tyrone essay plan 3 Flashcards
‘The main reason why the Nine Years’ War lasted so long was that Elizabeth and her advisors completely underestimated the seriousness of the situation in Ireland.’ How far do you agree with this statement? (SIMPLIFIED FULL PLAN)
UNDERESTIMATED SERIOUSNESS OF REBELLION
-military delays (e.g after blackwater defeat)
-elizabeth hesitation
-Underestimated seriousness lead to Limited military action and defeat (in battles)
-poor strategic decisions (e.g essex truce prolonged war)
-england was more focused on spain
STRATEGIC AND MILITARY SUCCESS OF IRELAND/ TYRONE
-tyrone army size and weapons
-tyrone army size vs england in 1596
-gathered support for other irish chieftons
-gurilla tactics
-battle of clontribret
-battle of yellow ford
-battle of curlew pass
FOREIGN BACKING FOR IRELAND
-potential threat
-actual threat
‘The main reason why the Nine Years’ War lasted so long was that Elizabeth and her advisors completely underestimated the seriousness of the situation in Ireland.’ How far do you agree with this statement? (UNDERESTIMATED SERIOUSSNESS OF REBELLION PARA PLAN)
POOR MILITARY FUNDING
-after blackwater defeat russell asked for more men byt only 1610 out of 2000 arrived (and in bad condition)
-ELIZABETH’S HESITATION
Elizabeth hesitation at blackwater fort
-didnt want to abandon it
-wanted to divide rebels through negotiations instead
-delayed action
Elizabeth hesitation after burghs death
-another delay :hesitated in appointing a new lord deputy after burghs death, leaving military leadership uncertain
-UNDERESTIMATED SERIOUSSNES OF IRISH TACTICS LIKE GURELILLA TACTICS LEADING TO DEFEAT PROLONGING REBELLION AND FAILING TO SQUASH IT
-DIDNT KNOW THE TERRAIN (E.G IN YELLOW FORD)
-ESSEX TRUCE PROONGED WAR
after defeat at curlew pass essex negotiated a private truce which allowed rebels to keep all lands and fortresses they held, this significantly weakened british control of ireland
FOCUS ON SPAIN
after defeat at curlew pass essex negotiated a private truce which allowed rebels to keep all lands and fortresses they held, this significantly weakened british control of ireland
‘The main reason why the Nine Years’ War lasted so long was that Elizabeth and her advisors completely underestimated the seriousness of the situation in Ireland.’ How far do you agree with this statement? (ACTIONS OF THE IRISH PARA PLAN)
INITIAL MILITARY STRENGTH (ARMY AND REBELS
army:
-tyrone’s army was large, well trained and well-equipped
- had 1,000 cavalry, 4,000 musket men, 1,000 pike men
-tyrone cavalry better trained than English horsemen
-he used english and spanish captains to train his men
weapons:
- tyrone’s troops used modern weapons (muskets and pikes) instead of traditional weapons
-he had acess to imported weapons and ammunition
MILITARY STRENGTH BY 1596
by 1596 irish rebels had 6,000 foot soldiers, 1200 cavalry
VS english forces who had: 5,732 foot soldiers and 617 cavalry
GOT OTHER CHIEFTONS TO JOIN
BATTLE OF CONTRIBET
-When English commander sir henry bagenal marched to Monaghan: IRISH used well trained musket men hidden on both sides of the road, forced english to slow down and they became vunerable
(killed 31 and wounded 109 English). proved irish could outfight the british
BATTLE OF YELLOW FORD
Battle of yellow ford
1598- tyrone’s forces ambushed and attacked from both sides as the english crossed yellow ford, using musket fire from hidden positions (as a result: 830 english soldiers dead, 400 wounded, english suppies lost, only 2,000 made it back to Armagh)
-killed burgh
BATTLE OF CURLEW PASS
the rebels used the mountainous terrain to attack english troops, after defeat of the english, o’connor had to suurerend to rebels
‘The main reason why the Nine Years’ War lasted so long was that Elizabeth and her advisors completely underestimated the seriousness of the situation in Ireland.’ How far do you agree with this statement? (FOREIGN BACKING PARAGRAPH PLAN)
THEORETICALLY COULD HAVE PROLONGED WAR
-provided ammunition
-potential of Spanish threat was high: they had advanced wepons and ammunition and many soldiers and fleets
-supplies modern weapons and trained irish troops with a Spanish military commanders
-england and spain were already at war (since 1585). England had helped dutch protestants rebel against spain and attacked Spanish ports like cadiz
-philip II consequentially had his own motives, he wanted to destabilise English war efforts
-religious motives to help: philip ii saw it as his duty to protect fellow catholics
WASNT ACTUALLY THE REASON THE WAR WAS PROLONGED
-when Philip ii sent a second armarda (100 ships) to ireland (a seperate fleet to attack england), -it failed because there were strong winds and 32 ships were lost (debilitated the threat of spain)
-when Philip iii came into power, he struggled to send troops due to the ongoing wars with dutch rebels in England (delay- diminished threat) and when he did manage to finally send troops in 1601 storms separated some ships carrying vital supplies (only 3,400 of the 6,000 requested troops landed in kinsdale)
OVERALL ARGUEMENT
While Elizabeth and her advisors certainly underestimated the seriousness of the situation in Ireland, this was not the sole reason for the prolonged nature of the war. Tyrone’s strong leadership and military tactics, as well as English military weaknesses, were just as significant in contributing to the war’s length.
how large was tyrone’s army initially and how was it better than englands training
had 1,000 cavalry, 4,000 musket men, 1,000 pike men
tyrone cavalry better trained than English horsemen
tyrone’s access to weapons
- tyrone’s troops used modern weapons (muskets and pikes) instead of traditional weapons
-he had acess to imported weapons and ammunition
tyrones army by 1596
-by 1596 irish rebels had 6,000 foot soldiers, 1200 cavalry
VS english forces who had: 5,732 foot soldiers and 617 cavalry
irish strength after the battle of clontibret
-1595
-When English commander sir henry bagenal marched to Monaghan after capture of enniskillen and beseigement of monaghan castle : IRISH used well trained musket men hidden on both sides of the road, forced english to slow down and they became vunerable
(killed 31 and wounded 109 English). proved irish could outfight the british
irish strength in battle of yellow ford
1598- tyrone’s forces ambushed and attacked from both sides as the english crossed yellow ford, using musket fire from hidden positions (as a result: 830 english soldiers dead, 400 wounded, english suppies lost, only 2,000 made it back to Armagh)
-killed burgh
irish strength in battle of curlew pass
