U3 AOS1 P2 Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Question 1

What are biomolecules?

Answer 1

Large organic molecules made of smaller sub-units

Question 2

What are monomers?

Answer 2

Building blocks of cells, and include Sugars, Fatty Acids Amino Acids and Nucleotides

Question 3

What are polymers?

Answer 3

Large molecules made up of identical single units

Question 4

What makes polymers?

Answer 4

Monomers

Question 5

What are the 2 main types of Nucleic Acids?

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 6

What is a Nucleic Acid?

Answer 6

An organic biomolecule that stores/transmits inherited characteristics

Question 7

What are the 3 main units of a Nucleotide?

Answer 7

Phosphate Group
5-carbon sugar (pentose)
Nitrogenous Base

Question 8

What are the 5 Nitrogenous Bases?

Answer 8

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

Question 9

What are the 2 sub groups of Nitrogenous Bases, and which bases are in them?

Answer 9

Purines:
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines:
Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine

Question 10

What is the main difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Answer 10

Purines have a 2 ring Structure

Pyrimidines have a 1 ring Structure

Question 11

What are the base pairing rules?

Answer 11

A pairs with T

C pairs with G

Question 12

What is the structure of DNA described as?

Answer 12

Antiparallel

Question 13

What is a protein?

Answer 13

Macromolecules made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, creating a chain.

Question 14

What 5 elements can Proteins contain?

Answer 14

Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Sulfur

Question 15

What is the Monomer unit of a Protein?

Answer 15

Amino Acid

Question 16

What is an Amino Acid?

Answer 16

Sub units of polypeptide chains and proteins

Question 17

What are the 3 main structures common to all Amino Acids?

Answer 17

Amine Group (NH2)
Carboxyl Group (COOH)
Variable R group

Question 18

How many proteins can our body produce?

Answer 18

20

Question 19

Where do we gain the others our body requires?

Answer 19

From food

Question 20

What is a Condensation Reaction?

Answer 20

Peptide bonds which join Amino Acids together to form Polypeptide Chains

Question 21

What does a Condensation Reaction need?

Answer 21

Takes OH from carboxyl group and H from amine group to form a water molecule, which then gets expelled

Question 22

What needs to happen to the protein for it to become functional?

Answer 22

It needs to be folded into a specific shape

Question 23

What are the 4 different levels of Structure?

Answer 23

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

Question 24

What has a Primary Structure?

Answer 24

Polypeptide chain

Question 25

What determines how the Polypeptide Chain folds?

Answer 25

Unique sequence of Amino Acids

Question 26

What happens in the Secondary Structure stage?

Answer 26

Polypeptide chain is folded over itself or coiled around itself

Question 27

What are the 3 types of Secondary Structures?

Answer 27

Alpha Helix
Beta-pleated Sheet
Random Coil

Question 28

What happens in the Tertiary Structure stage?

Answer 28

Polypeptide chain is folded into a 3D shape

Question 29

What happens in the Quaternary Structure stage?

Answer 29

2 or more polypeptide chains join together

Question 30

What is a Chapernonin?

Answer 30

Protein which is essential for folding process to occur

Question 31

What is the main function of a Chapernonin?

Answer 31

Space which allows the polypeptide chain to fold

Question 32

What are the 2 main classifications of Proteins?

Answer 32

Fibrous and Globular