U2 Flashcards
introspection
self observation and reflection
hypothesis
an educated guess
research hypothesis
based on knowledge (what the experimenter thinks will happen)
statistical hypothesis
probability of occurrence
scientific law
a statement based on repeated experimental observation
widely accepted and conclusive
scientific theory
a useful guide for further research
well-tested explanation of an event
does psychology rely more on theories or laws
theories
what are the 2 requirements theories are supposed to satisfy
- accurately describes large class of observation
- make predictions about future observations
can you prove a theory
no
but you can disprove one
what determines whether or not a theory survives
whether new data agrees
prediction - measured observation =
error
key components of a hypothesis
- variables
- constants
experimental control
eliminating confounding variables
conceptual definition
general definition of a variable
operational definition
definition of the same variable in context
deductive hypothesis
based on a theory
minimal direct observation
inductive hypothesis
based on experimental findings
examining patterns displayed in data and research
what to think about when evaluating a hypothesis
- does it correspond with reality
- is it parsimonious
- is it falsifiable
a research study must be able to _______ or ________ hypothesis
accept
refute
variables in an experimental design
IV (X)
DV (Y)
variables in a non experimental design
explanatory (predictor-X)
criterion (response-Y)
prediction error
how far individual data is from line of best fit
rules for obtaining measurements from people
participants must:
- volunteer
- understand relevant info about study
- risks and potential benefits
- why research is being done
research must have ________ that will produce 2 or more different scores
variables
