U4 AOS2 Flashcards

Question

Aims of the First Five-Year Plan

Answer 1

Grow heavy ind thru Stalinist dev model thru construction of 700 diff industrial enterprises

Answer 2

1 Oct 1953 MZ announce PRC pivot to “general line for the transition to socialism”

Answer 3

• Spurred collectivisation debates: o Liu Shaoqi + Chen Yuan = Gradualists → argue ‘no collect w/out mod’ bc believe X pt pushing collect if X have machinery to carry out mass-scale farming o Mao + Chen Boda → believed collect should happen ASAP to pre-empt peasants’ “spontaneous tendencies towards capitalism” + a reinvigoration of rev zeal/LM spirit (progress thru struggle) was all that was needed to inc prod + overcome material deficiencies • Gao Gang Affair o GG = key ally of MZ + top off in Manch + member of Pb o late 1952 appt head of State Planning Comm (oversaw 5YP) → well-trusted + respected o MZ complain abt Liu’s push for slow collect → GG interpret this as command to conspire against Liu + other Generalists → recruit support from other top off + mil comm → plan is leaked to MZ + condemns “sinister wind” blowing amongst CCP o 24 Dec 1953 MZ publicly scold GG + Liu attacks GG for running an ‘ind kingdom’ in Manch → GG arrested + impris o Mar 1954 purged from CCP + suicide

Answer 4

Industrialisation plan: Sectors of focus = coal, steel, petrochemicals, transport, infrast (e.g. vast rd + rail bridge across Yangzi River in Nanjing) o Heavy ind = 89% 5YP budget o Manufacturing = 11% 5YP budget Agriculture plan: • X funding to agri bc assume collectivised farming will inc prod organically → use gradual persuasion • Peasants encouraged to form Mutual Aid Teams = 6-10 fams → share tools/draught animals during peak harvest/planting time → then encouraged to form co-ops: o Lower agri producers co-ops = 20-40 households → maintain ownership but only profit on crops produced above ¼ harvest yield govt quota o Higher agri producers co-ops = 100-300 households → X ownership + only paid for labour – instead co-ord + admin by CCP

Answer 5

* 1957 gross ind output exceed initial goal by 21% * Total govt expenditure on ind x5 1950 vs 1957 * Ind prod inc 10-16%/yr * Treaty w USSR → 10K Sov econ advisors + 28K Ch go to USSR for training * Ch prod own trucks, aircraft, cars + ships for 1st time

Answer 6

• $300mil loan from USSR came w condition of concessions • PRC had to pay for Sov econ advisors → take out more loans to cover costs → by 1955 Ch paying more to USSR than receiving BUT Sov funding = only 3% investment • Funding for 5YP depended on agri prod = vulnerable + underperforming: → Farming prod only inc 4%/yr → Grain prod only inc 2-3%/yr → Soybeans/cotton prod = dec = problem bc pop inc 2.2%/yr → X generating surplus anticipated to sell intl → fund ind mod = 5YP • CCP losing support of peasants: → Losing ownership = X reflect their view of rev = centred on land reform/redist from LL to peasant → Felt exploited for benefit of ind in cities bc high grain taxes + low fixed prices → X profit from prod from land they still owned → impact on prod bc peasants prioritised farming little land they still owned >collect farms

Answer 7

• 1955 MZ opposed Pb consensus that Gradualism should be approach to agri collect → July 1955 appeal to rural pol cadres w speech ‘Question of Agri Co-op’: “An upsurge in the new, socialist mass movements is imminent… on no account should we allow these comrades [the Gradualists] to use the Soviet experience [the need for mod/ind] as a cover for their idea of moving at a snail’s pace”

Answer 8

MZ appeal had ‘electrifying effect’ (Ryan) on pol cadres in countryside → MZ’s announced goal to collect ½ peasants by end 1957 = met + exceeded w 97% peasantry in co-ops by end 1956

Answer 9

* late 1955 MZ want to intro more soc policies in cities → consult delegate of businessmen → suggest nationalising entire priv sector * Tactic = persuasion/intimidation but X law

Answer 10

Met w enthusiasm : o MZ’s stated goal to trans all priv-owned enterprises → joint st/priv ownership by end 1957 = met by mid-Jan 1957 = 1mo after goal announced o Busmen celebrate as hand over deeds o 15 Jan 1957 200K ppl rally in TS square to celebrate soc triumph over cap → ev of impact of Sanfan bc created compliant bus class

Answer 11

Sep 1956 @ 8th Party Congress CCP started lim M’s power: o Dir ref to MZ Thought in constit removed o Create new leadership team = Liu Shaoqi + Deng Xiaoping o Zhou Enlai pub critic fast-paced collectivisation advocated for by M

Answer 12

* De-Stalinisation - Feb 1956 Khrushev denounced S’s cult of personality * Mass pop uprisings in H + Pol

Answer 13

M paranoid High Tide would fade away

Answer 14

* inc party awareness of pop needs/demands = essentially mass line but focused on intell class * allow pop to release frustrations w regime thru discussion/debate – X uprising = ‘vaccinating the masses’ against discontent * solve collectivisation debate * bring back tech expertise/innovation lost thru Wufan/Thought Reform * change M’s image to portray Comm as valuing freedom of speech bc felt vulnerable to deSt * reinvigorate rev zeal by shaking up party bureaucracy

Answer 15

* Jan 1956 Zhou gave speech → encourage better rel bw party + intel * M tried to pop Zhou’s idea by reviving old Ch expression: “Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend” + even encouraged open discuss ideas of JJ + prev critic intel (Hu Shi + Liang Shuming) BUT • X progress by end 1956 bc lack of support from CCP e.g. Peng Zhen (mayor of B) lim what PRC newppr Ppl’s Daily + intel class still suspicious

Answer 16

* Feb 1957 M gave speech to the Supreme St Conference = non-CCP * M travel thru Ch urging that contradictions = inevitable but should be resolved peacefully + follow process of unity-criticism-unity * Apr 1957 Ppls daily give major endorsement when pub editorial promo HFC → critic starts arising → “’fine rain’ of criticism [that M was expecting] grew into a heavy downpour of resentment”(Ryan) → intel critic party/M/socialism + argue CCP X better than GMD or Imp

Answer 17

workers strike in cities = exactly what M X want * June 1957 Ppl’s Daily announce end of HFC bc denunciations X longer tolerated – published edited version of M’s 1940 ‘On Contradictions’ * New distinguishment bw “fragrant flowers [non-antagonistic, constructive criticism of specific CCP practices/indiv] and poisonous weeds [antagonistic critic contrary to socialism/M/CCP’s dem dict]” * “Any word or deed at variance w socialism is completely wrong” - Mao

Answer 18

systematic + organised • Deng Xiaping appt head of campaign → round up 100,000s intell/students → struggle sessions • Instit that employed intel req to meet quota of exposing 5% of staff as R otherwise suspected of R leanings • 40% of GMD Rev Comm + Dem League members convicted of “anti-Comm, anti-ppl, anti-socialist bourg line” • 300-400K ppl sent to be ‘re-edu thru labour’ o Some stay 10-20yrs o Wider impact – immense pressure on spouses to divorce + tore apart fams

Answer 19

o Mid-1957 1st 5YP over → 2nd created + approved by govt econ o Needed to address major flaws from 1st plan: → Agri X prod surplus anticipated to fund industrialisation → MZ concerned rev momentum + zeal being lost thru highly centralised/bureaucratic system needed to carry out plan → X solution to collectivisation debate o Central Committee cautiously approve dec # of collect farms + approve 2nd 5YP BUT agree MZ’s 12yr collectivisation plan (aims to x2 cotton + grain thru rev zeal) could theoretically work → CCP indecisive/lacking pol direction → M’s enthusiasm takes advantage of this to redir party in his favour

Answer 20

o 4 Oct 1957 USSR launch Sputnik + Khruschev declare USSR would overtake US in elec/steel/coal/iron/oil prod in 15yrs → creates hope for soc st be ind/gl leaders o M inspo from this → speech in Moscow Nov 1957 celebrating “the E wind prevails over the west wind” → M set goal that Ch overtake Brit in steel prod in 15 yrs - X plan to do it but recog need to find og dev model that takes advantage of Ch’s manpower – need peasants onside again

Answer 21

• 4 mo tour → M motivated by carefully staged rallies  emboldens his perception that his rev path is correct • M inspo by massive water project built by hand involving mils peasants = far exceeding off targets → M realise opp for him to bring CCP’s founding narr (triumph against imposs odds) to all of Ch → invigorate support for party + socialism

Answer 22

o Backwardness = virtue bc need struggle to prog (LM spirit/Yenan Way) o Pol will/rev enthusiasm can overcome material deficiencies o Socialist rev #1 then econ system will organically follow o Peasants = desperate + ignorant → drive forward rev bc most easily manipulated (“Poor people want … want revolution” + peasants = “a blank sheet” – Mao)

Answer 23

Early 1958 M lobby thru speeches to Sup St Conf, Nat Ppl’s C + central/prov party leaders abt need for rev virture in econ

Answer 24

- reduce bureaucracy + ‘expert planners’ bc too much control suppressed rev zeal/loses rev focus – holding back ‘productive forces’ of ppl - Encouraged creative thinking + mass enthusiasm = must always be optimistic BUT warned against false reports → contradictory (M doesn’t mind but caused issues later bc officials lie)

Answer 25

Creation of a rural econ that is self sufficient → allow econ to “walk on two feet” w minimal investment bc generate own $ + dec need for “expert-planners”/intel/academics/bureaucrats

Answer 26

o Employ peasants for labour-intensive proj during off-season → build infra/prod sml goods/inc morale + enthusiasm for collective work o Est collectives (like Yenan) → use local expertise to prod sml scale goods o Create a “tech rev” – giving peasants skills/knowledge thru practical exp → creates “socialist-conscious, cultured labourers” w/ X need for intel or high-skilled experts who could critic the CCP

Answer 27

5-23 May 1958 GLP launched at 2nd 8 P Congress

Answer 28

* Production targets for 2nd 5YP revised upwards w X analysis + “on a whim” (Lynch) * All slogans + promises of a utopian future w/ no concrete plans = the ‘General Line of the Great Leap Forward’ BUT • Provincial leaders/party idealists loved it bc attn back to rural areas + leaping ahead of cap rivals → Central Comm delegate Xie Fuzhi: “We are supernatural”

Answer 29

o 28 Apr 1958 multi agri co-ops in Henan prov merge to address labour shortages (Sputnik Commune) → other peasant conglomerates copy o Aug 1958 M touring Shandong Province → “The PC is great” → 17-30 Aug 1958 M successfully convince Pb to est PCs across Ch

Answer 30

end what M called the “Three Great Differences: o City vs country o Worker vs peasant o Manual vs mental labour (comm work gave W sense of greater purpose/duty to comm/understanding of socialism)

Answer 31

o Size – 5K fams + up to 100K ppl per PC o Modelled on socialist values/similar to MATs → Complete collective land, livestock + tool ownership → Large fields tilled by 100s-1000s ppl → Wages paid in work pts  exchange for everyday items o Militarised workforce – org into 10-20 brigades comprised of dozens sml wok teams  ‘battle nature’ (farming) o Transferred responsibilities of fam to st thru lg nurseries, comm kitchens + aged care (Happiness Homes)

Answer 32

o Reduced need for bureaucracy/”expert planners” to maintain soc order/unity → PCs admin its own pub welfare/edu/local defense/farming/sml ind → Militarisation of workforce → inc discipline + reemph LM spirit - “so many ppl came together. Their discipline was marvellous. Everyone came to work on time and all joined in with a will” (peasant Zhao Tongmin) o Inc morale – “Whatever the aims of the CCP leadership, many ordinary ppl was genuinely enthusiastic abt the PCs” (Ryan)

Answer 33

o Mud furnaces o Obsession finding scrap metal o Mass deforestation o Competitive culture to prod the most

Answer 34

o Reduced agri prod bc took away farmers from work o Failed to inc steel prod bc: → Ord ppl X metallurgists → Approach emph quantity> quality → quality v low (low purity + brittle) → Mud furnaces washed away in rain Jan 1959 M go to Manch → learns steel must be prod in prof refineries but X rec stopping backyard steel drive

Answer 35

o Peasants encouraged to eat as much as poss | o Acting troupes/puppeteers/musicians prov entertainment

Answer 36

Consumption = unsus → inc vulnerability to famine bc depleting food reserves w/out replacement (exacerbated by dec farming work bc steel drive) → become problem when Central Comm remove comm kitchens Dec 1958 at Wuhan Plenum despite grain levy 200mil tn more than actually available

Answer 37

o Plants cannot be acclimatised → vast fields wasted planting ill-suited crops o Close planting X allow crops nutrient access o Deep ploughing created a barren topsoil → dec yield + quality of soil → achieve goal of further inc grain yield after good harvest in 1958 bc that was luck of good weather

Answer 38

inc prevalence of more damaging vermin bc dec sparrows allowed prey to thrive (esp locuses) + predators died off (lg birds) → Ch asked USSR for 200K sparrows → sparrows replaced w bedubugs in list

Answer 39

o Best stats purged during HFC o Officials stats replaced w ‘Good News Reporting' stations o Cadres in charge of PCs told to prod as much grain as poss – quotas basically a minimum → Area of land that usually would prod 1tn of rice grain now claim prod 15-30tn o CCP officials shown ‘show fields’ → inflated grain figures to fulfill quotas → false surplus: o 1958 300 mil tn grain but reported 450mil tn o 1959 170mil tn grain but reported 500mil tn → CCP inc grain levy from 30% → 90% → peasants have X food

Answer 40

o Economist Chen Yun doubted accuracy of grain claims – blamed M for creating culture of exaggeration/fear to admit failure o Tian Jiaying (one of M’s secretaries): “This is ridiculous. It is shameful”

Answer 41

o Reaffirmed ‘General Line’ (aspirational slogans, X investment) = correct approach to agri o Reduced grain levy 450mil tn → 370mil tn = 200mil tn above amt prod in 1959 o Intro incentives for peasants to be more prod – sml priv markets reopen + fam allowed time to cultivate sml veg plots o X communal kitchens (problem bc ppl reliant on st for food + being asked to supply 200mil tn more grain than available) o Investigative teams sent out from B but only suggest minor adjustments to GLP

Answer 42

June 1959 M visit home village in Hunan - some complaints but mostly ‘very good’ Peng Dehuai (Def Min + old friend of M) visit home village in Hunan → pov + qualor, elderly in Happiness Homes X beds + kids in nurseries crying bc cold + hunger → promises to appeal to party for change → letter to M ahead of Lushan Plenum

Answer 43

23 July 1959 after letting comrades critic GLP M 'speaks frank' - accepts blame but then blames comrades for X telling him truth - “If you have to shit – shit! If you have to fart – fart!” + warned further critic would be taken personally M issue ultimatum threatening that further dissent would drive him to raise a new RA in the mountains to overthrow the govt o 16 Aug 1959 CC doc condemn Peng = ‘anti-P element’ + reaffirm GL of the GLP (proof of M’s strengthening of power) → Peng replaced as Def Min o Anti-Rightest Campaign revived → punish ‘little Peng Duahuais’

Answer 44

• a/t trying to revitalise Yenan spirit, GLP lacks same pragmatism (e.g. lack of an econ plan) • Some historians view PCs = masterplan by CCP to exploit peasantry w inc efficiency → compromise on ideals o “The state had become the ulti landlord” – Fairbank o “The aim was to make slave driving more efficient” – Chang/Halliday • Lysenkoism = antithesis of core M principle of rev being peasant driven/mass line bc listening to “expert planners” + ignoring local knowledge/common sense (rev becoming inc ideological - X prag) • Peasant enthusiasm for CCP struggle to prog narrative = waning (X like Yenan)

Answer 45

The Great Leap Forward continued many of the CCP's core policies but a larger scale and prioritising ideology above all. For example, the GLF is similar to the CCP development strategy in Yenan because it depended entirely on revolutionary spirit, with Mao attempting to reinvigorate the Long March spirit at a national level. Secondly, the GLF refocused development on rural areas = pursuing comm + agri rev together Thirdly, GLF pursues M's ideal of peasants driven rev bc PCs reduced need for bur/expert planners + empowered peasantry. Li Zhusui recounted: "It was an exciting experience".

Answer 46

Vague but determined/delusional optimism ‘Go all out, aim high, and achieve greater, faster, better, and more economical results in the building of socialism’ - Mao

Answer 47

o Stubborn/delusional commitment to GL of the GLP despite ev against → Jan 1959 M travel to Manch – learns steel must be prod in prof refineries but X stop steel drive = distraction from agri → Bad news = struggle that M believed necessary for peasants to prog – LM spirit → Lysenkoism reinvigorated after Lushan Plenum bc supports narr that Ch ppl’s ingenuity can overcome all obstacles o Influenced fanatic cadres to extract as much grain as poss from peasants + blame suffering on their lack of ideo focus – toxic LM spirit o M create culture of fear (mass campaigns, Lushan plenum, HFC, Gao Gang Affair)→ pol officials X able to tell truth of agri/famine situation o Widespread across Ch  only consistent factor = govt policy

Answer 48

• Droughts, flood + locus plagues

Answer 49

Dec 1958 Wuhan Plenum concerns abt famine → dec gr levy 450mil → 370mil = 200mil tn grain more than available July 1959 Lushan Plenum dec gr levy 370mil → 270mil = still 100mil tn more than available → extra pressure on peasantry at same time as losing st food support from comm kicthens

Answer 50

• New of famine suppressed bc nothing true unless M said so o Intercepted mail o Villages under lockdown – impris for ‘vagrancy’ if try to leave

Answer 51

* Cannibalism – ‘famine culture’ of ‘swap child, make food’ – Becker * Husbands sold wives/daughter into prost for food * 1000s kids orphaned/abandoned (left in pits) * 30 mil ppl died – Becker: “in sheer terms of numbers, no other event comes close to this’

Answer 52

Liu: “We can’t go on like this” chief econ Chen Yun report according to M “paints a v dark pic” → late-1960 CCP consensus GLP failed

Answer 53

o PCs ½ size o Work units of 30ppl → inc personal purpose/responsibility o Est household responsibility committee → allocate land to ind fams to farm = ‘save yourself production’ → end of 1962 gr prod inc 6mil tn → 10mil tn o inc wages for hard working ind/manu workers → 1963-65 heavy ind prod inc 17% + light ind 27% o Prem Enlai allow gr imports from Aus + Ca o Inc bureaucracy + cadres mandated to ensure accuracy of reported figures

Answer 54

July 1960 USSR w/draw Sov tech support → big loss of expertise needed for lg projects 14 July 1964 PRC end formal dip rel w USSR after M express concern USSR becoming 'dict of the bourg' + 'taking the cap rd'

Answer 55

As stated by Cook, Lin Biao's 'Little Red Book' was a "weapon of mass intruction" for the PLA, designed to strengthen Mao Zedong Thought amongst the military and encourage soldiers to revere Mao. Published in May 1964, some party members viewed it as a foolish distraction for PLA soldiers. However, by the end of 1966 1bn copies were in circulation.

Answer 56

in February 1964, Mao launched the 'Learn From the PLA' campaign through publication in the People's Daily. Much like the Red Army, the campaign aimed to encourage ordinary citizens to emulate the PLA's revolutionary virtue. This was achieved through the politicisation of the PLA, with commissars appointed to every level of the military to provide political instruction, the removal of visible ranks from uniforms, the establishment of political bureaus in schools, factories and workplaces, and sponsoring art festivals and theatre performances. This all contributed to increasing the PLA's presence in Chinese wider society and influence over political education, providing them with a platform to project the ideal behaviour of the model communist citizen.

Answer 57

As coined by Mao, the 'Learn from Lei Feng' campaign aimed to provide the masses with a tangible hero to rally around and inspire them to replicate his revolutionary virtue in their everyday lives. Although Lei Feng's diary was fabricated by a propaganda arm of the CCP, it embodied the Long March spirit and resonated with everyday citizens. Apparently, Lei was orphaned at an early age and exploited by landlords, but joined the PLA and lived a virtuous life, dedicating himself to the party and donating his wages to relief funds and construction projects.

Answer 58

As coined by Mao, the 'Learn from Lei Feng' campaign aimed to provide the masses with a tangible hero to rally around and inspire them to replicate his revolutionary virtue in their everyday lives. Although Lei Feng's diary was fabricated by a propaganda arm of the CCP, it embodied the Long March spirit and resonated with everyday citizens. Apparently, Lei was orphaned at an early age and exploited by landlords, but joined the PLA and lived a virtuous life, dedicating himself to the party and donating his wages to relief funds and construction projects.

Answer 59

Mao installed artistic and political changes originally to support the SEM, appointing his wife Jiang Qing as Minister for Culture 2 days after the campaign's official launch in Sep 1962. After a fact-finding mission in Shanghai, Jiang reported that 'feudal' and 'reactionary' values were at the forefront of Chinese culture. As a result, Mao was worried that the PRC's economic progress would be undermined because 'the superstructure - literature and art - has not changed. Further, Mao was concerned that subliminal anti-revolutionary messaging in Chinese culture was a barrier to the re-establishment of revolutionary integrity within the CCP, as 'even party members are enthusiastically promoting feudal and capitalist art but ignoring socialist art'.

Answer 60

* Jan 1965 Liu reconfirmed as Pres – ‘Chairman M + Chairman L are both our beloved leaders’ → M poss driven by discontent w shared power pos  want to triumph in P power struggle * M turned 76 in 1966 → inc awareness of own mortality – Lifton argues M on quest to achieve ‘rev immortality’ → CR mostly a question of history + M’s legacy w/in it * Monkey King – steals + eats peaches of immortality + covers 1000s miles in 1 leap

Answer 61

• Days before M16C – Kang Sheng contact Nie Yuanzi (activist @ B Uni) → assured her ‘high lvl backing’ for her activism → denounced B Uni Chancellor + put up big-char poster (“What are you up to in the CR?”) → 1st June endorsed by M + reprinted in PD

Answer 62

• Late May 1966 – immediate response to M16C o Lin Biao encourage M fanaticism thru sensational claims – ‘Chairman M is a genius’ o Inc extreme/mil sentiment from students – talking abt bombs/grenades o MS student grp attached to B Uni call themselves the RG  co-opted by other grps o Chen Boda incite inc radicalism/violent rhetoric thru provocative editorials in PD – ‘whoever dares to opp [M] shall be obliterated’ • Mid-June 1966 o Inc violence – ‘a RT spread over campus… and the rev leaders + students were filled w joy” – rituals of seizing admin staff → dunce caps, splatter w ink, strip clothes off, beat them o B = chaos → Liu ask M for help/expl of what CR is  M offer X guidance bc want disorder to destroy Liu politically o Liu employ CCP work teams to suppress chaos  success initially BUT X address underlying tension o M return from Huangzhou bc mad abt work teams

Answer 63

o Four olds campaign = ideas, culture, customs, habits (coined by Lin Biao) o Social change → gender eq bc fem rev figures JQ + Nie Yuanzi + ‘linking up’ = freedom o Cultural destruction → RG raid museums + deface symbols of antiquity incl C’s supposed grave o Clothing – ‘bourg’ clothes + hair was forcibly cut/ripped off by RG o Chess banned bc too Russian

Answer 64

o All convos start w “Long live Chairman Mao” + cont following quotes dep on soc class o 2.2bn portraits prod o Loudspeaker broadcast thoughts of M at streetcorners o Ppl bow to M at morning and night bc think he is blessed w div power o Carry LRB everywhere + consult it for any problem

Answer 65

o Teachers put thru brutal ‘struggle sessions’ – dehumanising signs likening them to snakes + dogs, extreme violence (beaten to death, buried alive etc), dunces caps

Answer 66

• 18 Aug 1966 Rally of 1mil+ RGs in TS o Waved LRB + chanted slogans + did ‘rev dance’ o M appear on balcony of Gate of Heavenly Palace in RG outfit  fem MS students pin armband to him → M symbolically blessing mvmt • Late Aug 1966 10mil+ young ppl travel to B to attend RG rallies to be ‘reviewed’ by M – encouraged by CCP bc given free acc + transport • Millions young ppl ‘Linking up’ – sort of LM – CCP give free acc + transport for young ppl to see rev sites (J, Y, M’s birthplace) → witness extreme poverty of rural Ch = tangible focus for their rev zeal

Answer 67

• 1-8 Aug 1966 CC plenum → Sixteen Points o X dir name Liu as ‘cap roader’ or ‘revisionist but alluded to him (‘some persons in charge’) o Added structure to how issues outlined in M16C should be addressed

Answer 68

Lifton - CR = quest by M to achieve 'rev immortality' but origins/triggers = complex bc born from multi of M's paranoias (argued by Spence + Ryan) * M X have plan – CR entirely dep on rev zeal to fuel chaos -> creating inc violent/fanatic culture/soc to support M’s pol endeavours -> econ conseq bc ppl X working * Ppl treated like they’re X even human like in WWII e.g. Liu’s treatment + Peng Dehuai assaulted x130 + violence vs teachers esp nametags w snake/dog M focus of history encapsulates M’s tacit shift from prag --> ideal – X ideal in the sense of ‘book learner’/Marxist ideology, but instead creating own narr for Ch where he is at the centre M wanted to change Ch soc into comm soc to create culture that supported his pol power

Answer 69

* 1966-68 650K ppl die in factional infighting * CCP restructured – Pb ceased to exist from Feb 1967 + replaced w ‘3 in 1’ leadership comms Mar 1967 * Wrath of M/CoP around him = indiscrim → fam of P off targeted in violence e.g. Jan 1967 Wang Guangmei (Liu’s wife) lured to hospital → taken by RG to denunciation rally + Deng’s son thrown off building → para from waist down * Econ conseq bc rebel W X working – JQ encouraged this by claiming “to stop prod is rev itself”

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U4 AOS2 Flashcards

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