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HHD > U3 O2 ch 5 > Flashcards

U3 O2 ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define infectious diseases

A

Diseases caused by micro-organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another

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2
Q

Examples of infectious diseases (2)

A

Tuberculosis, small pox

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3
Q

parasitic diseases

A

when parasites enter the body through contaminated food/water or contact with others who has parasites on skin/hair

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4
Q

Define cancer

A

Uncontrollable division of abnormal cells in the body

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5
Q

Define cardiovascular disease (2)

A
  1. Diseases affecting the heart, blood vessels and circulation of blood.
  2. Caused by plaque build up in arteries
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6
Q

Forms of cardiovascular disease (2)

A
  1. Ischaemic heart disease: coronary heart disease -> heart disease
  2. Cerebrovascular disease -> stroke
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7
Q

Describe respiratory diseases

A

Disease that affects lungs and other parts of the body that are involved in breathing

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8
Q

Define pandemic

A

Spread of infectious diseases through human population access large regions, such as multiple continents and worldwide

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9
Q

When and why were respiratory diseases (1)(1)^(1e)

A
  1. Chronic pulmonary disease from smoking
  2. early 20th century due to mining industry
    ^few occupational health & safety regulations = inhaling mining dust = disease
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10
Q

Examples of injury and poisoning (7)

A
  1. motor vehicle accidents
  2. suicide
  3. assault
  4. poisoning
  5. deaths and injuries from war
  6. work-related accidents from limited occupational health and safety regulations,
    7.exposure to toxic substances
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11
Q

Define danger money

A

Additional allowance, agreeing to work in risky and hazardous environments

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12
Q

Define Public Health

A

The ways in which governments monitor, regulate and promote health and wellbeing and prevent illnesses to improve the health status of the entire population

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13
Q

Define Old Public Health

A

Old public health relates to public health interventions, policies and practices implemented by the government in the early 20th century to clean up the physical environment and aim to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases.

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14
Q

Old Public Health policies and practices

A

BQ WINe SHoP
be qute wineshop

(shortened)
B - Birthing
Q - Quarantine
W - Working
I - Immunisation
N - Nutrition
S - Sanitation
H - Housing
P - Provision

(full)
B - more hygienic Birthing practices
Q - introduction of Quarantine laws
W - safer Working conditions
I - mass Immuisation programs
N - better quality food and Nutrition
S - improved water and Sanitation
H - better quality Housing and fewer slums
P - Provisions of antenatal and infant welfare services

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15
Q

Define policy

A

Law, rule, plan or course of action propsed or taken up by an organisation

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16
Q

Define government policies

A

Practices they spend money, budget or allocate money to.

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17
Q

What did the Commonwealth or Federal Government do for public health (5)

A
  • Set up health departments
  • Quarantine laws
  • Funded state for campaigns
  • Research
  • Collected data
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18
Q

What did the State government do for public health

A
  • Established infant welfare centres
  • Encouraged breast feeding
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19
Q

Define health promotion (3)

A
  1. The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.
  2. Brings awareness about ill health causes, changing their behaviour
  3. Focuses on prevention rather than cure and uses the causes of disease as the starting point rather than the diseases themselves.
20
Q

MISCONCEPTION ABOUT IMMUNISATION/VACCINES

A

Mass vaccination = old public health
Discovery of vaccines - biomedical approach to health

21
Q

Define Biomedical Approach to Health (2)

A
  1. Focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness.
  2. It is a medical model practised by doctors and health professionals and is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
22
Q

Advantages of Biomedical Approach (4)

A
  1. Creates advances in technology and research, X-rays, antibiotics, anaesthetics, knowledge on how to treat illness
  2. Enables many common problems to be effectively treated (illness without death or serious complications)
  3. It extends life expectancy
  4. It improved quality of life. Many chronic conditions with medication, therapy or surgery.
23
Q

Disadvantages of Biomedical Approach (5)

A
  1. Relies on knowledge of high trained professional health workers
  2. Costly.
    ^ Relies on technology like MRI machines, robotic surgery which only treat a small number of people
    ^ Health workers need specialist training
    ^ Development of technology/knowledge = increase in cost of training and equipment
  3. The focus is on the disease, not behavioural or sociocultural factors that could lead to its development, so individuals are not empowered to take responsibility for their health.
  4. Not every condition can be treated. Can be prevented through behaviour changes, but that isn’t a focus
  5. Affordability - Contributes to the differences experienced in health status between population groups
24
Q

Advances in medical technologies that have improved the health status of Australians

A
  • X-rays improved cancer diagnosis = lower mortality rates from cancer, higher life expectancy
  • Drugs such as blood thinning medication can reduce the risk of heart attack = increases life expectancy
25
Q

Description of Social Model of Health (4)

A

Red Fox In Paris

R - Recognises that improvements in h+w can only be achieved by directing effort towards addressing the physical, sociocultural and political environments of health that have an impact on individuals and population groups

F - Focuses on promotion of health outcomes for the whole population and tries to prevent illness and disease from occuring in the first place

I - Involes community development approach

P - Policies, education, health promotion

26
Q

Areas of the Social Model of Health

A

Social Party! or AREAS

  1. Addresses the broader determinants of health - not just behavioural but sociocultural, economic and environmental determinants
  2. Reduce Social Inequities - the difference in health status or access to health care based on factors such as gender, SES, location and physical environment are examined and reduced
  3. Empowers individuals and communities - Providing individuals and communities with the resources and skills to make positive decisions regards their own health
  4. Acts to enable access to health care - Making health care Affordable, Appropriate and Accessible for all. Barriers such as location, transport, language, culture, cost and knowledge should be lowered
  5. Involves intersectoral collaboration - Integrated action between government departments and the private sector and the health sector.
27
Q

Define The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A

An approach to health developed by the World Health Organization that aims to reduce inequalities in health. It reflects the social model of health and provides five action areas that can be used as a basis for improving health status, all of which are centred around three strategies for health promotion which are enabling, mediating and advocacy

28
Q

Three overarching principles of health promotion (3)

A
  1. Enable
  2. Mediate
  3. Advocate
29
Q

Three overarching principles of health promotion > Enable (3)

A
  1. Empower people
  2. Give them education and skills
  3. Provide equal opportunities and resources to everyone so they can all attain their fullest health potential
30
Q

Three overarching principles of health promotion > Mediate (2)

A
  1. Means to negotiate between two groups
  2. Health personnel, NGOs, sectors have a major responsibility to mediate between different groups in society to help people achieve optimal h+w
31
Q

Three overarching principles of health promotion > Advocate (2)

A
  1. Means to speak up for the best interests of a person
  2. Actions to gain support from governments and societies to make changes to address barriers and improve factors of h+w
32
Q

Five areas of action of The Ottawa Charter

A

Bad Cats Smell Dead Rats

B - Building Healthy Public Policy

C - Creating Supportive Environments

S - Strengthening Community Action

D - Developing Personal Skills
- Education for healthy behaviour to occur

R - Reorienting Health Services
^ Health care serivces need to be involved, preventative and promoting health activites in addtion to their biomedical approach

33
Q

Define Build Healthy Public Policy (2)

A
  1. Relates to introducing policies that work to encourage healthy behaviours among individuals to reduce their risk of disease
  2. Laws and regulations made to help individuals make healthier choices
34
Q

Examples of Build Healthy Public Policy (3)

A
  • School regulations = wear hats
  • Seat belts and bike helmets mandatory
  • banning of cigarette advertising
35
Q

Define Creating Supportive Environments

A

Modifying the physical and sociocultural environments to make them more conducive to healthy lives

36
Q

Examples of Creating Supportive Environments (3)

A
  • Shaded areas in school playgrounds
  • Banning smoking in public spaces, work, pt
  • Community support groups such as QUITLINE
37
Q

Define Strengthening community action (3)

A
  1. Relates to building links between individuals and the community
  2. Works towards a common goal
  3. Has a sense of ownership
38
Q

Examples of Strengthening community action (1)

A
  • Placing pressure on councils to provide more recreation facilities for young people
39
Q

Define Developing Personal skills (2)

A
  1. Relates to education
  2. Health-related knowledge and skills help people to make decisions that improve their h+w
40
Q

Examples of Developing Personal skills (1)

A
  • Posters and material promoting healthy behaviours, health education programs
41
Q

Define Reorienting Health Services

A

The health system promotes h+w before symtoms appears rather than just waiting for the illness to come and then diagnosing, treating and trying to cure

42
Q

Examples of Reorienting Health Services (2)

A
  • Doctors take on the role of educators, asking questions
  • Prompting quit smoking, healthy eating, exercise messages
43
Q

What to use when evaluating strategies (4)

A
  • Social Model of Health
  • Ottawa Charter in Health Promotion
  • Effective Program elements
  • Elements of Economic, Social, Environmental Sustainability
44
Q

Advantages of Social Model of Health (6)

A
  • Prevents conditions from developing in the first place
  • Promotes overall h+w
  • Relatively inexpensive. Health promotion investment is significantly cheaper than treating conditions once symptoms arise
  • Focuses on vulnerable population groups, equity
  • Education can be passed down generations
  • The responsibility for h+w is shared
45
Q

Disadvantages of Social Model of Health (4)

A
  1. Not every condition can be prevented.
    ^ genetic conditions
    2 It does not promote medical advancements and development of technology and medical knowledge
  2. It does not address the health and wellbeing concers of individuals
  3. Health promotion messages may be ignored
    ^ relies on public cooperation

HHD (12 decks)

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