U3 AOS2 Pt 2 Flashcards
Define sovereignty
Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised borders. This is the primary organising principle of global politics, providing states with the authority to represent their territorial entity within the international community. State sovereignty can be challenged internally (for example, secessionist groups) or externally (for example, one state invades another).
Define power
Refers to the ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another global actor. Power can be exercised in a range of types and forms
Define National Interest
Used as an all-embracing concept to justify policy preferences and actions, and includes the goals or objectives of foreign policy.
Define Security
Traditionally refers to protection of state’s borders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty. Has evolved to include softer forms of security, such as access to resources (economic security) and protection of ecosystems (environmental security)
Define Idealism
School of thought in which foreign policy is influenced above all else by moral principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations.
Define Pragmatism
School of thought in which foreign policy is influenced above all else by practical and pragmatic considerations, as opposed to moral principles.
Describe Taiwan and China’s trade relationship
1991-2020 T investment → Ch = $188bn
2016 T invest $10bn tech
2010 FTA
→ Ch = T’s #1 export market + T = Ch’s #7
→ 2020 record high trade = T export $155.55bn = 43.9% of all exports vs 40.2% 2016 despite DPP election
→ exports to Ch = 30% trade + 15% GDP
Describe SK and China’s trade relationship
2015 FTA
→ $300bn bilat trade
Ch dominant bc 2017 boycotts cost SK econ $6.8bn vs $800mil for Ch
BUT impact LT IS bc 2020 Pew poll → 75% SK hold neg view abt Ch
Describe Japan and China’s RR
2019 $2.6bn trade deal
BUT RR deteriorate 2020 b/c J fear Ch’s inc mil agro will spillover - proven true when Ch launched missile into J’s EEZ during Pelosi’s visit to T
BUT econ r/ship = stronger than ever
- Ch = J’s #1 export market since 2020 + J = Ch’s #2
- Q1 2022 12,000 J businesses in Ch
→ J X share same concerns as W abt Ch surveillance
- J govt work w/ Tiktok + purchase Ch electric busses
- Huawei launched new devices for J market
Describe China’s use of aid in the PI
2011-18 Ch #3 provider of aid in PI = $1.26bn
80% concessional loans 20% grants
Used to secure sov claims
→ $243mil aid to Van since 2013 → 1/2 PI st to recog Ch sov over SCS
→ offered $500mil Kiribati 2019 to recog 1CP
Used to pursue EP (common prosp)
→ 2017 Ch construction activity = x6 more than $958mil spent in aid
Used to improve IS
→ 2018 Aus critic Ch for “debt-trap dip” (Ch responsible for 50% V debt) but Tonga PM rebuke Aus for scandalising Ch for “helping poor and needy countries”
Describe the BRI
$1.5tr project
2600 proj in 100+ st
138st sign MOU since 2013
est to add 0.2-0.3% GDP growth + 6.3% gl trade
Impact of BRI
Esp pop in SS Afr - 39st sign MOU → 63% Afr view Ch influence in Afr as somewhat/very pos
BUT soft power deficit → W st distrust Ch motives
IMF report Dj = st of ‘debt distress’ w 70% GDP debt
2021 Sri Lankan port seizure - reported by W news like NYT as ev of Ch’s expansionist agenda
e.g. 2020 Aus fed govt cancel VIC’s 2018 MOU
Describe china’s use of soft power in Africa
Globally spends $10bn/yr soft power projection = promo attractive image in media
Offer cheaper TV rates in Afr vs BBC/AlJazeera → Ch st-owned CGTV claims acc for 10/24mil pay TV subs in Afr
Largest prov of scholarship for Afr students to study abroad = 16%
Ch host 80K Afr students 2018 vs 2K 2003
→ 63% Afr hold somewhat/very pos view of Ch influence in Afr
→ 4 Afr st adopt Ch’s dev model
Interpretations structure
Dominant interpretation:
1. who said it + what is their view
2. rationale
3. policy implications (evidence)
4. which NI sub-goal does it prioritise
Competing interpretation
Dominant interpretation:
1. who said it + what is their view
2. rationale
3. policy implications (past actions/hypothetical)
4. which NI sub-goal does it prioritise
What is China’s GINI coefficient?
38.5 in 2016
EP interests in SCS
7-11bn barrels of oil
190tr cubic feet of gas
90% ME trade travels thru area
