U5 Government Responses to Social Movements Flashcards
What was the Equal Pay Act of 1963?
Required employers to pay men & women same wage for same job.
What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Banned discrimination based on race, color, gender, religion, or national origin in public accommodations & employment. Changed voter registration rules, hiring, public facilities, etc.
What was the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
It limited discriminatory laws & loopholes intended to prevent African Americans from voting. Federal government (Justice Dept.) was given more control over state elections to boost voting equality.
What was Title IX of Education Act of 1972?
It guaranteed women the same educational opportunities as men which led to programs receiving federal funding.
What are some cases where the government decided to protect Minority Rights?
Brown v. Board
Obergefell v. Hodges
Executive Order 13985
Equal Pay Act
Civil Rights Act
What are some cases where the government decided NOT to protect Minority Rights?
Shaw v. Reno
Plessy v. Ferguson
Executive Order 1966
Jim Crow Laws
Why does the government sometimes protect minority rights and sometimes restrict them?
It’s based on time period and social norms as well as Ideological makeup/breakdown of Supreme Court, Congress and Presidency.
What is Affirmative Action?
Efforts to improve opportunities for underrepresented or disadvantaged groups, especially in relation to employment or education
What does Constitutional Affirmative Action look like?
The constitution only forbids racial classifications designed to harm minorities. For example, in Grutter v Bollinger (2003) there is no violation of Equal Protection Clause. It was a race-conscious admissions program to ensure diversity of student body.
What does Unconstitutional Affirmative Action look like?
Creating race and gender-based classifications, benefitting certain genders & race groups over others. For example, Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) is a violation of Equal Protection Clause. It’s a rigid use of racial quota system at public schools.
