discuss water pollution
Contaminated rivers lakes and oceans. This affects the water quality and the plants and animals that live there. Eutrophication, sewage
4 solutions to the 4 types of pollution
- Create less waste- recycle as much as possible.
- Alternative energy sources- look for cleaner sources e.g. Wind power
- Government action- anti pollution laws to limit the amount of pollution
- Alternative manufacturing methods- research methods of manufacturing that produce less waste
Give an advantage and disadvantage of renewable resources
✔️ They will never run out and provide clean energy
✖️ Only work in certain areas
Give an advantage an a disadvantage of no renewable resources
✔️ Some e.g. Metals can be recycled and are useful for humans
✖️ They are scarce. Once they are used up they cannot be replaced
Reasons for using non renewable resources (3)
- Why should we think of the future now- we should make the most of life now
- It is more expensive and harder to use renewable sources of energy
- Not all renewable sources of energy are possible in certain places so we have to use what we have
Reasons against using non renewable resources (3)
- If we continue to use them and there will be none left
- We have alternative renewable resources
- We should try and preserve the environment as Christians believe it is gods creation and he gave humans stewardship over the world
3 Christian teachings on creation
- Stewardship- God gave humans stewardship over the world- they must look after it for future generations
- Authority/dominion- this means they have a positions of power and responsibility to care for Gods creation
- Responsibility- humans have a God- given responsibility to care for the world for future generations
The effect on Christian attitudes to the environment (5)
- Take care of the environment because it is a gift from god
- Share the resources of the world more equally because Jesus taught Christians should love and help
- Conserve the earth’s natural resources for future generations
- Reduce pollution to help the environment
- Care for animal and plant life as they too were created by God
Muslim teachings on stewardship (6)
- Allah put humans in charge of his creation so Muslims should respect this gift
- The balance of the must be maintained. Allah created evening to have unity and Is dependent on everything in the world
- Adam was made a kalifah and all humans have been given this responsibility
- All Muslims are part of ummah and should look after the world for future generations
- Animals are part of gods creation
- On judgement day you will be judged on your lives including if took care of the world
The effect on Muslim attitudes to the environment (6)
- Supporting environmental organisations and charities
- Recycling and reducing energy use
- Planting trees and crops and using them for the good of others
- Not overusing the earth’s resources and share them more equally
- Not damaging the natural environment
- Avoiding waste pollution
Issues with infertility treatment
- They are expensive
- No guarantees it will work
- Fertility drugs have uncomfortable side affects
- The couple may be put under great strain because of treatment
- Donor or sperm eggs can cause conflict problems with the child
- The child should know their biological parents
- Causes problems if the surrogate bonds with the child
4 Christian responses to fertility treatment
- Some may accept it is gods plan for them not to have children
- Some may adopt children
- Some may direct their parental skills in a different way through a school or Church work
- Some may choose to explore fertility treatment
Christian attitudes against fertility treatment (5)
- No one has a right to have children if this is not gods will
- Treatments where fertilisation takes place outside the womb and will involve masturbation which is a sin
- Where embroiled are created, usually those not used are destroyed
- Many are against treatments where sperm is donated or eggs are used because this is seen as adultery
Christian attitudes for fertility treatment (3)
- Go forth, be fruitful and multiply
- It allows infertile couples to experience the joy of having children as God intended
- God gave humans the knowledge to create children artificially
Muslim attitudes for fertility treatment
- Infertility is seen as a disease so it is okay to try and find a cure
- Childbirth and child bearing are important family commitments
- Having children brings the couple closer together
- The role and status of a Muslim woman in society involves her ability to have children
- Ivf and artificial insemination are permitted
Muslim attitudes against fertility treatment (3)
- Muslims believe that of Allah does not want a couple to have a child they should accept it and should not have treatment
- Disagree with using donor sperm or eggs
- All Muslims believe surrogacy is wrong
Issues with organ donation (6)
- Who should get the organ when there are not enough for those who need them
- Family members may feel pressurised into donating organs to a loved one
- Should humans be using organs from animals
- There are not enough donor organs for those requiring organs
- Should a person should be kept alive or allowed to die purely for organ donation
- It raised questions about when a person actually is considered dead
Christian attitudes for transplant surgery (3)
- The body is not needed in heaven
- It is a loving and charitable act that follows the teaching of Jesus to act and love one another
- It is a way of people showing gratitude to God for the gift of life
Christian attitudes against transplant surgery (4)
- Goes against the sanctity of life and people should not play God
- If interferes with gods plan for every human being
- The organs are a part of a person and it should be wrong to replace part of gods creation
- Some argue that organs should not be replaced if they had alcohol
Muslim attitudes for transplant surgery (3)
- Some argue it is okay as it is saving lives and that is what Allah would wish
- Live donations are less controversial as people can survive without one kidney
- Many Mildred would allow living donor transplants to close relatives
Muslim attitudes against transplant surgery (3)
- The Qur’an reached the body should be soon buried after death and should not be interfered with
- They need all their organs
- Only God can give and take life
