U1

Question 1

definition of research

Answer 1

systematic investigation to establish facts and reach new conclusions

Question 2

research takes a ______ approach

Answer 2

quantitative

Question 3

clinical research

Answer 3

subset of research aiming to improve clinical outcomes and methods of practice through knowledge translation

Question 4

research trinity

Answer 4

• design
  (gathering info establishes validity)
• measurement
  collect info to determine constructs and insure reliability)
• analysis
  (establish conclusion validity and evaluates hypothesis)

Question 5

descriptive stats

Answer 5

generate numbers to describe results

Question 6

inferential stats

Answer 6

inferring to a population

Question 7

sources of knowledge

Answer 7

• tradition
• authority
• trial and error
  -deductive/inductive reasoning

Question 8

deductive vs inductive

Answer 8

d - general observation to specific conclusion
I - specific observations to general conclusion

Question 9

law of small number

Answer 9

extreme outcomes are more likely when considering a small number of cases

Question 10

empirical approach

Answer 10

researcher makes direct observation form cases

Question 11

steps in the scientific method

Answer 11

• deduce questions from theory
• collect/analyze data (answer question)
• interpret findings (apply inductive reasoning)

Question 12

key elements of the scientific method

Answer 12

• skepticism
• open mindedness
• objectivity
• empirical vs non research
• creativity
• communication

Question 13

basic research

Answer 13

• not used for direct practical application
• explains why people do what they do
• not used day to day

Question 14

applied research

Answer 14

a non-systematic process of providing solutions to the specific problems or issues

Question 15

translational research

Answer 15

linking basic to be used in applied

Question 16

3 categories of research

Answer 16

• descriptive
• exploratory
• experimental

Question 17

descriptive research

Answer 17

strictly describing a group of individuals on a set of variables to document characteristics

Question 18

2 types of descriptive research

Answer 18

• case study (one person)
• normative study (specific groups)

Question 19

exploratory research

Answer 19

extending and examining interaction of factors on peoples behaviour

Question 20

epidemiology

Answer 20

examining pattern of lifestyle factors, predicting risk, and examining associations

Question 21

cohort study

Answer 21

following a healthy group over time to develop a baseline

Question 22

case control study

Answer 22

selecting groups based on presence of a condition (cases who have it vs control that don’t)

Question 23

correlational-predictive research

Answer 23

examining relationship between variables (not cause and effect)

Question 24

simple correlation

Answer 24

• can be direct or inverse
• relationship between 2 variables
• Pearson r-value

Question 25

regression analysis

Answer 25

- have to know correlation first - predicts outcome of variable Y given X - y=mx+b and predictive error as a result - one variable

Question 26

multiple regression

Answer 26

2 variables

Question 27

predictor

Answer 27

IV

Question 28

criterion

Answer 28

DV

Question 29

intra ocular test

Answer 29

look at graph form an opinion and decide if it makes sense

Question 30

methodological studies

Answer 30

evaluating/demonstrating reliability, validity, and/or variability of measurement instruments and/or procedures

Question 31

validity

Answer 31

is it measuring what its supposed to (ex. questionnaires/surveys)

Question 32

reliability

Answer 32

is measurement consistent (2 or more assessments)

Question 33

experimental research establishes...

Answer 33

cause and effect

Question 34

true experiment (randomized controlled trials)

Answer 34

- best - controls all factors that may effect results - uses control groups, placebo, random assignment, and blinding

Question 35

quasi experimental study

Answer 35

- same as true but with less control - groups aren't randomly assigned - different to do blind treatment

Question 36

pre experimental study

Answer 36

- lease control - no random assignment - done before the others - used to analyze cost benifit