crown church and state essay plans SIMPLIFIED Flashcards
To what extent did the role of Parliament in the government of England change during the period 1485-1603? (2015 specimen)
YES- ROLE CHANGED and there was an increasing amount of power (but didn’t bypass royal household)
-Henry VII parliament had little influence – same role as medieval period, only called it 7 times in 24 years à merely a mean of rubber-stamping laws and granting taxation
-Proclaimed himself king, then used parliament to confirm this
-under henry viii role was funding wars and expanded to religious matters (but cromwell more important)
-couldnt assert itself over elizabeth ii, easily squashed grievances over monopolies
NO- OTHER INSITUTIIONS AND MONARCH REMAINED MORE IMPORTANT
-Henry viii: privy council
-Edward: privy chamber
Elizabeth: role of secretary, council
YES- GREW IN CONFIDENCE
-challenged henry viii for the first time in 1504
-challenged wolseys need for taxation 1523
-rejected mary giving back monastic lands
-under Elizabeth I puritan groups in parliament formed and challenged elixabeth for freedom of speech (she had to imprison wentworth 1587 and pass an act that limited freedom of speech)
How far do you agree that the key turning point in the relationship between Church and state in the 16th century was the AoS 1559? (2015 sample)
HENRY 1534 ACT OF SUPREMACY
-destroyed relationship between church and tudor gov, no longer adhered to pope.
-foundation of the 1559 act of supremacy, established rejection of Catholicism for the fisrt time
-place henry at head of church in England instead of the pope (extended in 1559 act of supremacy)
-break from rome, establishment of protestantism
–Appoints Cromwell as Vicegerent in Spirituals – has the power to carry out Henry’s wishes without being member of the clergy; Monarch seizes political power
ELIZABETH 1559 ACT OF SUPREMACY
-Political not personal: Where Henry’s supremacy was fuelled by the need for a male heir, Elizabeth’s was enacted in order to remove Mary’s reforms and
authority to the monarchy.
-permanent establishment of a nation state away from influence over the Pope in Rome – the 1534 Act did not bring about such definitive change and Anglo-Catholic doctrines were not as thoroughly enforced
-permanance of protestantism, after henrys act catholicism still practices and was focus of rebellions
-Elizabeth made Supreme Governor of Church of England
-Clergy had to swear an oath accepting this title
-Papal Supremacy was revoked (thrown out)
-removed marys heresay acts restoring catholicism
RELIGIOUS REFORM UNDER MARY AND EDWARD
-edward enhanced protestant feeling but doesn’t override statuate law of henry and Elizabeth: introduction of the Forty-Two Articles and the Common Book of Prayer,
-restored cotholic doctorine through heresay acts but this was a lack of longevity
How accurate is it to say that parliament became considerably more critical of royal government in the years 1485-1603? (2020)
RELIGIOUS CHANGE
*Henry Vii: Minimal religious conflict; little parliamentary criticism due to his focus on stability
*Mary I: criticism in 1554 over restoration of monastic lands
*Elizabeth I: 1559 religious
settlement needed redrafting to appease Catholics- Puritan Mp’s criticised her church (became governer of church of england not the head)
FINANCIAL CRITICISM
-1504 rejected henry vii’s request for taxation
-1523 rejected wolseys request for taxation
-Criticism intensified, particularly over taxation in 1566 and 1593.
SUPREMACY AND ROYAL CONTROL
- henry vii’s Skilful management ensured parliament’s compliance. Only seven parliaments were called, mostly for revenue.
-criticism limited by strong royal control across all reigns, although methods of control evolved.
-Protector Somerset controlled a compliant parliament, limiting criticism during his minority.
How accurate is it to say that by 1603 parliament had become a permanent and essential part of Royal Government?
ROLE
OTHER INSITUTIONS MORE IMPORTANT
CONFIDENCE
In the years 1485-1603 Parliament became the most powerful part of Tudor Government. How far do you agree?
PARLIAMENT
-changing role: from tax to religious affairs
-changing confidence: rejected taxation to both henrys, rejected restory of monastic lands, spoke out against Elizabeth
COUNCIL
-privy council introduce 1540: responsible for day to day running of gov
-became chief minister
-under mary councils own seal was introduced
-privy council in Elizabeth: controlled gov, followed elizabeth around anfd met almost everyday in 1590s
CHAMBER
-very important under both henrys: finances controlled through it, dry stamp in henry viii pre privy council
-edward chamber most powerful, lack of longevity though as northumberland restored emphasis of governing through council
-decline after this
