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History Revs > U3AOS1 STATS > Flashcards

U3AOS1 STATS Flashcards

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1
Q

How many protesters were at the Bloody Sunday procession?

A

150,000

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2
Q

How many casualties resulted from Bloody Sunday?

A

200 killed
800 wounded

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3
Q

How many workers were members of Gapon’s Assembly of Factory Workers?

A

6,000 by end 1904

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4
Q

How many workers were on strike by Jan 1905 before Bloody Sunday?

A

120,000

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5
Q

How much did the occurrence and size of strikes increase as a result of the 1900-06 recession?

A

strikes req mil intervention = 19 in 1883 → 522 1902
often 15,000-20,000 workers involved

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6
Q

Arrears in land redemption payments

A

118mil rubles by end of TN2’s 10th yr

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7
Q

Key features of workers’ daily living + workings condition pre-revolution

A
  • 11.5hr work days
  • lowest paid in Eur
  • barrack style housing next to factories + mines bc rapid urbanisation
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8
Q

What was the impact of urbanisation on the population size of Petrograd?

A

inc 76% 1897-1914

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9
Q

What did the Octoberists want?

A
  • Russification
  • restore integrity + dignity of R monarchy after RJW

“liberals were patriots who objected to the war not b/c it was unjust, but b/c the govt was uncommitted to winning it” (McMeekin)

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10
Q

What did the Kadets want?

A
  • constit mon lim by elected reps
  • univ + free edu
  • full + eq civ rights incl X censorship
  • recog TUs + right to strike
  • abolish redemption $
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11
Q

Details of 1st Duma

A
  • 27 Apr - July 1906 (73 days)
  • composition = 38% non-affiliated peasants, 27% K, 20% trudoviks
  • dismissed bc Kadets first act in D = “Address the Throne” → call for further reforms + working rights
  • 2 successful laws = ban cap punishment, famine relief
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12
Q

Details of 2nd Duma

A
  • Feb - June 1907 (103 days)
  • composition = 20% trudoviks, 19% K, 13% SDs, 7% SRs
  • dismissed bc accusations of SDs plotting to overthrow T
  • no progress - D reject Stolypin’s proposed land reforms + mil admin
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13
Q

Details of 3rd Duma

A
  • Nov 1907 - June 1912
  • composition = 33% Oct, 11% K, 4% SDs
  • dismissed bc 5yr term ran out
  • 2571 bills → maj = superficial BUT 2 impactful = National Insurance Bill + edu for poor children
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14
Q

Details of the Fourth Duma

A
  • Nov 1912 - Aug 1914
  • composition = 27% nat min parties, 22% Oct, 13% K, 3% SDs
  • dismissed themselves to show support for strong leadership of TN2 bc WWI
  • most conservative Duma BUT rel = deteriorating bc inc tensions/crisis/unrest in R
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15
Q

Who could vote in the elections for the 1st and 2nd Dumas?

A
  • only men w >200ha land → vote dir
  • peasants → indir vote (elect so to vote on their behalf)
  • > 60% WC = excluded
  • soldiers + women = excluded
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16
Q

How did Stolypin reform the electoral system (negatively)?

A

intro from D3 - X voting in districts where pop = X reached ‘sufficient levels if civic dev’

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17
Q

What proportion of men could vote for D3 and D4?

A

1/6

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18
Q

Why was D3 not representative of the Russian population?

A

1% of pop voted for nearly 3/4 of Duma seats

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19
Q

How many bills did D3 pass?

A

2571

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20
Q

When did Stolypin declare martial law?

A

Aug 1906

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21
Q

Details of ‘Stolypin’s necktie’

A

3376 ppl exec 1906-13
(2193 1906-08 alone)

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22
Q

Provisions of Agrarian Reform Act (1906)

A
  • peasants can leave mir
  • allow peasants to purchase on credit
  • abolished land redemption $
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23
Q

How many peasants had left their mir to farm independently by 1913?

A

2mil

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24
Q

What did Stolypin mean by ‘wager on the strong’

A

Give resources/freedom to peasants to inc personal $ thru ind farming → create kulak class (15% pop) to control ‘dark masses’ (source - Alexandra)

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25
Q

What social reforms did Stolypin introduce?

A
  • insured peasants for old age + illness
  • intro proportional tax system
  • compulsory primary edu
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26
Q

What was the impact of Stolypin’s social reforms?

A

1906-13 # primary schools x2
council spending on health/welfare x2

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27
Q

What industrial reforms did Stolypin introduce?

A
  • X nighttime/underground work for women + kids
  • dec max # work hrs
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28
Q

How long did Stolypin think his reforms would need to make progress?

A

20yrs (assassinated Sep 1911 by SR)

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29
Q

Economic weaknesses in tsarist Russia

A
  • 45% govt budget went to mil vs 4% to edu
  • redemption $ → 118mil rubles arrears by end TN2’s 10th yr
  • coal ind = 5% of Brit
  • dep on imports for 1/4 coal
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30
Q

What proportion of farmland was unused in tsarist Russia?

A

1/4

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31
Q

How big were the peasants’ land plots

A

10 acres = inefficient

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32
Q

How did land redemption payments impact harvest yield?

A

1/2 yield in prev most abundant areas

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33
Q

Witte’s reforms

A

focus on heavy ind
→ x3 railways 1881-1913 BUT TS Rail X finished by start WWI

34
Q

How many different ethnic groups did Russification target?

A

170

35
Q

How many Jews did Russification target?

A

5mil

36
Q

How many levels of bureaucracy were there in the tsarist government?

A

14

37
Q

What was the name of the first revolutionary group and when was it formed?

A

‘Bund’
1897
Formed by Jews alienated from regime by Russification

38
Q

How big were the nobility and how much land did they own?

A

1% pop but 25% land

39
Q

When were the peasants emancipated?

A

1865

40
Q

How much did Moscow and St Petersburg’s population grow in the 1890s?

A

M x2 1881-1914
P x2 1887-1914

41
Q

Reasons for RJW

A
  1. inc urbanisation + demands for X → easy victory to inc support for T
  2. R want to expand into Manch/NK to secure access to Pt Arthur = warm-water port after Ch’s 25yr lease of Liadong Pen
42
Q

Civil rights demands of Gapon’s petition

A
  • Freedom of speech/press
  • Univ + compulsory + free edu
  • Full legal eq
  • Sep of Ch + st
43
Q

Poverty + living conditions demands of Gapon’s petition

A
  • Abolish land redemption $
  • End RJW ($ burden bc mil = 45% budget)
44
Q

Working condition demands of Gapon’s petition

A
  • Est workers’ comm to lead jointly w/ cap mgmt.
  • Freedom to est TUs + strike
  • 8hr work day
  • Wage reg
45
Q

Political demands of Gapon’s petition

A

Allow workers’ rep → influ govt policy

46
Q

October Manifesto provision

A
  1. Civil liberties (speech/press/assembly)
  2. Univ male suffrage
  3. Est Dumas = pop elected + could approve/veto all legislation pres by TN2
47
Q

Key Fundamental Laws

A

1 “The All-Russian Emperor possesses supreme autocratic power”

#9 “The Sovereign Emperor ratifies all laws”
#13 “The Sovereign Emperor declares war, concludes peace and negotiates treaties with foreign states”
#15 “The Sovereign Emperor appoints and dismisses the Chairman, the Council of Ministers and individuals ministers”
#87 Tsar can dissolve Duma + rule by exec decree in “exceptional circumstances” that are decided by T

48
Q

Lena Goldfield Massacre casualties

A

500 shot + 250 killed

49
Q

Strikes during Fourth Duma

A

1912-14 3mil workers strike in 9000 strikes

50
Q

What proportion of the State Council (upper house of Duma) could the tsar appoint?

A

1/2
(TN2 expanded SC’s power in FL)

51
Q

Impact of outbreak of WWI on strikes

A

June-July 1914 = 3493 vs Aug-Dec 1914 = 41

52
Q

What proportion of conscripts reported willingly to the army in early WWI?

A

95%

53
Q

What was the cause of the ‘Great Retreat’?

A

1915 1mil R soldiers killed in Galicia/Pol/Latvia/Lith

54
Q

How many casualties did the Russian army have by mid-1915?

A

4mil

55
Q

Details of ‘ministerial leapfrog’

A
  • 4 PMs + Mins of Edu + Justice
  • 3 Mins for Transp/FA/War
56
Q

Reason for ministerial leapfrog

A

bribery → accepted any candidate pres by Rasp

57
Q

Details of new ministers of the interior

A

o Stürmer (Jan-Sep 1916) = obsessed w/Ger
o Poptopopov (Sep 1916 – Feb 1917) = X pol exp + talked to Rasp’s ghost

58
Q

Economic impacts of WWI

A
  • 1916 P + M only recieving 1/3 food + fuel needed
  • 1/3 bakeries + 2/3 butchers in P close
  • 1914 TN2 ban vodka → st tax rev dec 28% → print more $ → inflation - wages inc 50% but food prices x4
  • 1917 buying power = 30% of 1913
59
Q

Social impacts of WWI

A
  • conscription = maj peasants b/c viewed as inexhaust resource → 4mil casualties by mid-1915 hit peasant comms extra hard
  • inc disp $ for rich ppl b/c just transfer $ → foreign banks/assets to avoid inflation
  • peasants rebel vs grain quotas by eating more + sowing less → exacerbate food crisis
60
Q

Political impacts of WWI

A

TN2 rejects support from:
- UoZ + UoT offer transp assist + support to care for wounded (critic Rod for supporting)
- 25 July 1915 War Ind Comm appeal to govt for inc govt invest → inc prod
- Aug 1915 Prog Bloc appeal to reform admin/pol leadership → avert rev

61
Q

Who were the War Ind Comm

A

prog M industrialists

62
Q

What was the Progressive Bloc?

A

alliance b/w K + Oct
262/422 D deps

63
Q

How did the Tsar react to the Progressive Bloc?

A

rejected proposal
dismissed supporters
dissolved D4 3 Sep 1915

64
Q

How many protesters gathered in Petrograd to commorate Bloody Sunday on 9 Jan 1917?

A

150,000

65
Q

How many Putilov steel workers striked on 18 Feb 1917 + why?

A

40,000
wages + working cond

66
Q

How many women marched on 23 Feb 1917 + why?

A

1000s (joined by 90,000 men)
demand bread + end to aut rule

67
Q

How many people in Petrograd protested on 24 Feb 1917 + why?

A

200,000+
demand end WWI + end aut rule

68
Q

Who joined protesters on 25 Feb 1917?

A

teachers + office workers

69
Q

How many protesters were there in Petrograd by 26 Feb 1917 + what happened?

A

• 300,000 protesters
→T troops fire on crowd → 200 casualties
→ mutinies begin
→ Rod warns TN2 situation = serious BUT TN2 dismisses D4

70
Q

How many protesters were there by 27 Feb 1917 + tsar’s reaction?

A

400K workers + 70K soldiers protesting but TN2 thinks all is nonsense

71
Q

What happened on 28 Feb 1917?

A

T police + govt surrender
→ monarchy collapses
→ power in hands of W + S
→ elections for P Sov
→ TN2 blocked from returning to P

72
Q

Key provisions of April Theses

A
  • Bol need to assert themselves + use agitation + prop to spread ideals
  • Denounces ‘cap nat’ of PG + its commitment to ‘predatory imperialist war’
  • Slogan = ‘PBL!”, “All Power to the Sovs!” + “Turn to Imp War into a CW!”
73
Q

How many protesters were there against Miliuvok’s note?

A

25,000 across P (20 Apr 1917)

74
Q

What did the protesters of Miliukov’s note chant?

A

“Down w/ the Imperialist War!”

75
Q

How many days did the Petrograd Soviet ban demonstrations for after the April Crisis?

A

3

76
Q

How many socialists did the 1CG include in May 1917?

A

6

77
Q

Immediate reforms by the PG

A
  • Mutinous soldiers pardoned
  • Recog TUs
  • 8hr work day
  • Okhrana + cap punishment = abolished
  • T police replaced w/ ppl’s militia
  • Intro freedom speech/assembly/press
  • Announce univ suffrage for CA elections
78
Q

How far did the Russian army advance in the opening weeks of the June Offensive?

A

30km

79
Q

How many Russian army troops were killed in the opening weeks of the June Offensive?

A

40,000

80
Q

How many Kronstadt sailors arrived at the Bolsheviks’ HQ on 4 July 1917?

A

2500

81
Q

How many people protested outside Tauride Palace on 4 July 1917?

A

50,000

82
Q

Who was Kornilov and what was his motivation?

A

Former T officer - wants to restore R’s imperial glory

History Revs (14 decks)

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