Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History Revs > U4AOS2 STATS > Flashcards

U4AOS2 STATS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards
1
Q

How fast was China’s population growing when the CCP took power?

A

15mil/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How bad was inflation in 1949?

A

1000%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How bad was industrial production in 1949?

A

50% of pre-war levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How bad was food production in 1949?

A

food prod = down 25% = esp felt in cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many of the initial PRC provisional government ministers were non-CCP

A

11/24 initial govt ministers = non-CCP (part of 8 LW/dem parties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the 4 classes of Mao’s so-called ‘democratic coalition’?

A

o Peasantry
o Proletariat (workers)
o Petite-bourgeoisie (sml bus owners)
o National capitalists (‘loyal industrialists’ = expertise in econ/bus/ind)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflation improvement

A

85,000% 1949 → 15% 1951

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did the CCP improve government revenue?

A

X2 govt revenue 1950-51 thru reformed tax system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many PRC (People’s Volunteer Army) troops cross the Yalu River on 15 Oct 1950?

A

350,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many casualties did the PRC suffer in the Korean War?

A

900K Ch troops killed/MIA/wounded + 500K killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How much land were landlords still allowed to keep under the Agrarian Reform Law and what were the conditions?

A

up to ½ land if cultivated by immediate fam/rented to hired hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How businesses were investigated during Wufan and how many were found guilty?

A

450K businesses investigated → 340K found guilty of at least 1 anti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much had the Chinese urban population increased in the CCP’s early years?

A

1949-57 urban pop x2 (57mil → 100mil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the provisions of the PRC’s treaty with the USSR (14 Feb 1950)?

A

mutual defence pact, $300mil loan, sci/ind/tech expertise, pol/econ strategists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many different industrial enterprises did the 1st 5YP aim to construct?

A

700

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was Gao Gang’s position in the CCP?

A

appt head of State Planning Comm (oversaw 5YP) in late 1952

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How was the 1st 5YP’s budget split?

A

o Heavy ind = 89%
o Manufacturing = 11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many households were in Mutual Aid Teams?

A

6-10 fams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many households were in Lower Agricultural Co-Operatives?

A

20-40 households

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

After what threshold could Lower Agricultural Co-operatives profit off of their produce?

A

after meeting ¼ harvest yield govt quota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many households were in Higher Agricultural Co-operatives?

A

100-300 households

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the 1st 5YP’s impact on industrial output?

A

1957 gross ind output exceed initial goal by 21%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How much did government expenditure on industry increase by during the 1st 5YP

A

x5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

At what rate did industrial production increase during the 1st 5YP?

A

10-16%/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many Soviet advisors came to the PRC as a result of their 1950 treaty?

A

10,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How many people went to the USSR for training as a result of their 1950 treaty?

A

28,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How much of the total investment into the 1st 5YP came from Soviet funding?

A

3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were the agricultural outcomes of the 1st 5YP?

A

• Farming prod only inc 4%/yr
• Grain prod only inc 2-3%/yr
• Soybeans/cotton prod = dec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How fast was the Chinese population growing during the 1st 5YP?

A

2.2%/yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was Mao’s initial goal for agricultural collectivisation?:

A

Collectivise 1/2 peasantry by end 1957

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What proportion of peasants were living in collectivised farms by the end of 1956?

A

97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What was Mao’s initial goal for nationalising the private sector?

A

Achieve joint st/priv ownership of all priv-owned enterprises by end 1957

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How fast was Mao’s nationalisation goal achieved

A

Achieved by Jan 1957 = 1 mo after announcing goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How many people gathered in Tianamen Square on 15 Jan 1957 to celebrate the achievement of Mao’s nationalisation goal?

A

200,000 - celebrate socialism triumph over cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When was the 8th Party Congress?

A

Sep 1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many intellectuals/students were rounded up for struggle sessions in Deng’s Anti-Rightest campaign?

A

100,000s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What was quota for institutions that employed intellectuals to expose staff with ‘right leanings’

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What proportion of GMD Rev Comm + Dem League members convicted of “anti-Comm, anti-ppl, anti-socialist bourg line” during the First Anti-Rightest Campaign?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

How many people were sent to ‘re-education’ (hard labour) camps during the first Anti-Rightest Campaign?

A

300,000-400,000 - Some stay 10-20yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In which article of the PRC Constitution were women’s rights enshrined

A

A48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How many women were members of the All-China Women’s Federation

A

76mil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

How big were the PCs?

A

up to 5000 fams + 100,000 ppl/PC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How was the PC workforce organised/miliatarised?

A

split up into 10-20 brigades of dozens of work teams - “battle nature” = farming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How many sparrows did the PRC ask the USSR for?

A

200,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How much were grain yields inflated by party cadres?

A

Area of land that usually would prod 1tn of rice grain now claim prod 15-30tn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How much grain was China producing during the GLF vs how much were they reporting?

A

o 1958 300 mil tn grain but reported 450mil tn
o 1959 170mil tn grain but reported 500mil tn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

By how much did the CCP increase grain levies in mid 1958?

A

30% → 90%

48
Q

How much were grain quotas revised during the Wuhan Plenum (Dec 1958)

A

450mil tn → 370mil tn = 200mil tn above amt prod in 1959

49
Q

How much were grain quotas revised during the Lushan Plenum (July 1959)?

A

370mil tn to 270mil tn = still 100mil tn more than supply

50
Q

How many people died during the Three Bed Years Famine?

A

30mil (Becker)

51
Q

By how much were PC sizes reduced by Liu?

A

1/2

52
Q

How big did Liu reduce work team sizes down to?

A

30ppl

53
Q

How much did private grain production increase as a result of Liu’s retreat and recovery plan?

A

end of 1962 gr prod inc 6mil tn → 10mil tn

54
Q

How much did industrial production change as a result of Liu’s retreat and recovery plan?

A

1963-65 heavy ind prod inc 17% + light ind 27%

55
Q

What countries did Zhou allow grain imports from?

A

Aus + Ca

56
Q

What was the focus of the SEM?

A

‘Four Clean-ups’
Collection of comm gr
Distrib of work pts
Accounting procedures
Care of pub property

57
Q

How many LRBs were in circulation by the end of 1966?

A

1bn

58
Q

How many RGs rallied in TS on 18 Aug 1966?

A

1mil+

59
Q

How many people travelled to Beijing in August 1966 to be ‘reviewed’ by Mao?

A

10mil+

60
Q

How many portraits of Mao were produced?

A

2.2bn

61
Q

How many people died in RG/rebel worker infighting?

A

650Kppl die 1966-68

62
Q

For how long did violence continue after the implementation of the new ‘3 in 1’ revolutionary committees?

A

18 months

63
Q

How many times was Peng Dehuai assaulted in the RG’s ‘struggle sessions’?

A

130

64
Q

How many denunciation meetings was Peng Zhen subject to in the RG’s ‘struggle sessions’?

A

200

65
Q

How many people died in the ‘Cleansing of the Class Ranks’ movement (1967-68)

A

1.5mil

66
Q

Example violence in ‘Cleansing of the Class Ranks’ movement

A

Guangxi
Aug 1967
11 days
3600ppl died

67
Q

How many people were ‘sent down to villages’

A

1968-72 17mil

68
Q

What was significant about the makeup of the 9PC (Apr 1969)?

A

o Vet party members outnumbered by new comrades = new era of CCP
o Mil men = 66% Congress

69
Q

What proportion of regional CCP cadres were purged during the CR?

A

70-80%

70
Q

How many members of the Politburo retained their post after the CR?

A

9/23

71
Q

Leadership changes after CR ended at 9PC (Apr 1969)

A

o M re-elected as Chair of CC + Party
o Liu officially purged - labelled a ‘scab’ in CC resolution
o Deng demoted/purged
o CRSG dissolved
o LB = VC + M’s successor
o Wives of M/LB/Kang Sheng/ZE joined Pb

72
Q

Economic consequences of the CR

A

o Ind prod dec 17% by 1967
o Elec generation dec 30%
o Cost Ch econ $34bn

73
Q

How many cultural sites in Beijing were defaced?

A

5000/6800

74
Q

How did the CR impact junior middle school?

A

o By 1976 x15 more jr MS than 1965

75
Q

How did life expectancy in China change 1949-76?

A

1949 35yo → 1957 57yo → 1975 63yo

76
Q

How many people died in the ‘Cleansing of the Class Ranks’ movement?

A

1.5mil

77
Q

What were the ‘Four Modernisations’ (Aug 1973)?

A

agriculture
industry
national defence
science and tech

78
Q

Details of ‘danwei’

A

danwei = work units
prov emp w/ subsidies accommodation, healthcare + pensions
‘iron rice bowl’ b/c guaranteed livelihood/soc welfare

79
Q

What proportion of land was handed over to the peasants during Fanshen?

A

47%

80
Q

How much did the average peasant’s land holdings increase due to Fanshen?

A

x2
(and X have to pay rent)

81
Q

How many staff did the All-China Women’s Federation employ by the mid-1950s?

A

40,000 - helped Ch women become edu + exercise rights outlined in 1950 New Marriage Law

82
Q

Impact of GLF on education

A

Req 9yrs of compulsory + free edu
1976 Ch edu system taught 218mil kids
lit rates inc from 20% 1949 → 70% 1976

83
Q

Barefoot doctors program details

A

equipped uni students w/ 6mo basic med training → deliver vax, assist childbirth + admin health edu campaigns

“Fairly effective healthcare system” (Mabo)

84
Q

How much hard labour were ‘rightists’ sentenced to?

A

5-20yrs

85
Q

What was the ‘commodity basket’ system

A

System of wage regulation to ensure workers were paid enough to buy 5 basic necessities = rice, wheat, oil, coal + cotton

86
Q

Details of 1st 5YP’s origins

A
  • 1 Oct 1953 M announce beginning of ‘general line for the trans to soc’
  • 1952-57
  • focused on construction of 700 diff ind enterprises
  • spurred collectivisation debate b/w Gradualists (Liu + Chen Yuan - ‘no collect w/out mod’) vs M + Chen Boda = want immediate collect to stem P’s ‘spontaneous cap tendencies’
87
Q

How did the 1st 5YP develop overtime?

A
  • 1955 M opp Pb consensus on Grad approach to collect → start appealing to rural party cadres w/ speech ‘On Agri Co-op’ → mid 1956 announce goal of collect 1/2 P by end 1957 → achieved 97% by end 1956
  • 1st 5YP running out 1957 + cont pol tensions abt collect → GLF (add more info pls)
88
Q

Reasons for the the 1st 5YP

A

• Devastation of 12 yrs of war (WWII → CW) → destruction of infrast + communications
• Industrial prod = 50% of pre-war levels
• Large-scale unemp in cities
• Food shortages esp in cities bc food prod = down 25%
• 1949-57 urban pop x2 (57mil → 100mil)
• GMD already set up national ind investment policy = Nat Resources Com. = 200K workers
• 14 Feb 1950 PRC sign treaty w USSR = mutual defence pact, $300mil loan, sci/ind/tech expertise, pol/econ strategists  help implement Stalinist dev model = ind growth funded by surpluses from collectivised agri
• By 1953 CCP already est stability thru:
o Social + pol campaigns
o Inflation under control
o Ensured mil control of Ch for 1st time ever

89
Q

Reason for Thought Reform

A

Prominent intell opp CCP regime
• Hu Shi (founder of NCM) = in T working for JJ as GMD foreign min
• Liang Shuming critic MZ/CCP view of rev as peasant driven

90
Q

Thought Reform details

A

• Intro Sep 1951
• Targeted intell class
• Followed same process as Rectification Campaign: lecture → criticise their bourg attitudes in grp discussion → struggle sessions where intel forced to correct attitudes to align w Marx → ‘re-education’= hard labour if refuse
• Publicly denounced well-known intell

91
Q

Reason for Sanfan + Wufan

A

Sanfan - Ex-GMD members in govt = unreliable → “We need to have a good clean-up” – MZ

Wufan - MZ believe ind/business sector = cause of govt corruption/disloyalty

92
Q

Sanfan + Wufan details

A

Sanfan
• Intro Nov 1951
• Consisted of 3 Antis/Evils = corruption, waste, bureaucratism
• Targeted govt officials + party cadres

Wufan
• Intro 1952
• Targeted business owners + industrialists
• 450K businesses investigated  340K found guilty of at least 1 anti
• Usually lenient punishment (fines, imprisonment) but pressured to relinquish part/full ownership to st

93
Q

8th Party Congress

A

Sep 1956
Start to lim M’s power:
o Dir ref to MZ Thought in constit removed
o Create new leadership team = Liu Shaoqi + Deng Xiaoping
o Zhou Enlai pub critic fast-paced collectivisation advocated for by M

94
Q

Influence of USSR on launch of HFC

A

Destalinisation → CCP start to lim M’s power at 8PC
Mass uprisings in H + Pol → M fears HToS will fade away

95
Q

Aims of HFC

A

• inc party awareness of pop needs/demands = essentially mass line but focused on intell class
• ‘vaccinating the masses’ against discontent
• solve collectivisation debate
• bring back tech expertise/innovation lost thru Wufan/Thought Reform
• change M’s image
• reinvigorate rev zeal by shaking up party bureucracy

96
Q

Why had the HFC not taken off by the end of 1956?

A

lack of support from CCP e.g. Peng Zhen (mayor of B) lim what PRC newppr Ppl’s Daily

intel class still suspicious

97
Q

How did M finally instigate the HFC?

A

Feb 1957 M gave speech (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People) to the Supreme St Conference = non-CCP
→ demo M’s frustration w party leadership
→ dist HFC w past anti-intell campaigns

→ travel thru Ch appealing to rural cadres

→ Apr 1957 Ppl’s Daily finally endorse HFC → critics start + workers strike in cities

98
Q

CCP response to HFC

A
  • June 1957 M issue edited version of 1940 ‘On Contradictions’ in PD - dist b/w poisonous weeds + fragrant flowers
  • Anti-Rightest Campaign (100,000s students + intell rounded up for struggle sessions + 300K-400K sent to concentration camps)
99
Q

Reasons for GLF

A
  1. end of 1st 5YP - no consensus on collectivisation debate
  2. inspo from USSR - Oct 1957 USSR launch Sputnik + Kruschev declare Sov overtake US in 5 key ind sectors in 15 yrs
  3. Seeking Truth from Facts tour - M inspo by massive water proj built by mils of P = far exceeding targets
100
Q

How did Mao build momentum/support for the GLF

A

Early 1958
M lobby thru speeches to Sup St Conf, Nat Ppl’s C + central/prov party leaders
Advocated for rejuvination of ‘rev virtue’ in econ

101
Q

Aims of GLF

A

Idealistic:
rejuvination of ‘rev virtue’ in econ
- backwardness = good b/c prog only thru struggle
- pol will/rev enthusiasm will overcome material deficiencies
- soc rev #1 thn econ growth will organically follow
- P = ignorant + desperate → drive forward rev b/c most easy to manip

Pragmatic:
create self-suff rural econ so Ch econ can ‘walk on two feet’ w/ minimal investment b/c P generate own $ → dec need for ‘expert planners’/bureaucracy
o Employ peasants for labour-intensive proj during off-season → build infra/prod sml goods/inc morale + enthusiasm for collective work
o Est collectives (like Yenan) → use local expertise to prod sml scale goods
o Create a “tech rev” – giving peasants skills/knowledge thru practical exp

→ creates “socialist-conscious, cultured labourers” w/ X need for intel or high-skilled experts who could critic the CCP

102
Q

Lysenkoism

A

Details:
intro 1958 after unusually good harvest (good weather)
o Acclimatising ill-suited crops to Ch environ
o Close planting
o Deep ploughing

Outcomes:
dec yield + quality of soil

103
Q

Wuhan Plenum

A

28 Nov-10 Dec 1958
Aim: address growing concerns abt news of famine, waning enthusiasm + reality of prod figures
Outcomes:
- reaffirmed GL
- dec grain levy 450mil tn → 370mil tn
- intro incentives for P inc prod e.g. reopen sml priv markets + fam allowed to cultivate sml veg plots
- X comm kitchens
- investigative teams sent out from B (but only suggest minor changes to GLF)
- M step down as Pres
- Peng Duhuai visit home in Hunan → horrified by poverty → pledge to tell CCP → purged after speaking vs M at Lushan Plenum → GLF doubles down

104
Q

Lushan Plenum

A

July 1959
- Peng sent letter ahead of time expressing concern abt pending famine
- M read letter to plenum + let Pb speak their mind → agree w/ Peng
- M demos ‘speaking frank’ = assumes responsibility for flawed concept but pivoted blame + warned further critic ≠ acceptable

→ 16 Aug 1959 Peng Duahuai purged from party + labelled ‘anti-party element’ → renewed ‘Anti-R campaign’ vs ‘Little Peng Duahuais’

105
Q

How did CCP suppress news of the famine

A

o Intercepted mail
o Villages under lockdown – impris for ‘vagrancy’ if try to leave

106
Q

Outcomes of famine

A

• Cannibalism – ‘famine culture’ of ‘swap child, make food’ – Becker
• Husbands sold wives/daughter into prost for food
• 1000s kids orphaned/abandoned (left in pits)
• 30 mil ppl died – Becker: “in sheer terms of numbers, no other event comes close to this’

107
Q

7000 Cadres Conference

A

Jan 1962
Aims: review policies from 2YP + discuss who/what was responsible for famine

Outcomes:
- CC endorse ‘3 Priv + 1 Guarantee’ = farm sml plots/prod handicrafts/sell prod @ markets (3) BUT must meet govt quotas (1)
- M replicate self-criticism from Lushan → treated like ‘dead ancestor’ → retreats from party + devises SEM
- Liu/Deng/Zhou adopt conservative recovery strategy

108
Q

When was the SEM launched

A

Sep 1962 at 10th Plenum but cadres X enthusiastic (Hsu)

109
Q

How did the SEM develop over time?

A
  1. Feb 1963 CCP adopt M’s “Early 10 Pts” = vague blueprint for SEM
    → ‘mass line’ approach of immersing cadres in P comm + agitating for P to ID + punish corruption
  2. Sep 1963 Deng update to “Later 10 Pts” = changed to internal CCP campaign by replacing role of P w/ reliable cadre work teams
    → fail b/c corrupt off cont dodge punishment
    → Liu’s wife Wang report prov officials silencing P complaints + exploiting labour/resources to build own homes
  3. Sep 1964 Liu draft “Revised Later 10 Pts” = larger work teams
    → purge 5mil CCP
110
Q

Outcomes of SEM

A
  • 5mil CCP purged
  • inc pol div b/w M + Liu b/c L allowed work teams to behave dictatorially → suppressing P’s rev potential
  • addressed P corruption but X reinvigorate rev values of P = fail to addres ‘cap tendencies’ of P
111
Q

Learn from PLA

A

Feb 1964 officially launched in PD
RA-style politicisation of PLA → model correct soc behaviour:
- commissars appt to all lvls of mil to give pol instruction
- X ranks on army uniforms
- est pol bureaus in schools/factories etc
- sponsored art fests/performances/lit campaigns to inc pol edu

112
Q

Learn from Lei Feng

A

fabricated story of model soc behaviour → prog thru struggle b/c exploited by LL → joined PLA → read LRB everyday

song made abt him

113
Q

Pre-cursors to CR

A

• 1963 ban ‘Ghost Drama’ genre of trad Ch opera bc ‘superstitious’
• 1962 M warns ‘the use of novels for anti-P activity is a great invention’
• Jan 1965 M urge Pb to create ‘5-man group’ led by PZ to investigate how to carry out CR – specific target = vice mayor of B = Wu Han = author of allegorical novel turned play ‘Hai Rui Dismissed From Office’

114
Q

May 16 Circular

A
  • created CRSG
  • X dir name target of CR but called for:
    o ‘the whole party must follow MZ’s instructions’
    o Expose reactioniaires w/in CCP  purge them
    o Remove threats to M’s power = “successors” = Liu – bc fear PRC will be ‘on the cap rd’ like the USSR under Kruschev
115
Q

How did Lin Biao contribute to CR hysteria

A

Late May 1966 said in PD: “Mao is a genius”
pub LRB

116
Q

16 Pts

A

Early Aug 1966
CC plenum
alluded to Liu as ‘cap roader’ + ‘revisionist’
added structure to how M16C should be addressed

→ Liu offers self-criticism → demoted

History Revs (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions