u4 aos2 mental wellbeing

Question 1

resilience

Answer 1

the ability to respond to or bounce back from life’s stressors. (the ability to manage change and uncertainty.)

Question 2

social wellbeing

Answer 2

the ability to form and maintain satisfying relationships and interactions with others, and adapt to different social situations.

Question 3

emotional well-being

Answer 3

the ability to control emotions and express them appropriately and comfortably as well as understand the emotions of others

Question 4

Wellbeing

Answer 4

a state in which an individual is mentally, physically, and socially healthy and secure

Question 5

Mental wellbeing

Answer 5

an individual’s current state of mind, including their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions.

Question 6

Levels of Functioning

Answer 6

the degree to which an individual can complete day-to-day tasks in an independent and effective manner

Question 7

mental wellbeing continuum

Answer 7

a tool used to track fluctuating mental wellbeing, ranging from high levels of mental wellbeing to low levels of mental wellbeing

Question 8

anxiety

Answer 8

a state of arousal associated with feelings of apprehension, worry or uneasiness that something wrong or unpleasant is about to happen (future).

Question 9

stress

Answer 9

a physiological and psychological response produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability or resources to cope.

Question 10

phobia

Answer 10

a class of disorders characterized by excessive or irrational fears. It causes significant anxiety and stress and interferes with normal functioning

Question 11

internal factors

Answer 11

factors that arise from within the individual

Question 12

external factors

Answer 12

factors that arise from an individual’s environment

Question 13

Biological factors

Answer 13

Originate or develop within the body and may not be under our control. Include physiologically based or determined factors.

Question 14

Psychological factors

Answer 14

Originate or develop within the mind/brain. Include influences associated with mental processes.

Question 15

Social Factors

Answer 15

Originate outside of the body in one’s environment. Include factors such as skills in interacting with others, range and quality of interpersonal relationships.

Question 16

Risk factors

Answer 16

increase the likelihood of a person developing a mental disorder

Question 17

Protective factors

Answer 17

decrease the likelihood of a person developing a mental disorder

Question 18

Biological risk factor

Answer 18

A range of factors that relate to the physiological functioning of the body

• Genetic vulnerability/ predisposition
• Poor response to medication
• Poor sleep
• Substance use

Question 19

Psychological risk factor

Answer 19

A range of factors that relate to the functioning of the brain and the mind, including cognitive and affective processes such as thought patterns and memory

• Rumination
• Impaired memory and reasoning
• Stress
• Poor self-efficacy

Question 20

Social risk factor

Answer 20

A range of factors that relate to a person’s social contacts and how culture and the social environment influence the development of mental disorders

• Disorganised insecure attachment
• Loss of a significant relationship
• Stigma as a barrier to accessing treatment

Question 21

Protective factors

Answer 21

influences that enable an individual to promote and maintain high levels of mental wellbeing
- prevent the occurrence or re-occurrence of mental disorders

Question 22

Adequate nutrition and hydration

Answer 22

when the type and amount of food and drink that an individual consumes meets their physical needs, which can promote mental well- being.

Question 23

Adequate sleep

Answer 23

good sleep is likely to reduce the likelihood of mental health disorders and promote and is important for mental well-being.

Question 24

Cognitive behavioural strategies

Answer 24

techniques that utilise traits of CBT, particularly recognising and changing dysfunctional thought and behavioural patterns.

Question 25

Mindfulness meditation

Answer 25

the practice of meditation in which an individual focuses on their present experience to promote feelings of calm and peace

Question 26

Support

Answer 26

genuine and effective assistance provided by family, friends, and community that is authentic and energising

Question 27

Determinants of well-being

Answer 27

factors that influence well-being on individual and community levels

Question 28

Culture

Answer 28

the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group, and may encompass language, social habits, music, religion, food and more

Question 29

cultural continuity

Answer 29

the passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions, and values from generation to generation.

Question 30

self-determination

Answer 30

the right for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to make decisions on matters that affect their lives and communities.

Question 31

Specific phobia

Answer 31

an intense, irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation, often leading to avoidance behaviour

Question 32

biological factor

Answer 32

internal, genetic and/or physiologically based factors.

Question 33

psychological factor

Answer 33

internal factors relating to an individual’s mental processes, including their cognition, affective functions, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.

Question 34

social factor

Answer 34

external factors relating to an individual’s interactions with others and their external environment.

Question 35

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

Answer 35

the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS (brain)

Question 36

GABA dysfunction

Answer 36

the insufficient neural transmission or reception of GABA in the body.

Question 37

Long-term potentiation

Answer 37

the long-lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections that are regularly coactivated

Question 38

Behavioral models

Answer 38

phobias are learned through experience and may be acquired, maintained or modified by environmental consequences (e.g. rewards and punishment)

Question 39

A cognitive bias

Answer 39

a tendency to think in a way that involves errors of judgment and thoughts and faulty decision-making.

Question 40

Memory bias

Answer 40

knowledge, beliefs and feelings distorting our recollection of previous experiences.

Question 41

Catastrophic Thinking

Answer 41

occurs when a person consistently overestimates the potential dangers of an object or event and assumes the worst outcome.

Question 42

specific environmental triggers

Answer 42

developing a specific phobia after a direct, negative and traumatic experience with an object or situation that evoke an extreme stress response, then acting as as a cue for future phobic responses.

Question 43

stigma around seeking treatment

Answer 43

embarrassment or shame about symptoms and concerns about being negatively judged by others may discourage people with a phobia from seeking treatment

Question 44

Evidence-based interventions

Answer 44

treatments that have been found to be effective on the basis of valid and reliable research studies.

Question 45

Biological interventions

Answer 45

treatments which address the physiological aspects of phobias.

Question 46

Benzodiazepines

Answer 46

a type of medication that depresses central nervous system activity and is often used as a short-acting anti- anxiety medication - they work by amplifying the inhibitory role of GABA at the synapse.

Question 47

Agonists

Answer 47

chemicals/ drugs that mimic/stimulate the effects of a neurotransmitter.

Question 48

breathing retraining

Answer 48

a relaxation technique that involves identifying incorrect breathing habits and replacing them with more helpful ones when exposed to, or anticipating, the phobic stimulus

Question 49

Psychological interventions

Answer 49

address the mental processes which contribute to a specific phobia

Question 50

cognitive behavioural therapy CBT

Answer 50

a form of psychotherapy that encourages individuals to substitute dysfunctional/unhealthy cognitions and behaviours with more adaptive/healthy ones.

Question 51

Systematic desensitisation

Answer 51

a therapy technique involving progressively introducing a person to their phobic stimulus using relaxation techniques until their fear is replaced by a relaxation response using classical conditioning principles.

Question 52

A fear/anxiety hierarchy

Answer 52

a list of feared objects or situations, ranked from lowest to highest in terms of how much anxiety they produce.

Question 53

Social interventions

Answer 53

those which act to address the social and environmental causes of phobias.

Question 54

Psychoeducation

Answer 54

involves educating the patient, family and friends about a mental disorder how to better understand their disorder, such as the nature of the illness, its treatment, management strategies and the role of support networks.