u3 aos1 - nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

comprised of the brain and spinal cord that receives information from the peripheral nervous system and sends motor information to the PNS

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2
Q

brain

A

a complex organ contained within the skull that coordinates mental processes and behaviour and regulates bodily activity

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3
Q

spinal cord

A

a cable of tissue that extends from the brain, connecting it to the PNS

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4
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

a major division of the nervous system comprising of every neuron in the body outside the CNS

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5
Q

somatic nervous system

A

network of neutrons within the body that transmit information from receptor sites to CNS, and then carry information to the muscles to initiate voluntary movement

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6
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

a division of the PNS that regulates visceral muscles, organs and glans, and transmits neural messages to the CNS about their activity

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7
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

activates visceral muscles, organs and glands, preparing the body to respond to a threat/stressor, preparing the body for vigorous activity

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8
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

maintains the optimal and balanced functioning of visceral muscles, organs and glands while maintaining homeostasis

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9
Q

conscious response

A

a deliberate and voluntary action to a sensory stimulus involving awareness

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10
Q

unconscious response

A

automatic and involuntary actions that occur without awareness

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11
Q

spinal reflex

A

an unconscious, involuntary and automatically occurring response to sensory stimuli without the involvement of the brain

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12
Q

neuron

A

the basic building blocks of the nervous system to communicate information around the body

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13
Q

sensory neurons

A

transmit information from the body to the brain

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14
Q

motor neurons

A

transmit information from the brain to the body

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15
Q

interneurons

A

communicate between sensory and motor neurons

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16
Q

synaptic transmission

A

the chemical conveyance of neural information between two neurons across a neural synapse

17
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical molecules that have an effect on one or two postsynaptic neurons

18
Q

excitatory effect

A

when the neurotransmitter increases the likelihood of the post synaptic neuron firing an action potential

19
Q

inhibitory effect

A

when the neurotransmitter decreases the likelihood of the post synaptic neuron firing an action potential

20
Q

neuromodulators

A

a chemical that has an effect on multiple postsynaptic neurons

21
Q

dopamine

A

neuromodulator primarily responsible for voluntary motor movement and the experiences of pleasure and reward-based learning, having both an excitatory and inhibitory effect on the post synaptic neuron.

22
Q

serotonin

A

neuromodulator primarily responsible for the regulation of mood and sleep and has inhibitory effects on the post synaptic neuron.

23
Q

synaptic plasticity

A

the ability of the synaptic connections to change overtime in response to activity or experience

24
Q

sprouting

A

a neurons ability to develop new branches or extensions on the dendrites or axons

25
Q

rerouting

A

a neurons ability that is connected to a damaged neuron to create an alternative synaptic connection with an undamaged neuron

26
Q

pruning

A

the elimination of underused synaptic connections that are not adequately activated

27
Q

long-term potentiation (LTP)

A

long lasting and experience-dependant strengthening of synaptic connections that are regularly coactivated

28
Q

long-term depression (LTD)

A

long lasting weakening in the strength of synaptic connections which reduces synaptic efficiency due to repeated low-level stimulation of the synaptic connections

29
Q

GABA

A

main inhibitory neurotransmitter playing a role in regulating post synaptic activation in neural pathways, preventing the overexcitation of neurons, which in turn reduces and regulates anxiety by inhibiting excitatory neural signals contributing to anxiety.

30
Q

glutamate

A

the main excitatory neurotransmitter playing a role in learning and memory. forms and strengthens synaptic connections between neurons that are activated during learning, enabling synaptic plasticity.